Zhu Jian'er. Gao Jianping Surging information
Zhu Jian'er only began to compose his first symphony at the age of 80, and before the age of 80, he completed ten symphonies belonging to the Chinese (and a "Small Symphony"), giving his voice to the soft power of Chinese music culture.
On August 15, Zhu Jian'er, who had made outstanding contributions to the cause of Chinese symphony, died at ruijin hospital at the age of 95.
Previously, Zhu Jian'er was rescued in Ruijin Hospital for a week, but he has been in a coma due to extensive bleeding in the brain. Zhu Jian'er's wife Shuqun said, "In accordance with the instructions of Zhu Jian'er before his death, the funeral is simple, there is no spiritual hall in the family, no farewell ceremony or memorial service is held, and the remains are donated to the hospital according to the agreement before death." ”
Practice the path Nie Er has traveled
Zhu Jian'er wrote all his life and achieved remarkable results, but his bumpy juvenile experience is little known.
Born in Tianjin on October 18, 1922, Zhu Jian'er grew up in Shanghai, and his musical beginnings came from self-study in a hospital bed.
After graduating from high school, Zhu Jian'er was bleeding heavily due to tracheal rupture, lived in his sister's house, and was bedridden for four years, which was also a critical period to start his music career.
At that time, Shanghai was still in the colonial era, and the radio stations set up by various countries in Shanghai not only propagated ideology, but also culture. During this time, Zhu Jian'er relied on a borrowed old-fashioned small radio to learn music.
"I heard Shostakovich's tune early on. From classical to modern, to the latest music, lying in bed with your eyes closed, thinking nothing, just listening, listening to almost all the music. At that time, I lived in the pavilion between the first and second floors, and I wrote it down while listening, and I couldn't correct it, but I listened very carefully at that time, and there was no score until after liberation. ”
After lying down for four years, the illness gradually healed. "Music saved my life, it was my life." Zhu Jian'er said that his musical background came from four years in his hospital bed, and music gave him the motivation to live and the opportunity to discover the fun of the outside world.
For example, listening to Tchaikovsky's "Pathos", "the feeling of tearing the heart and lungs can be heard, and it is strange that I listen to "Pathos" not only do not feel pessimistic and world-weary, but gain a kind of strength from it." ”
There were few literary and artistic idols in that era, but Zhu Jian'er was interested in Nie Er and was deeply moved by his songs. Nie Er became Zhu Jian'er's lifelong idol, and his name was changed from the original Zhu Rongshi to "Zhu Jian'er".
"As soon as his work comes out, I'm going to buy it right away." My current name is based on Nie Er, who has four 'ears' that no one can surpass. 'Practicing ear' is practicing the path that Nie Er has traveled. ”
In 1935, at the age of 23, Nie Er drowned on the coast of Fujisawa City, Japan. After knowing this situation, Zhu Jian'er felt very sorry and sighed continuously, "If Nie Er hadn't gone so early, he must have been China's Beethoven." ”
A song composed by Zhu Jian'er. Gao Jianping Surging information
He stayed in the Soviet Union for five years of further study
In 1945, Zhu Jian'er joined the frontline theater troupe of the Soviet Central Military Region of the New Fourth Army, and in 1947, he served as the band leader and conductor of the East China Military Region's Cultural and Labor Troupe, creating military music such as "Fight Well" and other military music that spread throughout the troops.
After "Fight Well" came out, the morale of the troops was high at that time, and they sang wherever they fought, venting their feelings of winning the battle, just like working and shouting trumpets. At that time, when someone introduced me, they said, 'This is the (composer) who wrote "Play Well.". ”
In 1954, fate began to favor Zhu Jian'er, who had already passed the age of establishment. After passing the examination, he was selected by the Shanghai Film Studio to be sent to the Soviet Union to study composition, along with the composer Qu Wei in Yan'an.
To prepare for the exam, he studied Russian in Beijing for a year, taking the exam with his 1952 interlude "The Day of Turning Over" for the documentary The Great Agrarian Reform. In Zhu Jian'er's words, this is the first time that Chinese has combined folk music and Western music writing techniques.
According to the organizational arrangement, studying in the Soviet Union was a three-year graduate student, but Zhu Jian'er took the initiative to apply for a change to a college student, and the time was extended to five years, "I don't even have the level of a college student, how to study for graduate school?" I said no, I'm going to go to college instead so I can go to college for five years. ”
According to the regulations, international students are not allowed to return to their home countries during their study abroad. Zhu Jian'er, a 32-year-old married and child with two sons and a daughter, had to hide this rule from his family and embarked on the road of studying in the Soviet Union.
During his studies abroad, Zhu Jian'er studied composition with Professor Balasanian of the Tchaikovsky Conservatory in Moscow.
Zhu Jian'er, who had not received a professional education in the style of a scientific class, with his rich life experience and national musical literacy, began the first golden period of creation in his life, creating a large number of works such as piano music, chorus, oboe solo, string quartet, symphonic poems and so on.
In 1959, Zhu Jian'er's first orchestral work, "Festival Overture", premiered in Moscow and was widely acclaimed, and was used by the former Soviet State Radio as a permanent music catalog.
Over the years, Hua Jia wrote a symphony
In 1960, Zhu Jian'er returned to China after completing his studies in the Soviet Union and worked as a full-time composer at the Shanghai Experimental Opera House.
In 1963, the whole country set off a climax of learning from Comrade Lei Feng. Zhu Jian'er read a small poem copied by Lei Feng from "Lei Feng's Diary", "Sing a mountain song to the party, I compare the party to my mother, my mother only gave birth to my body, and the glory of the party shines on my heart..."
He immediately composed it into a three-part solo song with the flavor of a mountain song. In the same year, through the Tibetan female singer Tsetan Dolma re-performed, "Singing a Mountain Song to the Party" sang the north and south of the great river.
"Many reports have said that the first singing of this song is Caidan Dolma or someone else, in fact, the first song is Ren Guizhen, and it is Caidan Dolma who sings it red, which cannot be confused." Zhu Jian'er said.
In 1975, Zhu Jian'er was transferred to the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra, and until his death, he was the resident composer of the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra.
In May 1982, the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra premiered Zhu Jian'er's symphonic suite "Qianling Sketch" at the 10th "Shanghai Spring", which made an excellent depiction of national folk music with a musical carving knife, and has been performed for a long time to this day.
After the reform and opening up, Zhu Jian'er accumulated thick and thin hair, ushering in the second golden period of his creative career - he entered the year of huajia and began to write large-scale symphonies.
Qian Shijin, the former artistic director of the Shanghai Grand Theatre, is a witness to the birth of Zhu Jian'er's First Symphony.
As early as 1960, Qian Shijin and Zhu Jian'er met. At that time, he was still studying violin at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, and the class teacher Shu Qun was Zhu Jian'er's wife. Occasionally, Mr. Shu would bring her husband's newly written songs to the students to sing, including "Taking Lei Feng's Gun" that he wrote for Lei Feng.
In 1985, Qian Shijin was transferred to the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra as the general manager, and his intersection with Zhu Jian'er was even greater.
On June 12, 1986, Zhu Jian'er's "First Symphony" was performed at the Beijing Concert Hall, led by Qian Shijin and conducted by Chen Xieyang in the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra. Qian Shijin still remembers that the concert hall exploded on the spot, and leaders of Wan Li, Wang Zhen and other countries all came to watch.
Shen Cinong, a senior reporter of the Xinmin Evening News, was also invited to go with him at that time, sleeping in the same room with Zhu Jian'er and talking day by day.
"When I was in Beijing, there were friends from the Beijing music industry visiting, And Elder Zhu was somewhat overwhelmed, there was no mobile phone at that time, and there was no message service at the hotel switchboard, so guests were often temporary knocks on the door and were 'uninvited guests'. Elder Zhu received him warmly. ”
Shen Zinong said that Zhu Lao remembered in his heart every day when he had time to see Qu Xiaosong (composer), and Shen Zinong helped him contact him and went to the appointment, "That day I was accompanied, Qu Xiaosong and Liu Sola were waiting at home, and the two sides talked very happily. It's not easy, Qu Xiaosong is a junior, but Elder Zhu doesn't care at all, and asks questions one by one in person. Such a musician, Zhu Lao is the only one I have ever seen. Others may have it, but that is a show, and Zhu Lao is sincere from the heart. ”
From 1985 to 1999, Zhu Jian'er wrote ten symphonies belonging to the Chinese.
This figure is a legend created by an elderly man with perseverance, and some of the symphonies are modern in concept and technique, even far exceeding many young composers - he not only has the skills of classical music creation, but also strives to learn and master modern composition techniques for his own use, not only the content of the creation is new, the technique is also new.
"In the former Soviet Era, every time Shostakovich came out with a new symphony, it was a major event in the cultural world, and only Zhu Jian'er could match it in China." Qian Shijin sighed that some people write one or two songs to become composers, in fact, at most they are songwriters, and they must write orchestral music and symphonies to be considered composers, "Zhu Jian'er is a real composer." ”
Almost every year or two, Zhu Lao has a new symphony, and there is not much writing fee, but he can withstand loneliness and feels that he wants to make this contribution to the development of the Chinese symphony industry. Because symphonies and operas are the highlights of music creation, they are the embodiment of a country's cultural soft power. Qian Shijin said.
(Part of the text in this article is quoted from the Article "Oriental Morning Post" published on November 13, 2014, "Practicing the Ear is practicing the road that Nie Er has traveled")