I. Introduction: Montessori was an outstanding thinker and reformer of early childhood education in the history of education in Italy and the world from the 19th century to the 20th century, known as the "representative of the childhood century" and "the person who has the greatest influence on early childhood education since Fluke Pell". She founded the Children's Home, wrote famous works such as "Montessori Teaching Method" and "The Secret of Childhood", and the Montessori teaching method has been popularized in many countries in the world, and there are many Montessori early childhood education institutions in China.
Second, Montessori's educational philosophy
1) to make a person with upbringing and personality through education;
2. Spontaneous intelligence (psychological primordial impulses);
3. Promote human creativity;
4. Coordinate children's self-development, give full play to their life potential, and develop all aspects of ability;
5. Prepared environment: genetics, environment (provides all the positive elements needed for growth, excludes unfavorable factors);
Third, the characteristics of early childhood development
1. Psychological formation embryonic period: children's psychological formation period
2. Psychological attraction: children use all the surrounding environment to form their own behavior, personality, language and psychology;
3. Critical period: The child has a certain psychological tendency and possibility at each stage, and the sensitivity will disappear after a specific period;
4. Stage:
(1) The first stage of 0-6 years old: the creation period, 0-3 years old embryonic stage children without conscious thinking activities; 3-6 years old personality formation;
(2) The second stage of 6-12 years old: stable development period, children begin to have abstract thinking ability;
(3) The third stage of 12-18 years old: puberty, physical and mental development, and gradually mature;
Educational methods: freedom, discipline and work
(1) Freedom
1. Teaching principles: give children autonomy and freedom of activity;
2. Teaching Methods: Teach freely in a prepared environment
3. Teaching environment: give children free and convenient places to move, but restrict children's freedom;
(2) Discipline: The child's work has great autonomy, but also requires the child to be self-disciplined and abide by the rules;
(3) Work: oppose games, advocate work, and children can freely and focus on various teaching aids;
(4) Teachers: Teachers are the facilitators of children's activities, and they must constantly make new teaching aids according to children's needs at any time
(5) Teaching aids: let children understand life, practice independent ability and construct personality learning materials, isolate some prominent materials in living objects and life phenomena for children to perceive, and then return to life after children perceive;
5. Educational content
1. Daily life education: basic movements, life self-care ability, living habits, etc.;
2. Sensory education: cultivate keen senses, various sensory training;
3. Mathematics education: intuitive teaching aids, reading and writing arithmetic exercises;
4. Language education: expression, etc
5. Cultural education: animal, plant and astronomical, geographical, historical and other cultural knowledge;