When I first met Lu Xun, "one is a jujube tree, and another is also a jujube tree", Lu Xun is just a literary symbol that often appears in textbooks; read Lu Xun again, "Horizontal eyebrows are cold to a thousand fingers, bowing down to the cow", Kong Yiji, Xiang Lin sister-in-law, leaping soil ... Lu Xun is a spiritual fighter who uses the pen as a knife to dissect the soul of the people; looking at Lu Xun again, he knows that he can design, how humorous, good at making friends, and also has a cute side.
On October 19, the 84th anniversary of Lu Xun's death, the third Lu Xun Cultural Week public festival was held as scheduled. Lu Xun's eldest grandson, Zhou Lingfei, mentioned that this year, because of the epidemic, the number of public festivals has been controlled. When the song "I Recommend Xuanyuan with My Blood" sounded, the national spirit represented by Lu Xun and the image of the hero of the "epidemic" were combined into one, and the banner of the national soul was dedicated to Lu Xun and also to the extraordinary 2020.
Two days later (October 21st), the Lu Xun Cultural Foundation and the Shanghai Library jointly held a "Master Dialogue" forum, and Lu Xun had a dialogue over the air, and specially invited Professor Wang Xirong, vice president of the China Lu Xun Research Association and chief expert of the Lu Xun Cultural Foundation, to cross the bridge of the times and start from the different roles in Lu Xun's social life to restore a real Lu Xun, a three-dimensional and vivid person.
Wang Xirong, vice president of the China Lu Xun Research Association, has been studying the real Lu Xun for decades
*How does Lu Xun become a child and grandchild? "Bearded sheep's tail" followed, laughing and scolding the true temperament
Born as the son of man, filial piety comes first. In front of the elders, Lu Xun followed the old tradition. From an early age, he was obedient, well-behaved, and sensible, and was even called "Bearded Sheep's Tail" by his elders. Xu Shousheng said: Whether it is a new morality or an old morality, Lu Xun is a model. It is filial piety, but it is also in line with new morality. This is Lu Xun's consistent attitude towards his elders.
When the Guangfuhui planned the assassination and tried to take Lu Xun with him, Lu Xun said, "I can go." But when I die, who will support my mother? Lu Xun also bought her mother her favorite "Golden Powder Family" for her mother's entertainment.
Lu Xun's family took a group photo, and in the front row was Lu Xun's mother, Lu Rui
He did the same with his father. Wang Xirong mentioned that Lu Xun's father, Zhou Fengyi, was actually not very contentious and participated in the college entrance examination cheating case, and was later disqualified from childbirth and cut to Bai Ding. But he also once said with great ambition that he had four sons, and one would be sent to the East and one to the West to study. Later, Lu Xun went to Japan to study, opened his eyes to see the world, and he joined this road, which shows that little Lu Xun listened to his father's words in his heart.
Archives of the Zhou FuQingke field case. When Lu Xun was 12 years old, Lu Xun's grandfather tried to help 5 candidates, including Lu Xun's father, to participate in the "township test" cheating, and sent someone to send bribes to the chief examiner, but this person sent money to ask for a receipt, and the chief examiner ordered someone to arrest him, so the case occurred
However, there was something about his father that Lu Xun could not let go of in his life. One morning, Xiao Lu Xun was excited to go to the temple fair with his friends, but his father asked him to endorse it, and it was a student class. Although he later came out and his father finally agreed to let him go, he was already interested. He said: "When I think about it to this day, I wonder why my father asked me to endorse it at that time. Lu Xun believes that this kind of behavior of the father is harmful to the nature of children and the evil consequence of the old-style education system. But as a son, he did not resist and still respected his father.
Lu Xun's grandfather Zhou Fuqing had a deep influence on little Lu Xun. His enlightenment education and the idea of doing learning were inherited from his grandfather. Grandfather taught Lu Xun to first learn simple history, and then read the Four Books and Five Classics, so later Lu Xun returned from Japan, and his pen was "Outline of the History of Chinese Novels".
The picture on the left is the doorway to reading ancient poems written by his grandfather to Lu Xun and others; the back row of the picture on the right is Lu Xun's grandfather Zhou Fuqing
Lu Xun's personality is also similar to that of his grandfather. Wang Xirong said that one of the biggest characteristics of Zhou Fuqing is that he loves to scold people, from the emperor down to his own servants, he has scolded. The real thing is "happy to laugh, sad to shout, angry to scold." His grandfather's bluntness, bravery, and resoluteness also affected Lu Xun's future behavior and handling of things.
*How does Lu Xun become a teacher and student? The master of "Southern Cavity and Northern Adjustment", "Iron Absorbing Stone for Young People"
Lu Xun has been a student and a teacher all his life. Wang Xirong believes that there are four teachers who have the greatest influence on Lu Xun's life: Shou Jingwu of the Sanwei Bookstore, Yu Mingzhen of the Nanjing Mining Road School, Yanjiuro Fujino, a medical specialist in Sendai, Japan, and Zhang Taiyan, the master of Park Studies. Among them, the first three were Lu Xun's formal teachers.
Shou Jingwu was the most severe and square master in Shaoxing City. He had a creed: Don't be an official in a chaotic world. So Lu Xun did not go to the examination.
Yu Mingzhen was Lu Xun's teacher when he was studying in Nanjing, and Lu Xun once described Yu Mingzhen: "When he sat on the carriage, he was probably looking at the "Times". Yu Mingzhen's new ideas also guided Lu Xun to continue to open up to the academic frontier in the future.
The picture on the left shows the Nanjing Mining Road School affiliated to the Jiangnan Lushi School; the right picture shows Yu Mingzhen (1860-1918), the general office of the Nanjing Mining Road School.
Fujino Yankuro was Lu Xun's exotic teacher. One of Lu Xun's famous articles, "Mr. Fujino", is about him. "Of all the teachers I consider to be my teacher, he is the one that makes me most grateful and gives me encouragement." "His enthusiastic hope for me, his tireless teachings, in small terms, is for China, that is, he hopes that there will be new medicine in China; in the big sense, it is for academics, that is, he hopes that new medicine will spread to China." Lu Xun believes that in Mr. Fujino's mind, scholarship knows no borders.
The picture on the left shows Shou Jingwu (1849-1930) of The Sanmi Shoya, and the picture on the right shows The Japanese Sendai Medical Specialist Fujino Yankuro (1874-1945)
As a student, Lu Xun studied very hard and diligently, and was keen on independent thinking, often studying until late at night. The ashtray in his bedroom was often piled high with cigarette butts after a night; when he was studying in Nanjing, he also ate peppers because he read at night to keep cold.
When Lu Xun was a teacher, he was a "magnet for young people." He is knowledgeable and knowledgeable; he lectures interestingly and leads by the way; he is a spiritual teacher; he is approachable and a mentor. Therefore, everywhere is very popular with students, and there are many followers among students.
Lu Xun spoke with a southern accent, which was ridiculed as "Southern Cavity North Tuning", Lu Xun thought of himself as Southern Cavity North Tuning, and compiled his own collection of essays "Southern Cavity North Tuning Collection"
While teaching at Peking University, there were students such as Wei Jiangong, Feng Zhi, Feng Xuefeng, and Rou Shi. More students followed when they taught at the Women's Normal University. In addition to Liu Hezhen and Yang Dequn, there were also Lu Jingqing, Lü Yunzhang, Chang Ruilin, etc., all of whom later maintained contact with Lu Xun. The students who followed Lu Xun at Xiamen University were even more obsessed.
Lu Xun and members of the "Yangyang Society" of Xiamen University and Lin Yutang were in the desert tomb of Nanputuo. Later, these members followed Lu Xun all the way to Shanghai
In 1932, in the "Five Lectures" of Beiping, Lu Xun gave a speech on the playground with a thick southern accent, and there were many people who came to visit him, and the grandeur was unprecedented. It can be seen that Lu Xun's personality charm.
* How does Lu Xun become a husband? Ten years of hand in hand to share the hardships, with foam can also mourn
Lu Xun is the eldest brother in the family, the eldest brother is the father, and Lu Xun practices all his life. At home, all major affairs are taken care of by Lu Xun, all external affairs are handled by Lu Xun, all responsibilities are borne by Lu Xun, and all behaviors are demonstrated by Lu Xun. For Zhou Zuo and Zhou Jianren, Lu Xun can be described as "brother Yiyi, and the partridge is in the original." Pampered, even accommodated."
The picture on the left shows Zhou Zuoren (1885-1967); the picture on the right shows Zhou Jianren (1888-1984)
Treating her mother's daughter-in-law, the original wife Juan, Lu Xun has always supported her to fulfill her obligations. And his conjugal friendship with Xu Guangping in the chaotic world is even more commendable. Although Lu Xun rarely talks about this in his works.
Zhu An (1878-1947) on the left and Xu Guangping (1898-1968) on the right
In 1929, Lu Xun went alone from Shanghai to Beijing to visit his mother, and wrote a letter to Xu Guangping on the way, deliberately choosing a letter with a lotus pattern. After Xu Guangping gave birth to a baby, Lu Xun immediately gave her a pot of wenzhu. Attentive and considerate at every turn.
Lu Xun believes that the contradiction between husband and wife cannot be without, and the solution is mutual understanding and mutual accommodation. Wang Xirong said that lu xun did not want to say more every time he quarreled with Xu Guangping, and only liked a life of sullenness. After a while, Lu Xun slowly adjusted himself. Regarding his feelings with Xu Guangping, Lu Xun himself commented: "Our feelings are good! "Simple, ordinary and real.
* How does Lu Xun become a father? "How pitiful is not a husband", "Looking back at the smaller than the sushi"
Lu Xun was very happy to have a son, and he was very spoiled for his son Hai Baby. Xu Guangping recalled that Lu Xun treated his children "by nature, trying his best not to give him more blows, or even unwilling to rebel against his liking, unless it is within a certain degree of extreme intolerance and extreme unreasonableness."
The picture on the left shows a group photo of Lu Xun's family of three; in the right picture, the gauze on the left hand of the baby is bandaged by Lu Xun himself
When his son graduated from kindergarten with the first place, Lu Xun wrote a note in his diary with satisfaction. Once, the child was really naughty, Lu Xun used the newspaper rolled up as a "paper stick", pretended to be angry and gently patted the child a few times, and almost did not touch the child. Of course, children are not afraid at all. Instead, he said, "This kind of dad, what a dad!" ”
Some people say that Lu Xun doted on children, so Lu Xun wrote "Answering The Question": ruthlessness may not be really Haojie, how pitiful is not a husband. Those who know whether the wind is roaring or not, when they look back, they look smaller than sustenance.
The educational methods and attitudes towards his son reflect Lu Xun's concept of children's education. In fact, as early as before becoming a father, Lu Xun wrote a "How do we become a father now", he advocated that fathers should understand, guide and liberate their children. It is to give love, not grace.
Lu Xun is critical of China's consistent approach to education. He said: "As long as a Child in China is born, as long as there are many, it doesn't matter if he is talented or not." Those who gave birth to him did not have the responsibility to teach him. Although the phrase 'a large population' can be conceited with closed eyes, these many people only toss and turn in the dust, when they are young, they do not treat him as a person, and when they are old, they cannot be human. "It is a blessing for China to marry a wife, and it is also a blessing to have many sons." All children are only the material of his parents' blessings, not the germ of future 'people'... When you're older,...... As usual, it is the guy who makes the child, not the father of the 'man'. When he gave birth to a child, he was still not the germ of 'man'. "Because what we have in China is the father of our children, we will be the father of only 'people' in the future!" This is Lu Xun's ideal to make China a country composed of autonomous and conscious people, not slaves, and to make China a true "country of people."
* How does Lu Xun make friends? Wine is less than a thousand cups per confidant, and words are not speculative for more than half a sentence
Lu Xun has many friends, CCP leaders, celebrities and scholars, Chinese and foreign elites, Xinxin students, car sellers, merchants and peddlers, and co-workers' maids, Lu Xun can get along with each other kindly. Lu Xun's diary records more than 2,000 people, including nearly 300 Japanese people alone.
Lu Xun was a Kuomintang veteran, founder of the Communist Party, and a major figure in the new cultural movement
Wang Xirong said that Lu Xun's friendship is not self-familiar, and his communication method is generally: the first contact seems to be cold, and the conversation gate rises as soon as the door is opened.
Lu Xun has principles for making friends. He "introduced as comrades the faithful, foot-stomping, bloody strugglers for the survival of the present Chinese", and became intimate with young writers, making friends regardless of borders. But stick to the bottom line.
Lu Xun's left-wing cultural elite
In 1935, through the introduction of Uchiyama, Lu Xun became acquainted with the Japanese poet and art historian Mijiro Noguchi (1875-1947). Previously, Lu Xun had bought his famous book "Ukiyo-e Six Greats" and translated his article "Ailan Mood". However, during the conversation, lu xun rebuked him on the spot because he proposed that China should let Japan "trusteeship" like India did, and as a result, he broke up unhappily and never had friends.
Noguchi Yajiro (1875-1947) took a group photo with Lu Xun before the talks, still full of spring breeze, and in the blink of an eye, his sword was raging
Some friends become enemies because they have done something sorry for Lu Xun; once a friend becomes an enemy, they will never forgive; for example, Hu Shi, Xu Maoyong, and Zhou Yang. Some opponents, in some cases, misunderstand the ice release and can be transformed into friends. For example, Guo Moruo, Fu Donghua, and Cheng Fangwu. The premise of all changes is that Lu Xun takes lu xun as a friend of those who have really shed blood for the survival of the present Chinese.
For the son, for the husband, for the father, for the friend, for the teacher, in the era of the alternation of the old and the new, Lu Xun is in the complex social relations, played a variety of roles, his way of doing things is admirable, worth learning.
Today, when people look at Lu Xun and reduce it to an ordinary person, Lu Xun may be mean, suspicious, like to scold people, and be intolerant, but this is all due to the bottom line and principles that Lu Xun himself abides by. As a person with social influence, Wang Xirong believes that Lu Xun's soul is screaming on the one hand and wandering on the other. He "scolds", he criticizes, he dares to speak out; he is also bitter and thoughtful, and some people call him "the most painful soul of China in the 20th century". However, the soul that bears such deep pain still "has a little heat, a point of light, it is like a firework, and it can also emit a little light in the darkness, without waiting for the torch."
Generations of scholars have studied Lu Xun and interpreted Lu Xun from different dimensions, and Lu Xun is the "light" that follows the times and also leads the times forward. Outside the textbook, Lu Xun's meaning is no longer a flat text, but a three-dimensional, multi-faceted person, who teaches us a lot by word and deed. He said: "If there are still people in the world who really want to live, they should first dare to speak, dare to laugh, dare to cry, dare to be angry, dare to scold, dare to fight, and repel the cursed era in this cursed place!" ("Suddenly Thought of Five")
"Fight back the cursed era", like Lu Xun.