Shangguan Zhou was a famous folk painter in the early Qing Dynasty, and his most important work was a painting notation called "Evening Laughing Hall Painting Biography". This notation contains Shangguan Zhou's summary of figure painting, which became an introductory teaching material for painters to learn figure painting in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. Shangguan Zhou's painting techniques are relatively comprehensive, in addition to his ability to paint figures, his achievements in landscape painting are also very high. It is said that he also wrote a notation of the techniques of landscape painting, but unfortunately it has not been passed down. This "Snow Scene of Jiangshan" is a landscape painting created by Shangguan Zhou, which looks very similar to the court painting style in style. It is not surprising that Shangguan Zhou once had the opportunity to travel to the capital to work with court painters to complete the drawing of the Kangxi Southern Tour. With this experience, it is not surprising that his works exude wealth and magnificence.
Shangguan Zhou Jiangshan snow landscape map
Shangguan Zhou was a native of Fujian, born into a peasant family, and had been a cloth-clad commoner all his life, and even if he had the experience of entering the palace to create, he did not covet the powerful. Shangguan Zhou's painting "Snow Scene of Jiangshan" has a relatively small entry angle, and uses a lot of brush and ink to depict people's sense of participation. Fishing tree cultivation reads four types of people, because there are no old farmers in winter fallow paintings, and the other three types of characters are reflected. This kind of creative idea is still due to Shangguan Zhou's civilian status, he will not sing praises and praises in order to cater to the rich and powerful, in his view, each performing his duties and living and working in peace and contentment is the peace of the world.
The most famous work in the history of painting depicting snow landscapes is the Northern Song Dynasty Fan Kuan's "Snow Scene Cold Forest Map", which is considered to be a model for depicting snow scenes in winter, and is known as the "Hundred Generations Of Standards". The aesthetic angle of Shangguan Zhou is different from that of Fan Kuan, who pursues the rigor and standardization of realism, and Shangguan Zhou pursues the aesthetics and elegance of romanticism. Such a creative direction is deeply influenced by court painters, and it is difficult to say whose creative direction is correct, only that personal style is affected by the environment of the times.
Shangguan Zhou Jiangshan snow landscape map partial
Shangguan Zhou has the shadow of learning the style of court painting in composition and color setting. Due to the participation of Western missionaries in Qing Dynasty court painting, the fusion of Chinese and Western painting art initially appeared. The colors in Western painting are good at depicting solemn and noble textures, which is far from the color theory of pursuing freshness and elegance in the creation of Chinese paintings. After the fusion of the two different color points of view, it forms a plain and bright decorative beauty, and has a feeling of "high-grade gray" in the base color. This "Snow Scene of the Mountains" gives people a sense of elegance and nobility.
In the painting, Shangguan Zhou's self-titled ancient poem is written to send love, the ice and snow are solemn, and even the people in the painting are attracted by the snow scene, staring intently at the beautiful world and forgetting the passage of time. Shangguan Zhou used his delicate brushwork to depict the beauty of the mountains and rivers after the snow and the sun.
The ancients mostly learned painting for teachers to teach face to face plus students to copy, and lack of systematic painting learning materials. With the popularization and prosperity of engraving printing technology, printmaking in the Ming Dynasty has developed rapidly, and a number of artists such as Chen Hongshou have created works suitable for engraving into prints. This provided a technical basis for the publication of notation, and during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the "Mustard Garden Notation" was published in the world through engraving chromatic technology, which brought convenience to those who studied painting, and since then various notations have been published. Among them, the influence of one of the paintings is second only to the "Mustard Garden Painting Notation", which is the famous "Evening Laughter Hall Painting Biography". The author of this painting is Shangguan Zhou, who was born during the Kangxi Dynasty and died of illness during the Qianlong period, a native of Fujian, who is good at painting landscapes and figures. Shangguan Zhou was a civilian painter whose influence radiated throughout the country. Even the royal family asked him to cooperate with the famous artists at that time, Such as Wang Yuanqi and Wang Yi, to write a long volume of "Kangxi Southern Tour Map", naming the characters in Shangguan Zhou's paintings.
Shangguan Zhou Yao Island Xianju Map
In the early Qing Dynasty, landscape painting and flower and bird painting had leading figures, but the figure painting section was in decline, and in this case, Shangguan Zhou's works were particularly eye-catching. Especially after the engraving of the "Late Laughing Hall Painting Biography" compiled by him in his later years, it became a model for Qing Dynasty painters to learn figure painting to a certain extent. Shangguan Zhou's heirloom works are numerous, but the standard of painting is uneven, and this "Yao Island Xianju Map" is a masterpiece of his heirloom works. The painting combines the landscape and character techniques that Shangguan Zhou is best at, and depicts the elegant things of the four immortals on the immortal island in the sea who appreciate the painting and appreciate the ancients. The characters in the painting should be four of the Eight Immortals according to their character shape and costume characteristics, from right to left, lan caihe, Han Zhongli, Lü Dongbin and TieQiu Li. The Eight Immortals are gods and immortals in folklore and have a wide popularity, so they often appeared as the protagonists of figure paintings in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Shangguan Zhou Yao Island Xianju Map Partial
The landscapes and characters in Shangguan Zhou's "Map of the Immortal Residence of Yao Island" are very distinctive. The horizontal horizontal rubbing of the main part of the mountain rock looks very novel, in line with people's imagination of the unique fairy island. The character lines in the painting are drawn with iron thread gossamer, the lines are rigid and soft, especially the characters' clothing patterns appear both strong and elastic with the turning point of the body structure, and the figure paintings of Ren Bonian in the late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty are influenced by this style. Shangguan Zhou attaches great importance to the portrayal of characters, and the four people in the painting have different shapes and vivid and natural facial expressions. In order to highlight The character of Lü Dongbin's free flow, Shangguan Zhou exaggerated his face to make the overall shape of the character look tall and handsome.
"Yao Island Xianju Map" also has a unique feature in the color setting, the seawater mountain stone is dyed with ink, which looks fresh and unworldly. The characters in the painting are elegantly dressed, although they are based on folklore, but they reveal a detached literati atmosphere.
Shangguan Zhou was brilliant since childhood, diligent in his art, knowledgeable, good at poetry, calligraphy, seal carving, especially good at painting, and was a famous folk painter in the Qing Dynasty. His works include "Evening Laughing Hall Painting Biography" (hereinafter referred to as "Pictorial Biography"), "Qiao Gui Tu", "Luofu Mountain Map", "Pearl River Hanging Sail Map", "Taige Wind sound Map", "Shouxing Map", "Su Wu Mu Sheep Map", etc., especially the "Pictorial Biography" as a work passed down from generation to generation, he carefully portrayed 120 historical figures embroidered according to detailed historical materials and rich artistic ideas, which has a certain influence on future generations. For example, the "Legend of the Heroic Martyrs of embroidery" is selected from the "Ming Taizu Heroes" in the second volume of the "Portrait"; and the characters in the "Mustard Garden Painting Notation" are also imitated from the "Pictorial Biography". Lu Xun highly admired Shangguan Zhou and once purchased the "Painting Biography" to send to the woodcarver Alexeiv. In Japan's "History of Painting in China", a special article acknowledges the value and influence of "Pictorial Biography" and publishes the "Pictorial Biography" in a photocopied publication.
Shangguan Zhou's landscape paintings are also famous. In the Qing Dynasty, Dou Zhen called him "a good landscape, full of smoke, and a considerable ink halo." In the "Inscription Bamboo Zhuang "Luofu Mountain Map", Zha Shenxing has the sentence "Shangguan Shanren is now a tiger head", which compares Shangguan Zhou with Gu Kaizhi (tiger head) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Yang Lan praised Shangguan Zhou's poetry and paintings as "able to come out of their own minds, and in addition to cultivating the path, people are better than Ni Yunlin and Shen Shitian." The style of poetry is also picturesque. ”
Shangguan Zhou is the author of the "Evening Laughter Hall Poetry Collection", which is said to be his poetry in the painting, painting in the painting. For example, the second song of "Night Crossing the Bamboo Ridge": "The old knowledge of silkworm bushes is dangerous, and tonight I have passed through the night." A thousand plates of dreams, standing near the galaxy. White hair and other idle things, Aoyama Nai Old Ho. Sun Dengyu has a whistle, and the bamboo stick carries the cloud drag. "Walking in the air at night, the horror is not easy to move." The moon is full of clouds, and the wind is strong and the trees are xiaoxiao. The dark stone crouched like a tiger, and the smoke looked like a bridge. Did not listen to the deep valley rhyme, who believes that there is a Xiao Shao. "The poem not only expresses a heroic mood and the hardships of the world, but at the same time, it vividly depicts the strange artistic conception of crossing the mountains and mountains at night. In his life, he did not seek to be heard, did not attach to the magnates, and clothed all his life, and handed over to all the famous people of the world. In the poem, the scenery is lyrical and the poetry is spoken.
At the age of 79, Shangguan Zhou completed the heirloom work "Evening Laughing Hall Painting Biography", and later composed "Taige Wind sound map", the year of death is unknown.
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou Bingchen (1676) as Yanshan Lesson Zi Tu Vertical Axis
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou (1665~ 1749) Yu Yin Real Map Vertical Axis
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou character vertical axis
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou made a picture of the Rafting of Pengyan in 1725
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou in 1744 made a plum blossom Gaoshi tu vertical axis
Shangguan Zhou works Eight Immortals Diagram
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou Yanhai (1743) as Tao Ling wine appreciation picture mirror heart
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou dead tree raptor vertical axis
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou umbrella man returned to the figure vertical axis
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou Qing Dynasty landscape figure hand scroll
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Wednesday old figure vertical axis
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou Guan Chao tu hand scroll
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou Taibai drunken return to the mirror heart
Shangguan Zhou works
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou sits on a vertical axis of reading figures
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou landscape vertical axis
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou cold window qing class vertical axis
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou landscape character vertical axis
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou Bingwu (1726) as a landscape vertical axis
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou in 1731 made a taibai drunken figure vertical axis
Shangguan Zhou works Shangguan Zhou thin stone sparse forest vertical axis