In 1161, the Yangtze River was covered with war clouds, on the one hand, the Jin army led by Guanyan Liang, who was determined to unify the world, and on the other hand, wanted to defend the family and defend the country, and then recover the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty in the Central Plains. The two sides went straight to war without much testing. In this battle, the Gunpowder weapons of the Song Dynasty exerted great power and destroyed a million male divisions of Yan Liang. This battle also ended Yan Liang's life, and he became the second Jian Jian. This battle changed the status of the Southern Song Dynasty and also changed the fate of the Jin Dynasty. One thing that has been overlooked is that after this war, the Southern Song Dynasty lost its best opportunity to recover the Central Plains.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" >, the ambition of the perfect yanliang - shaking the mountains and rivers</h1>
Since the "Shaoxing Peace Conference", the situation of confrontation between Song and Jin has been formed. However, the Song-Jin confrontation was an unequal confrontation, and the Southern Song Dynasty had to pay tribute to the Jin Dynasty and became a vassal of the Jin Kingdom. In order to control the politics of the Southern Song Dynasty as much as possible, the Jin State threatened Emperor Gaozong of Song with the old emperor Song Qinzong and supported pro-Jin elements such as Qin Ju, so that the Southern Song Dynasty became a puppet of the Jin State.
In 1155, Qin Ju died, but the general policy of reducing gold and seeking peace was not changed, and Qin Juniper's henchmen still controlled the left and right sides of the imperial court. Emperor Gaozong of Song himself did not intend to change the basic policy of the state, for example, he resolutely did not rehabilitate Yue Fei and maintained his vassal status as a vassal of the Jin State in exchange for the power of stealing peace.
In fact, Song Qinzong also died in 1156, but the Jin side blocked the news.
Song Gaozong only wanted to steal peace, after all, the water town in Jiangnan was too gentle and made people linger. The poet Lin Sheng of the Southern Song Dynasty satirized in the "Title Lin'an Residence": "The outer building of the Qingshan Building outside the mountain, the Song and Dance of the West Lake rest for a while." The warm wind smoked tourists drunk, straight to Hangzhou as a beizhou. ”
Gangnam, does this still need to be doubted? However, after 1160, Emperor Gaozong of Song may not be able to keep even half of Jiangnan, because the new emperor of the Jin Dynasty, Guanyan Liang, wanted to unify the world. In 1148, Wu Shu, the chancellor of the Jin Dynasty, died, and Yan Liang was appointed as the Right Chancellor. The following year, he staged a coup d'état, killing Kim Hee-jong and becoming emperor of the Jin Dynasty. With power in his hands, he began to pursue his own hegemonic plan. He exerted great efforts to govern, promoted Sinicization, moved the capital to Yanjing, and established the orthodox status of the Jin Dynasty.
Although Yan Liang is a Jurchen, she loves Han culture and is also very longing for Jiangnan. According to folklore, he read Liu Yong's "Looking at the Sea Tide", admired the "Three Autumn Guizi, Ten Mile Lotus", and raised the ambition to cross the river. In his poems, Yan Liang also unabashedly expresses his ambition for unification: "The dragon lurks in the hidden waves and mixes with the shrimp and toads." Wait for the head to shake the mountains and rivers. ”
In the past, we always thought about the problem from the perspective of the Southern Song Dynasty, believing that the southward movement of the Jin Dynasty was an invasion. Thinking about the problem from another angle, since the Southern Song Dynasty had been reduced to a vassal, he had lost his orthodox qualifications. The Jin Dynasty occupied the Central Plains and promoted Sinicization, which also inherited the great unification. After Yan Liang's relocation of the capital to Yanjing and the conquest of the Southern Song Dynasty, was not it precisely for the unification of the whole country?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="18" > two, throw the whip south crossing, and finish Yan Liang to "raise troops on the Million West Lake"</h1>
In 1161, Yan Liang established the strategy of the Southern Song Dynasty, moved the capital to Kaifeng, actively prepared for war, and announced the death of Song Qinzong. The news reached the Southern Song Dynasty, and the government and the opposition shook. In May of that year, the Jin Dynasty sent emissaries to the Southern Song Dynasty to claim the land north of jiangsu. Emperor Gaozong of Song finally understood that the purpose of the Jin Dynasty was to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty, so he made a series of arrangements in a hurry.
In March of that year, Chen Kangbo of the Anti-Japanese Resistance faction was promoted to zuoxiang. However, at this time, Emperor Gaozong of Song still had luck and constantly sent emissaries to the Jin Kingdom to intercede. When the envoys confirmed that the Jin dynasty was preparing for the war, Emperor Gaozong of Song appointed Wu Xuan as an envoy from Xuanfu in Sichuan, in charge of the western defensive line; Cheng Min as an envoy to western Beijing and Hubei to defend the middle reaches of the Yangtze River; Liu Kun as an envoy to jiangsu, Huai, and western Zhejiang, responsible for the defense of the eastern front; and Li Baoren as deputy governor of western Zhejiang, commanding the water division.
The characters used this time are all famous generals of the main battle faction. For example, Wu Xuan, the younger brother of Wu Jiu, defended against Western Xia in his early years and later against Jin Bing, and was known for his bravery. During the period when Wu Jiu and Wu Xuan were defending Sichuan, they repeatedly defeated the Jin army and preserved the western defense line of the Southern Song Dynasty.
The most famous is Liu Kun, who grew up with his father in the conquest, in the early Southern Song Dynasty, Zhen defended Longyou, participated in the Battle of Fuping, and later defeated Yan Zongbi's army in the Battle of Shunchang, and assisted Yue Fei in the Northern Expedition. However, after the Shaoxing Peace Conference, Liu Kun was dismissed from military power and depressed. This time, Liu Qi was already old, but he issued a bold word to the soldiers to recover Kaifeng.
Subsequently, Yan Liang sent 3 large armies, a total of about 400,000 troops to the south. Among them, there were 50,000 Western Route Army, mainly attacking Sichuan; 20,000 Middle Route Army attacking the middle reaches of the Yangtze River; and the Eastern Route Army was the main force, a total of 320,000 troops, attacking the Jianghuai area and trying to take Hangzhou in one fell swoop.
In order to deal with the main force of Yan Liang, Liu Kai took measures to strengthen the wall and clear the wilderness, and also wrote the big characters "Complete Yan Liang died here" on the local wall to show his heart of death. However, when the king in charge of the defense of Huaixi heard that the main force of the Jin state was about to arrive, he immediately crossed the river and fled south, and the Jin soldiers occupied the north of the river, as if entering no man's land. Therefore, Emperor Gaozong of Song hurriedly ordered Liu Kun to return to the army to defend the river.
Liu Kun immediately withdrew to Yangzhou, but found that Yangzhou was appeased so that Liu Ze was not even fortified, and the residents of Yangzhou fell out of the city, the situation was very chaotic, and Liu Kun could only abandon Yangzhou and retreat to Guazhou. Soon after the Vanguard of the Jin Soldiers arrived, Liu Kun set up an ambush in the forest and repelled the first wave of the Jin Soldiers' attack. However, Liu Kun was too sick to continue commanding the battle due to his old age. Soon, the imperial court replaced Liu Kui with Ye Yiwen.
After Jin Bing occupied Yangzhou, yan Liang wrote a poem "Southern Expedition to Weiyang WangjiangZuo": "Wanli Che shu yao is mixed, is there a different frontier in Jiangnan?" Raise troops on the West Lake, and immediately the first peak of Wu Mountain. However, Guan Yanliang did not notice that the war situation was quietly changing.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="36" > three, the Jin Dynasty civil unrest, the Southern Song Dynasty missed the opportunity of the Northern Expedition</h1>
After he came to power, he killed the children of the imperial family and the ministers of the clan on a large scale, resulting in serious contradictions within the Jin Dynasty. This time, Yan Liang poured all his strength into the Southern Song Dynasty, but he was still pro-conquest, which could not ensure the stability of the rear. In October of Yan Liang's southern expedition, Yan Liangzhi's brother Yan Yong (Jin Shizong) took the opportunity to claim the throne in Liaoyang, Tokyo, and the Jin civil war seemed to be about to break out.
At this time, the best choice for Yan Liang was to immediately stop the southern expedition and lead the army to the north to fight Yan Yong. However, Yan Liang seemed to be very confident in this war, and he wanted to conquer the Southern Song Dynasty first, and then turn around and eliminate Yan Yong. However, he overestimated himself.
After the Southern Song army retreated to Jiangnan, it was reorganized by Ye Yiwen and the staff officer Yu Yunwen. At that time, the Southern Song Dynasty sailors did not dare to participate in the war, and Yu Yunwen organized the militia of Dangtu to participate in the war. As soon as the defense was organized, Yan Liang's army was killed, "hundreds of ships came from the river, and seventy ships arrived on the south bank in an instant, and the Song army was thin." The Song army fought to the death under the leadership of Yu Yunwen and eventually repelled the Jin soldiers. In this battle, the Song army killed 4,000 enemies and captured hundreds of ships. After the war, Yu Yunwen speculated that the Jin soldiers would make a comeback, so he set up an ambush on the river. The next day, the Jin soldiers did launch another battle to cross the river, and the result was that more than 300 ships were lost.
This battle, historically known as the "Battle of Quarrying", was named because it took place in the Yangtze River Quarry Rock. After the defeat at the Battle of Quarry, Yan Liang moved his army to Yangzhou and prepared to cross the river from Yangzhou. He ordered that the army must cross the Yangtze River within three days. The previous quarrying battle had already shaken the hearts of the army, and now the completion of Yan Liang accelerated the war, causing people to panic, so many generals defected to Finish Yan Yong, the army was scattered, and Finish Yan Liang was bound to lose. At that time, there was Yelü Yuanyi who instigated the fire and rebelled. In late November, Yan Liang was killed by rebels at Guishan Temple outside Yangzhou, and the Jin army retreated, officially ending the war.
In fact, at that time, it was also the best opportunity for the Southern Song Dynasty to recover the Central Plains. Due to the juxtaposition of the two lords of Finished Yan Liang and Finished Yan Yong, chaos occurred frequently in Jin. The Khitans in linhuang province, the khitan homeland, launched an independence movement, established the state as emperor, and repeatedly defeated the Jin soldiers. The former Song people in the Central Plains also launched uprisings in an attempt to restore the rule of the Song Dynasty. The famous lyricist Xin Abandoned Disease participated in the Gengjing Uprising in Shandong and killed the traitor Zhang Anguo. In 1162, Xin abandoned the disease and went south to surrender to the Southern Song Dynasty, asking the Southern Song Dynasty to send troops to the Northern Expedition.
On the Jin side, in order to stabilize the Southern Song Dynasty, it also sent heavy ministers to visit the two Song Dynasties. Jin Shizong said, "If the Southern Song Dynasty takes advantage of the false attack on me, the country will be in danger." However, Song Gaozong was originally a fearless monarch, and in the face of such a great opportunity, Song Gaozong actually accepted the request of the Jin Dynasty for peace. As a result, Kim Sejong was able to put an all-out effort to extinguish the Khitan restoration movement. After that, under the administration of Jin Shizong, the Jin Kingdom entered a prosperous state of "the rule of Dading", and the Southern Song Dynasty completely lost the opportunity to recover the Central Plains.
Of course, the battle of quarrying also brought a lot of benefits to the Southern Song Dynasty. The biggest advantage was that the status of the Southern Song Dynasty was improved, and it no longer claimed subjection to the Jin Dynasty, and the two countries turned to a more equal relationship. However, the Southern Song Dynasty still needed to pay the annual coins of the Golden Kingdom. In 1162, Emperor Gaozong of Song died and Emperor Xiaozong of Song succeeded to the throne, and the Southern Song Dynasty entered a period of stable development.