Zhao Lin (12th century AD), a native of Luoyang (present-day Luoyang, Henan), whose year of birth and death is unknown, served in the Sejong Dynasty (1162-1189) and was good at painting people and horses. The contemporaries of the Jin Dynasty were more skilled at painting horses, such as Yang Bangji, Yan Yungong, etc., and there were very few works circulated, and Zhao Lin's "Zhaoling Six Juntu Scrolls" is a rare masterpiece. This picture is based on the stone carvings of the Six Juns of Zhaoling, which is not only faithful to the vivid and heroic style of the stone carvings, but also plays the specialty of painting, the muscles are round and fat, the mane is scattered and flying, the mouth and nose are carefully depicted, the image is vivid, and each section of the picture scroll is praised by the Jin Dynasty calligrapher Zhao Bingwen, and then there is Zhao Yibao.
Zhaoling Liujun Bluestone relief stone carving
The so-called "Zhaoling Six Horses" refers to the six war horses of Emperor Taizong of Tang Andi Li Shimin. In the Tang Kaiguo War, they successively rode out to fight for their masters, fell into battle and destroyed the enemy, and made meritorious contributions. After Li Shimin ascended the throne, he began to build a mausoleum for himself, and in the tenth year of Zhenguan, he issued an edict to carve the heroic posture of the six horses on a stone screen and inlaid it in the northern que of zhaoling. At the same time, he personally wrote a praise speech, recording the horse's name, skin color, passenger time, arrow sores and temperament, in order to show the recognition and remembrance of the six horses.
Sà dew purple
Se Ziyan, an arrow in the chest, was used by Li Shimin when he defeated Wang Shichong in the eastern capital. The man who was leading the war horse and drawing arrows was called Qiu Xinggong, and only this work of the Six Juns was inscribed with characters and deeds. According to the "New Book of Tang Dynasty Qiu Xinggong Biography", in 621 AD, the Tang army and Wang Shichong's army fought a decisive battle in Luoyang, Li Shimin's attendant Qiu Xinggong, Xiao Yong was good at riding and shooting, in the battle of Luoyang' Mountain, Li Shimin once rode on the lulu purple, personally tested the other side's false reality, and with dozens of horses rushed out of the position to confront the enemy, the horses of the entourage were scattered, and only Qiu Xinggong followed. The young and vigorous Li Shimin was able to kill, lost contact with the rear, and was surrounded by enemy groups. Suddenly, Wang Shichong chased after him, and the arrow shot at the chest of "Salu Zi", at a critical moment, fortunately, Qiu Xinggong rushed to the rescue, he turned around and opened his bow to shoot four times, the arrows were not false, and the enemy did not dare to advance. Then, Qiu Xinggong immediately jumped off his horse, gave the imperial horse Salu Zi an arrow, and gave up his mount to Li Shimin, and then charged on foot with a knife, beheaded several people, and returned in a surprise position. To this end, Tang Taizong specially carved his heroic image on the Zhaoling Tomb.
Qiu Xinggong had a curly beard, a handsome and mighty appearance, wore a battle robe, a hood on his head, a saber and a quiver around his waist, and made a posture of bowing down to draw arrows for horses, reproducing the scene at that time. Emperor Taizong's praise for Salu Zi was: "Purple Swallow ChaoYue, Bone Teng Shenjun, Qi Yu Sanchuan, Wei Ling Eight Arrays".
Fist Hair (guā)
This is a black-billed yellow horse with a spinning hair, six arrows in the front and three arrows in the back, which was used by Li Shimin when he pacified Liu Heimin. Liu Heimin was originally a general of Li Mi in Wagangzhai in the late Sui Dynasty, but after Dou Jiande's defeat, he occupied Jiuzhou County in the Xia Kingdom and colluded with the Turks to claim to be the King of Eastern Han, but was later defeated and defeated by Li Shimin. In 622, Li Shimin led the Tang army to fight liu heimin in the area of present-day Quzhou, Hebei. When the main force of Liu's army crossed the river, the Tang army broke the dam from upstream, took the opportunity to cover up and kill, and won the victory. The fist hair on the stone carving has 9 arrows in his body, indicating the fierceness of this battle. Tang Taizong praised it: "The moon essence presses the rim, the pegasus crosses the sky, the arc is loaded with arrows, and the atmosphere is clear." Since this war, the Tang Dynasty's great cause of unifying China has been declared complete.
White-hoofed crow
Pure black, all four hooves white, for Li Shimin when he pacified Xue Rengao. Xue Rengao was the son of Xue Ju, who claimed to be Emperor Qin in present-day Lanzhou in the early Tang Dynasty. Xue Ju once led an army to attack Tang and seek to take Chang'an, but he did not succeed in illness and died. His son continued to threaten the Tang dynasty with troops east of Gansu, but was later defeated by Li Shimin and surrendered.
In 618, the Tang army first occupied Guanzhong, and its foothold was unstable. Xue Ju and Xue Rengao, who had divided the area around Lanzhou and Tianshui, attacked in a big way and competed with the Tang army for Guanzhong. Two months after the confrontation, Li Shimin looked at the fighter plane, used a small number of troops to directly contain and lure the enemy, and personally led the main force to directly attack the enemy's rear, causing the Xue army to retreat in chaos. Li Shimin took the opportunity to pursue, urging the white-hoofed wu to lead the way, chasing after him with his tail, and galloping for more than 200 miles a day and night, forcing Xue Rengao to surrender.
The stone carving "White Hoof Wu" is angry, the four hooves are in the air, and the mane is facing the wind, just like the wind galloping on the Loess Plateau. Emperor Taizong of Tang gave it a hymn: "Rely on the heavenly sword, chase the wind and foot; tower the flat dragon, return to the saddle and settle the Shu." ”
Teller (biāo)
The white beak of the yellow horse is slightly black, and the coat color is yellow and white, so it is called "Fat", "Teller" is the official name of the Turkic tribe, which may be a gift from a Turkic Teller.
In 619, Li Shimin rode on this horse to fight against Song Jingang, and history records: In the early Tang Dynasty, the world was undecided, Song Jingang fell into Huanzhou (in present-day Shanxi), the soldiers were very sharp, and the "special service" carried Li Shimin bravely into the enemy position in this battle, engaged dozens of rounds in a day and night, fought eight hard battles in a row, and established meritorious achievements. Tang Taizong praised it as follows: "We should take the air and accept the voice of the half-Han; the natural danger destroys the enemy, and takes advantage of the danger to help the enemy." It was taken advantage of by Li Shimin when he pacified Song Jingang.
Qingxiao (zhuī)
Pale and variegated, which was taken advantage of by Li Shimin when he pacified Dou Jiande.
Dou Jiande was originally a general under the Sui army, and it is said that he was also Li Shimin's maternal uncle, who took advantage of the chaos to claim to be the king of Xia. At that time, the Tang army held the Tiger Prison Pass and occupied favorable terrain. Taking advantage of the fact that the enemy had been in line for a long time and was hungry and tired, Li Shimin ordered a full-scale counterattack, personally led a strong horse, broke into the enemy position, and captured Dou Jiande in one fell swoop. The green horses in the stone carvings are galloping, and the horse's body is hit by five arrows, all of which are shot head-on during the charge, but most of them are shot at the back of the horse, which shows the speed of the horse's galloping.
Tang Taizong's praise for it was: "Footlight movie, divine chance, Cezi flying training, set my clothes." The first three sentences describe the horse's swiftness and breeziness, and the latter sentence tells the crucial significance of this battle.
Shí Vachi
Shivachi, "Shiva" is a transliteration of the Persian word for "horse", which is a red horse from Persia, pure red, and is also Li Shimin's mount when he fought Against Wang Shichong and Dou Jiande in Luoyang and Hu prison pass. Wang Shichong was a native of the Western Regions, and in the late Sui and early Tang dynasties, he called himself King Zheng, and according to Luoyang, he was friendly with Dou Jiande. When Li Shimin attacked Wang Shichong, Wang asked Dou for help, but was defeated by Li Shimin. The horse on the stone carving flew through the air, and was hit by five arrows, all on the horse's hips, one of which was shot from behind, and it could be seen that he was injured in the charge. Emperor Taizong of Tang praised the words" "Jian Mo Jing, Axe Shen Wei, Zhu Khan Chengzu, Qing Jing Kai Gui." In this major battle, Li Shimin was born and died, suffered three casualties on warhorses, and basically completed the great cause of reunification, and "Qingjing Kaigui" revealed his excitement.
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