Deep-sea fish, belonging to more than a dozen families, is characterized by a large mouth, large eyes, and light emitters in one or more parts of the body. Osteichthyes fish found in the depths of the oceans are usually below 600 to 2,700 m (2,000 to 9,000 ft). Luminaries are used both to trap prey and to lure mates.
1. Appearance characteristics
It belongs to more than ten families, characterized by a large mouth, large eyes, and a light emitter in one or more parts of the body. Illuminators are used both to trap prey and to lure mates.
Deep-sea fish evolved to adapt to extremely stressful, extremely cold and dark living environments and developed these special habits. The habitat of deep-sea fish is the most special in the world. Because competition in the deep sea is not as fierce as in the shore or shallow sea, many primitive taxa have survived to this day. The most important groups of deep-sea fish are deep-sea droop fishing, vipers and fish. The deep-sea weeping fishing genus Ceratioidei traps prey by shaking the spines of the spines of the vertebral fins as bait; the vipers belong to the Family Chauliodontidae, which has many pinched teeth and is a formidable predatory fish; and the genus Gonostomatidae, the largest number of fish in the world.
2. Product benefits
Deep-sea fish live in deep-sea areas below 100 meters, so their fishing method can only be pelagic deep-sea trawls
Or hook up the catch, then catch it on the boat and freeze it in time. And because its main components are protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids, it will not lead to nutrient loss in the preservation state of minus 18 degrees Celsius, the freshness and quality of gas can be well preserved, and compared with freshwater fish and offshore fish, deep-sea fish are less likely to be polluted by contemporary industry. Since deep-sea fish are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and minerals. Such as calcium, iron, zinc and other trace elements, but also contains vitamin a.b.c, etc., so it has the following benefits for human health.
Reduces the risk of heart disease
The omega-3 fatty acids in deep-sea fish can effectively control coronary heart disease
Lowers cholesterol
The polyunsaturated fatty acids in deep-sea fish carry cholesterol away from the blood vessels, thereby reducing the amount of cholesterol in the body
Lowers blood lipids
The polyunsaturated fatty acids in deep-sea fish can continuously reduce blood lipid levels
Brain-building and brain-friendly
The DHA contained in deep-sea fish can promote the development of healthy vision and the development of human brain and intelligence, and is also an indispensable nutrient for the growth of the nervous system
Helps with development and improves immunity
Deep-sea fish is rich in protein and minerals, has a balanced nutrition, can regulate the water balance in the body, improve immunity, help wound recovery and healing.
Reduce cigarette hazards
The amino acids contained in deep-sea fish meat can curb arteriosclerosis and reduce the likelihood of heart disease and stroke in smokers
3. How to eat
Orange snapper
Sweet and sour orange spiny snapper
Ingredients: orange snapper, carrot, jujube
Ingredients: salt, monosodium glutamate, sugar, white vinegar, tomato paste, aged vinegar, soy sauce, green onion, ginger
Directions: Remove the scales of the fish and remove the internal organs, and change the cross knife flower. Heat the oil in the pan, fry the fish until golden brown, eight minutes cooked, then add the green onion ginger, tomato sauce, lightly fry for a while, add water, salt, MSG, add the right amount of sugar, white vinegar, a little aged vinegar, simmer for a while, a little soup can be. The color is reddish.
Taste: Sweet and sour, tender meat
Dolly fish
Homemade dolly fish
Ingredients: doritious fish, pork with three layers of flowers
Ingredients: Salt, MSG, chicken powder, beef powder, green onion, ginger, garlic, suzi leaves, sugar, tree pepper, seafood soy sauce, dark soy sauce
Directions: Remove the scales of the fish, change to a cross deep knife flower, put oil in the pot, add pork belly slices, stir-fry, then add the fish until golden brown, add seafood soy sauce, old soup and various spices, simmer until the soup is a little
Palate: slightly sweet, slightly spicy, slightly fragrant
Silver cod
Fragrant fried silver cod steak
Ingredients: silver cod, breadcrumbs, eggs, white noodles
Ingredients: Salt, MSG, chicken powder, sugar, tomato sauce, white vinegar, cooking wine
Directions: Descale the fish and cut into thick slices. Marinate with salt, monosodium glutamate, chicken powder, cooking wine for 10 minutes, then pat the flour, spread the egg juice, and pat the breadcrumbs. Put the oil in the pan and burn it to maturity, add the fillets of the breadcrumbs, fry until golden brown, change the knife into strips, put it on the plate, and soak the tomato juice when eating
Tomato juice method: sugar or two, vinegar 10 grams, orange juice 10 grams, tomato sauce 15 grams, put a small amount of water to boil evenly
Palate: Sweet and sour, crispy on the outside and tender on the inside
Argentine red shrimp
Braised Argentine red shrimp
Ingredients: Argentine red shrimp
Ingredients: salt, sugar, tomato sauce
Method: Cook the red shrimp in boiling water, heat the oil in the pot, then lightly fry with tomato sauce, add the right amount of water, add salt, sugar, and simmer until the soup is viscous
Taste: tender and delicious, bright color, rich in nutrition
4. Type
The main species of deep-sea fish are tiger spot, green spot, pink spot, after-weight fish, maga fish, dividend fish and so on.
The most seen in the restaurant is the grouper, which in turn contains sesame spots, sea tabby, oil spots, green spots, eastern star spots, Eight kilometers under the North Pacific scallop sea, Antarctic orange seabream, Antarctic red shrimp and so on more than ten species, these fish are groupers, but the appearance is far apart. The East Star Spot is the big beauty in the grouper, the fiery red fish scales, with the blue and blue star dots, the production is not large, so it is very expensive, mostly in three or five hundred yuan a pound. Tiger spotted with white tiger skin stripes, the flesh is white and tender, and it is very delicious to eat. There are also some spotted fish that look very ugly, such as the boss fish often said in the northern seafood restaurant, the whole body is uneven, it is really unbearable to witness. But this fish is not moving, crawling on the bottom of the water all day, the eyes never drip and turn, it looks very calm, hence the name. In addition, the most common is the partial mouth fish, also divided into left mouth fish, multi-treasure fish and so on. This kind of fish is flat and not good-looking, but it is like a large butterfly when swimming in the water.
The gestures are beautiful. The most expensive fish in the seafood pond is Su Mei, Su Mei is divided into large Su Mei, small Su Mei, the weight of the big Su Mei can reach eight or nine pounds; the production of small Su Mei is extremely low, and the price can be as high as 600-800 yuan per kilogram. Seafood restaurants can also see small fish species such as silver marlin, sand tip fish, yellow crucian carp, small yellow croaker and silver pomfret, which are produced in large quantities, and most of them are chilled products, and the price is very cheap. But their flesh is snow white, delicate, and delicious to eat, but it is said that they can be caught in moderation, so we can eat really fresh yellow croaker again.
Line eel family
Section name: Nemichthyidae
Geographical distribution: Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans
Depth distribution: mesopelagic and deep seafloor
Features: The snout is extremely elongated, and the lower jaw of mature males is shorter than the upper jaw and cannot be closed. The eyes are largely pectoral fins, with the dorsal, and caudal fins connected together. The number of vertebrae in the genus Labrichthys and Avocettina ranges from 170 to 220, while the number of vertebrae in the genus Nemichthys exceeds 750
Others: There are 9 species in 3 genera worldwide, and a total of 1 genera and 1 species have been found in Taiwan as of 2013. Commonly known as the line eel is because the body length is as slender as an eel, but it is thinner than the body of the eel, as slender as a line
Ferret family
Section name: Ophidiidae
Geographical distribution: Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans
Depth distribution: Mesoth and deep seafloor
Features: The dorsal fin is longer than or equally long as the fin, and the anus and fins are located below the end of the pectoral fin. Scaly, many species have spines on the gill lid. The largest species, Lamprogrammus shcherbachevi (Hispanic softweed), can grow up to 2 m.
Others: There are 218 species in 47 genera worldwide, which can be found from 100m to 2000m on the seabed, and in the deep sea, even the eyes degenerate to no or only flaps.
Traces, many changes in appearance but are benthic fish, belonging to a widespread family.
Flintaceae
Section name: Trachichthyidae
Deep Sea Fish (4)
Depth distribution: Deep seafloor
Features: Orbital sphenoid bone, ventral fin 1 hard spine, soft bar 6-7, dorsal fin hard spine 3-8, soft bar 10-19, fin hard spine 2-3, soft bar 8-12. The abdomen is scaly. Scales vary considerably between species, with some species having light emitters, which can grow up to 55 cm in length.
Zygotegillidae
Section name: Synaphobranchidae
Features: The gill foramen are located below the body before the pectoral fins, and a few pectoral fins are degenerated. The number of vertebrae is 110-205.
Neo-lantern fish family
Section name: Neoscopelidae
Features: Flattened body, elongated upper jawbone and composed of three cartilages, without the undercum bone. The fin starts away from the dorsal fin. Some species have emitters. Most are round scales while Solivomer is a genus of ctenophores, while Scopelengys does not have a swim bladder, and everyone else has a swim bladder. The number of vertebrae in the spine is 29-35 and the maximum can reach 30 cm.
Lanternfish family
Section name: Myctophidae
Deep-sea fish
Geographical distribution: worldwide
Features: The adipose fin is supported by a disc of cartilage with an underclinic bone. The fin starts below or slightly behind the dorsal fin. The head and body have a whole row or several groups of illuminators, only one does not have. Most are round scales and four of them are ctenophores, all of which have maws and vertebrae number 28-45.
However, it is about 5 cm small and is an important predator for other carnivorous fish in the ocean. Many studies have confirmed that it has a daily vertical migration situation, the migration distance is even more than hundreds of meters, and the abundance distribution is up to 300 to 1200 m during the day and up to 10 to 100 m at night.
Blackheads
Section name: Alepocephalidae
Features: Small teeth with many gill rakers and long lengths. The number of gill cap fins is 5-13. Many species live in a water layer of more than 1000 m.
Red-billed cetaceans
Section name: Rondeletiidae
Features: Head box shape, smooth skin surface. The lateral line is a combination of 14-26 vertical sensory holes. There are 3 cartilages in the caudal region and 24-27 vertebrae in the spine.
Juvenile cod family
Section name: Moridae
Depth distribution: Benthic
Features: One or two of the dorsal fins are three, and the fins are one or two. The lower jaw must be present or absent, if with fine teeth. The swim bladder is connected to the otolith to collect sound.
Silver-eyed snapper
Section name: Diretmidae
Features: No lateral lines, no spines on the dorsal and fins. The dorsal fin has 24 soft strips and the fin has 19-22 soft strips. The abdomen has scales. The number of vertebrae is 20-32, and the longest can reach 37 cm.
Broad-throated fish family
Section name: Eurypharyngidae
Features: The gill foramen is small and the distance from the snout is longer than the distance from the anus. The number of gill bones is 5, and the number of free bones of internal organs is 6. The mouth is very large, the teeth are small, and the pectoral fins are not obvious.
Marine lizard fish family
Section name: Halosauridae
Features: The anterior upper jawbone and maxilla are toothed, the dorsal fin is in front of the anus, and there are 9-13 soft strips without hard spines. The concave lateral line extends throughout the body, while the larger lateral line holes of the scales are on both sides of the body, about 30 lateral line scales.
Hearthhorax fish family
Section name: Ipnopidae
Features: Small or degenerated into discoid eyes. No pyloric droop, dorsal fin soft strips 8-16, fin soft strips 7-19, pectoral fin soft strips 9-24. With gills 8–17 and vertebrae 44–80, Bathypterois 18 species in this genus have elongated pectoral fins, ventral fins and caudal fins.
Forthrodidae
Section name: Melamphaidae
Geographical distribution: except the Mediterranean Sea and the Arctic overseas oceans
Depth distribution: Deep seafloor
Features: The dorsal fin has 1-3 small spines, the pectoral fin has 1 hard spine, and 6-8 soft strips. The caudal fin has 3-4 spines at the front. It has round scales, large scales but easy to fall off. There is no lateral line or only 1-2 lateral line holes, and the number of vertebrae is 24-31.
Dorsal spinosaurs
Section name: Notacanthidae
Features: Lateral lines are raised on both sides, with small scales, at least 50 or more per column. Some species of ventral fins have 3 spine-like fins. It feeds on benthic animals ( such as polychaetes and coelenterates ) and on planktonic crustaceans. Females are larger than males , and larger narrow-headed juveniles may belong to this family.
Cetaceae
Section name: Cetomimidae
Features: The epidermis is not scaled, the eyes are small or degenerate into marks. Gill rakers 3 or 4, without luminescent devices, have sunken tissues only around the anus, dorsal and fins. The number of vertebrae is 38-59. The body surface color is brown or orange-red at birth.
Subfamily Cystaceae
Section name: Setarchidae
Features: The dorsal fins of the Scorpene family have hard spines 11-13, some of which are toxic, while this subfamily is characterized by continuous grooves in the lateral line, rounded scales, and inconspicuous lower orbital ridges.
Turbot family
Section name: Bothidae
Depth distribution: Benthic
Features: Most species have two eyes on the left side of the body. The fins do not have stiff spines, and the dorsal fin starts above or in front of the eye. The dorsal and fins are not connected to the caudal fins, and the anus is on the blind side. The yolk has a small oil ball, and most species have economic value.
5. Nutrition
According to research by the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Tokyo, the protein content of deep-sea fish is the same as that of ordinary marine fish, but the lipid content is generally less, so deep-sea fish is a low-fat and high-protein food. The essential amino acid composition of its protein is roughly the same as that of bonito, mackerel, sardines, etc., all of which are complete proteins.
6. Development research
Taiwan's past research on fish has focused on the classification of coral reef fish and their economic fish along the coast and their biological correlation, while the collection and research of deep-sea fish is relatively lacking, mainly because there is no vessel and net gear that can collect deep-sea fish, and only a few of the miscellaneous catches found in some bottom tugs that can be towed up to 600-700 meters. The Institute of Zoology of the Academia Sinica purchased an additional 10,000 meters of steel cables, which were installed on the Ocean I research vessel under the guidance of French MUSICOM to enable beam trawl and otter trawl operations to reach thousands of meters deep on the seabed. In addition, we have also designed and produced our own meso-net (IKMT), so that the study of deep-sea organisms is no longer limited to the collection of benthic fish, in the past five voyages in the past year, a total of more than 150 species of deep-sea fish have been caught, including: rattail cod, megalodon, pleated pectoral fish, cartilaginous fish, deep-sea trout suborder and so on. In addition to the individual introduction of the above four major groups, we have selected a total of 18 families of other strange-looking deep-sea fish in this exhibition, and we will also make a comprehensive introduction here.