Expert of this article: Wang Silu, National Senior Food Inspector, Internal Auditor of HACCP Food System of the People's Republic of China
This article was reviewed by Shaowei Liu, Deputy Director and Professor of the Food and Drug Regulatory Research Center of East China University of Science and Technology
This National Day holiday, in addition to tasting seasonal crabs, what aquatic products have you also eaten, and have you eaten fish?
Su Shi has a poetic cloud: raising a net to exclaim a giant fish, saliva is not easy to bear the crisp. Everyone knows that the ancients were very traditional in eating pork, in fact, the custom of eating fish is even older, there is an idiom called "hot population", of which the words "脍" and "hot" are "the cooking methods of the ancients to eat fish".
Fish is a kind of delicious food that everyone prefers from ancient times to the present, the nutrition of fish, melted in the tip of the tongue, when safety and delicious meet together, I hope you know some things.
Wild fish are more expensive and more nutritious than farmed fish?
The species of fish sold on the market are different, we can simply divide the fish into wild fish and farmed fish, from the price point of view, the price of wild fish is always higher than that of farmed fish, so everyone always thinks that "wild fish are more nutritious than farmed fish". However, this may not be the case.
The reason why wild fish are more expensive than farmed fish is because of the cumbersome salvage process, gimmicks in the sales process and other factors, in terms of safety and nutrition, this matter needs to be scientifically looked at.
From a safety point of view, there is a greater risk of pollution in the living environment of wild fish, and it is for this reason that wild fish are more likely to enrich some toxins during their growth.
For example, some fish are prone to accumulate toxins during the growth process due to the predation of food such as seaweed or small fish and shrimp that contain poisons, such as ciguatera toxin, tetrodotoxin and other toxins that can easily lead to food poisoning, and even threaten life safety when the intake is large.
The "aquatic environment" where wild fish live is not only the home of fish, it is also the living place of various parasites and other organisms, wild fish contain parasites more complex and diverse than farmed fish, although these microorganisms do not threaten the life of fish, but will limit the growth of fish. The superiority of farmed fish lies in its clear national standards for water environment and feed quality, and safety is more trustworthy.
Compared with the two, there are some differences in taste and a difference in selling prices, but there is little difference in the type and content of nutrients. All in all, from the perspective of safety and health, wild fish is not high-end, please "think twice and eat".
"Frozen fish" is cheap, the nutritional value is very low?
The frozen fish on the supermarket shelves is cheaper than the fresh fish, and the first feeling after seeing the frozen fish is that "the nutritional value is low and cannot be purchased", but the idea is always not equal to the facts.
In fact, as long as the frozen fish sold is a safe fish produced and processed by regular manufacturers, its nutritional value will not be worse than fresh, and it can be purchased with confidence.
Of course, fresh fish is better in terms of taste and taste, and relatively reduces the risk of the body being invaded by harmful substances such as pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, if conditions permit, "fresh fish" should also be preferred.
Basha fish is cheaper than dragon fish, so the quality is worse?
Search for "dragon fish" on the Internet, many of them are "basa fish", these two kinds of fish are often confused, and often everyone will make comparisons in terms of price, and evaluate the quality of the two fish with the price.
Relatively speaking, the dragon fish is more "golden" than the basa fish, generally speaking, the fish fillet will sell for 20-30 yuan / kg, and the price of the whole dragon fish will not be less than 100 yuan / kg.
Talking about the price and judging it as good or bad has become a habit for most people. However, the reason why basa fish is cheaper than longli fish is because most of the basha fish is artificially farmed, and most of the longli fish is caught offshore (the cultivation technology of longli fish is high and difficult to achieve).
In the state of fish fillet, the two kinds of fish look similar, so many merchants sell basa fish as dragon fish, so basa fish has become the target of everyone's attack, and some people always say that "basha fish is cheap, and the nutritional value is definitely low."
However, the basha fish is actually very good.
First, the basha fish is rich in protein, and each 100 grams of basa fish contains about 15 grams of protein (comparable to eggs), which is large in quantity and high quality.
Second, the basa fish has an excellent taste, not only the meat is softer, long cooked, easy to digest, and the basa fish fillet does not have any thorns, it is more convenient and safe to eat.
Third, the price of basa fish is lower and relatively more people-friendly.
In short, although the price difference between basa fish and dragon fish is large, there is not much difference in nutrition and taste, and we do not have to be too "nitpicking".
Some fish and parts that can not be eaten!
1. Large carnivorous fish
Fish that are "higher in the middle of the food chain" have a higher risk of harmful substances such as heavy metal mercury, so the risk of poisoning after consumption is higher, such as swordfish, sharks, sailfish and other fish meat, which are not recommended.
2. Fish bile
Yes, it is the fish gall that is rumored to have the effect of "clearing the fire" in life. However, this is a rumor that fish bile is poisonous and cannot be eaten.
Most fish, including carp, crucian carp, grass carp, fathead fish and other fish, contain toxins such as bile acid and hydrocyanic acid in their fish galls, which are called "bile poisonous fish".
Fish bile poisoning will occur for a short time, and after poisoning, it will lead to liver and kidney damage, and in severe cases, it will even lead to death, which must be paid attention to.
Therefore, the fish bile should be removed first before eating the fish. In addition, if the fish bile is broken by mistake, it must be completely washed before it can be cooked and eaten.
Buying fish and eating fish should pay attention to these
1, buy fish to choose the right place
The people take food as the sky, food takes safety as the first, and the purchase of aquatic products should be cautious and rational. Roadside vendors and other uncertain food sources, unclear qualifications of the sale of a variety of fish is prone to safety hazards (heavy metals exceeding the standard, parasite pollution and other issues); it is recommended that you go to large supermarket chains or qualified regular farmers' markets to buy fish, do not covet small and cheap to buy "fish with too much price difference", tend to be safe, and protect health.
2. Smell the taste when buying fresh fish
Before buying fish, it is recommended to smell the taste, if the fish already has a clear odor (ammonia taste), formaldehyde taste, diesel smell and other irritating, unpleasant taste, should refuse to buy.
3. Do not eat any freshwater fish and shrimp raw
Eating fish is a good thing, absorb nutrition and taste delicious. However, the fish should not be eaten raw, it must be thoroughly heated and cooked, especially those used for shabu-shabu or porridge fillets, appropriately extend the cooking time, to ensure that it is fully mature (such as liver flukes in the temperature of 90-100 degrees Celsius continuous heating for more than 15 seconds to be inactivated), reducing safety risks.
3, eat fish to an appropriate amount
The Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2016 Edition) recommend that each person consume 40-75 grams of aquatic products per day, and it is recommended to eat fish at least 3 times a week, taste in moderation, and harvest delicious and healthy.
4. Choose the right cooking method
To eat fish safely, it is recommended to choose a safe and healthy cooking method (low-temperature cooking method such as steaming and stewing), reduce the deliciousness of the food, retain more nutrients, reduce the number of times of frying and roasting (food), and avoid the intake of toxic substances (acrylamide, benzopyrene, etc.) produced by high-temperature cooking.
Taste the fish and enjoy its delicious taste;
Eat fish safely and draw well-being.