Most of the impressions that Chongqing people give to outsiders are "straight and enthusiastic", this is because we are the descendants of the Ba people, we all have a Ba people's soul, and we have "Geng straight, hot and indomitable" in our bones.
If you use a historical figure to tell the thousands of years of spiritual and cultural inheritance of Pakistan, it must be the famous General Ba Manzi! Alone! Because he is the soul of the Pakistani nation and the embodiment of the spirit of the Chongqing people.
General Ba Manzi "cut off his head and stay in the city"
The story of General Ba Manzi's "cutting off his head and leaving the city behind" originated in the Warring States period and was originally circulated in the form of folk oral literature. In the 4th century AD, the Huayang Guozhi written by Chang Xuan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty included the legend of General Ba in the main history, which became the earliest written record of the legend.
According to Jin ChangXuan's "Huayang Guozhi", the Kingdom of Ba was in turmoil during the Zhou Dynasty. The general Manzi asked Yu Chu to take the three cities. The king of Chu saved Ba, the kingdom of Ba was ning, and the chu envoy asked the city. Man Zi Yue: "From the spirit of Chu, overcome disasters and difficulties, sincerely promise the Chu King City, and give my head to Thank You, the city cannot be obtained!" "He is self-inflicted, and he is entrusted with his head." The King of Chu sighed, "Let me be a vassal of Manzi, what is the city?" "It is the rite of the Secretary of State who buried his head." The burial of the State of Pakistan is also the above ceremony.
In just over a hundred words, General Ba Manzi's loyalty, righteousness, martyrdom, courage, and wisdom are vividly described. There is no doubt about the stability of Ba Man Zi in exchange for The country, although this stability did not last long after his death, but this does not negate the merits made by Ba Man Zi to the country.
The spirit of Ba Manzi's awe-inspiring righteousness and sincerity and faithfulness has become the spiritual symbol of tens of millions of Ba Manzi's sons and daughters, and the patriotic spirit of Ba Man Zi has been deeply admired by people for thousands of years. This spirit of both loyalty and faith represents the spirit of chongqing people and is the inheritance of history and culture.
General Bamanzi
After the death of General BaManzi, where is his tomb?
"Ming Yi Tongzhi": "Zhou Jishi, the Chaos of the State of Ba, the general Manzi asked Yu Chu. ...... The King of Chu buried his head in the sun of Jingmen Mountain (present-day Yidu, Hubei), and ba guo buried him here."
Ming Lixian, Peng Shi, and others revised the "Chronicle of the Unification of the Great Ming Dynasty" volume 66 Yun: Chu "buried his head in the sun of Jingmen Mountain, and Ba Guo buried his body in the northwest of Qingjiang County" in Duting.
Volume 351 of the Great Qing Dynasty", "Tomb of the Cuban Manzi", originally noted the cloud: "In the northwest of Enshi County, Duting Mountain." ”
The Qing "Records of Lichuan County" says: "The General Of Ba killed himself and buried him in Duting Mountain. ”
All indications indicate that the tomb of General Ba Manzi is in Hubei.
In fact, there is also a ba manzi tomb in downtown Chongqing.
Inside this ancient tomb, is it really buried Ba Manzi? There have been many debates in history, and a misunderstanding that has lasted for more than 1,000 years has also arisen.
During the Ming Dynasty more than 500 years ago, more than 1,000 years after Ba Manzi's death, people have always thought that the king of Ba was buried here. The Ming Dynasty Cao Xuequan's "Records of Famous Places in Shuzhong" records that "the Lotus Dam after the county school (now Qixinggang Lotus Pond Street in Yuzhong District) has a stone lin stone tiger, which is said to be the ancient Bajun Tomb. ”
After more than 200 years, during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, King Yingxiong of the Rebbe Shangshu took a fancy to this land and prepared to build a garden here and demolish the ancient tomb. This angered the common people, and they attacked them en masse, stopped the destruction of the tomb, and found something new, proving that it was not the king who was buried here, but the general, so it was called the general's grave.
Since then, the tomb has suffered disasters. In 1940, it suffered minor injuries from Japanese aircraft bombing. So far in the Qing Dynasty, the ancient tomb has been repaired 5 times, but the debate has not stopped: some people say that Ba Manzi's head is buried in Hubei, his body is in Chongqing, the specific location cannot be queried, only his clothes are buried here; others believe that the specific historical materials are getting less and less, and no one knows what Ba Manzi looked like, what clothes he usually wears, what weapons he takes, he has become a legend.
In the forty-fifth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1706), Jin Shilong wrote a poem for Lin Zeng, "Stepping over the Tomb of Ba Manzi", which laid the theoretical foundation for the theory of the tomb of Ba Manzi.
During the years of Qing Yongzheng, Qianlong, and Daoguang, the officials and people of Ba County repeatedly "repaired tomb tables", "masoned with stones", and "performed spring and autumn solstice sacrifices", explicitly sacrificing General Ba Manzi. The Qing Dynasty "Ba Xian Zhi" and the Republic of China "Ba Xian Zhi" both record that the lotus pond is the burial place of General Ba Manzi.
In the eleventh year of the Republic of China (1922), Dan Maoxin, commander of the First Army of the Sichuan Army and inspector of border defense in eastern Sichuan, presided over the construction of the cemetery and erected a monument "Tomb of General Manzi of Eastern Zhouba". This tomb has been preserved in the hexagonal shape of the tomb, with a width of 2.65 meters and a height of 2.3 meters, all sealed in stone. The tombstone in the middle is 1.5 meters high and 1 meter wide, with the seal book "Tomb of General Manzi of eastern Zhou Ba", the upper paragraph "Jidan in February of the eleventh year of the Republic of China", and the lower paragraph "Rong County Dan Mao Xin Inscription".
According to historical records, the cemetery at that time was quite large, surrounded by walls, and there were many poems and couplets engraved in it, the most famous of which was the poem written by Zhao Langyun, a township idler, "The hegemony has long been lost, and Chu Zi He once left an inch of land; the deserted tomb is still towering, and the general is still in the town of Sanba." ”
This Ba Manzi tomb is hidden under the Yuhai Building on the 28th floor of Qixinggang in Yuzhong District. A shameful place, furniture warehouse.
Tomb of Ba Manzi
After the establishment of Chongqing in 1929, the city wall was demolished, the road was built, and the trough of the ba manzi tomb was filled in, and the cemetery was placed under the barrier of the road. After liberation, a section of the road in Qixinggang was completely repaired, "widened and then flattened", and since then Ba Manzi has been buried in the stone arch cave under the Minsheng Road.
In the 1960s, the tomb of Ba Manzi was listed as a cultural relic for protection by the grass-roots street cultural staff in Yuzhong District at that time. In 1992, the municipal government announced it as a municipal cultural relics protection unit.
However, at the height of vigorous urban development and construction at the end of the last century, the tomb of Ba Manzi in a special location was "hidden" by a number of high-rise buildings.
Since then, the tomb of General Ba Manzi has not been seen. But fortunately, the tomb was not destroyed when the building was built, otherwise it would have been a sin.
Over the years, the people of Chongqing with conscience have not forgotten General Ba Manzi, and the rescue of Ba Manzi by the people has never stopped.
Fu Bingrong, a 75-year-old old woman in Huang Garden, Yuzhong District, raised more than 20,000 yuan in 15 years, invited folk artists to reshape the statue of Ba Manzi and his wife, the statue was completed, but did not know where to place it, and had no choice but to send it back to Ba Manzi's hometown of Zhong County.
Dozens of ancient and rare old people, running in many directions, called for the tomb of Ba Manzi to be seen again.
An expert in literature and antiquity, obsessed with the study of Ba Manzi, collected a large number of precious documents for ten years, and because there was no suitable place for display, he had to put several large bundles of documents on the shelf.
Many experts, scholars, and non-governmental figures have made unremitting appeals for improving the condition of ba manzi's tomb, and people's congress deputies and CPPCC members at all levels have also submitted suggestions on many occasions to protect and repair them.
All the students of the second class of the fifth grade of Chongqing Tiema Primary School collectively sent a letter to the Municipal Government Suggestion Collection Office to come up with ideas for the publicity and protection of the general's tomb.
There is an old saying in the ancient circles of literature: "If you study Pakistan culture in the world, you must speak of generals." Today, the Tomb of Ba Manzi is overshadowed by the city's high-rise buildings, and the darkness and dampness contrast greatly with the hustle and bustle of the city. Treating a hero in this way, a historical figure who symbolizes the humanistic spirit of Chongqing, makes us Chongqing people have a thorn in their hearts.
When to let the tomb of General Ba Manzi see the light of day again, everyone still needs to work hard!
For thousands of years, General Ba Manzi's heroic feats of martyrdom have been widely praised on the land of Bayu. And now there is almost none. It is also a lack of spirit.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the famous general Yan Yan of Linzhou (i.e., ZhongXian County) in Ba County said, "There are only severed generals in our state, and there are no surrender generals!" It has become a famous saying that promotes the heroism of Ba Manzi, so that during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Chongqing celebrities who faced the indiscriminate bombardment of Japanese and Kosovarian planes repeatedly extended ——— "China has had severed heads since ancient times, and there have been no surrender generals."
In the eighth year of Tang Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong changed the name of general Zhongren to "Linzhou" in his hometown of "Chungju" (now Zhongxian County). During the Song Dynasty, people built a temple for General Ba in Chungju City for future generations to admire, which was originally called Yongzhen Ancestral Hall and later known as Bawang Temple. Every year on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar (Ba Manzi's death day), a grand "March Meeting" is held in Chungju Castle to commemorate his exploits. According to the ming dynasty historical records: "During each period, the banner is stuffed into the alley, the golden drum is sounding street, the color pavilion is golden shed, and the yingdao is looking at each other." Today, in the territory of Zhong County, there are many historical sites and place names named after General Ba Manzi. Unfortunately, the "March Meeting" stopped during the War of Resistance.
Chang Xuan deeply admired Ba Manzi's heroic behavior, and commented: "If Manzi is loyal and fierce, Fan Mu is fruitful, the customs are pure and thick, the world is a famous general, the Snai River, the Han Spirit, and the essence of the mountains are refreshing!" ”。
Wang Erjian's "Tomb of Ba Manzi": "Vault Zhao, Manzi Tomb, Yucheng Topple, Stone Sealed." How many princes will sleep in the tombs, the trees stand alone, and the two rivers are protected by the rainbow. The head is severed continuously, and the eyebrows of the ancient beard are like seeing. The city of Xucheng still exists, and the tomb gate is green in the spring of the year. The king is not seen, but he turns his back on the weak Lord, and lowers the strong Lord, and sacrifices the head of the Lord to his soil. And he did not see, but he worshipped the king, secretly connected with his neighbors, and sought peace and cut off the land and glorified his body. Unfortunately, I don't know the manzi grave. ”
Huang Zhongyu's "Tomb of Ba Manzi" has a cloud: "A corpse left two incense, want to see the heroic martial arts of that year, in front of the country Jing Gange, behind the township ancestral shrine to honor the trick." "The rise and fall of the people is also only ordinary, the mountains and rivers are strong and strong, the People of Chu are now safe, and the general is still in the land." ”
Gong Jue's "Tomb of Ba Manzi" has a sentence: "Faith must not be lost, the city is especially not to be with, the body may as well be broken as a whole, the body is broken when the remnants are replenished." Ge Tong waved Lu Yang and touched the Heavenly Pillar. Wu An reused my head wearing, qi Yi jin yong strong thousands of bridges, barren Qiu still remnants of blood heat, grass and trees are made of hair erection. The wind and fury help the stone horse hiss, and the moon is gloomy and suspicious. The general was heroic as a guarantee, and he toured the old department of Heshan Wei. ”
He Tongyun's "Tomb of Ba Manzi": "The head of the subject can get the city difficult, a sword is facing the wind, Xie Qiangchu, the general is really a minister of the society, and he will not hesitate to protect the territory." The blue blood is hidden in the head of Bashan Mountain, the river flowing under Bashan Mountain, the turtle is not saying that it is close to the morning market, and the city is lush and spring and autumn. Knowing that after reading the world for three thousand years, yi yi is entering the garden of the beggars, and the beggars are not dead during the happy period, so how can they be neighbors with ghosts? Cut the hill ridge and raise the pavilion, and the shirt loyalty is buried in the Nine Plains! The operation is not exhausted, the tomb of the general is preserved for eternity! Among them, He Tongyun's poems, in addition to singing the praises of Ba Manzi, also condemned the xiangxian king Ying Xiong for not respecting this monument.
The ancients spoke so highly of General Ba Manzi because of his loyalty and integrity as the essence of the Chinese nation's tradition. In this respect, Ba Manzi is a practitioner who uses his life to explain what is faithful and what is faith.
And now? How many Chongqing people know Ba Manzi and his story? Here I take the liberty of asking you, do you know General BaManzi? Know where his tomb is? It is estimated that many people do not know!
Ba Manzi
In this era of lack of spiritual strength, society needs the spirit of loyalty and righteousness, and the existing "Tomb of General Ba" is the carrier of this spirit. Although many people are questioning the authenticity of this tomb, it does not matter that we need this spirit.
Chongqing people Geng Zhi and Hao Shuang are famous throughout the country, and their humanistic traditions determine that Chongqing people have an indomitable spirit of struggle in their blood, and Chongqing is the descendant of the Ba people, who have always been simple and righteous, diligent and upright, shrewd and brave, and General Ba Manzi is the representative of the Ba people, so do not let this precious spirit be lost. Because the people of Chongqing need this spiritual strength. Especially in this era of spiritual scarcity.
The times are progressing, and our spirit must also keep up. Don't cause spiritual deprivation because of material ascension!
The ancient loyal soul Ba Manzi, casting the soul of Chongqing!