【Spiritual Genealogy of Chinese Communists】
Guangming Daily reporter Han Yeting Zhang Zhehao Guangming Daily trainee reporter Li Jie
Autumn rain and rolling rice waves. During this year's "Eleventh" holiday, the Nanniwan Large-scale Production Memorial Hall in Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, is full of tourists. Visitors either stop to watch or contemplate, one by one, old objects covered in the dust of time, bringing them back to the difficult and glorious years of 80 years ago.
"The fragrance of the flowers in the flower basket, listen to me sing a song, sing a song, come to Nanniwan, Nanniwan good place, good land, good place to good scenery, good place to good scenery, everywhere is crops, everywhere is cattle and sheep ..." This cheerful and beautiful "Nanniwan" has been sung for nearly 80 years, as soon as they hear its melody, people will think of Nanniwan and think of the large-scale production movement.
After the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression entered the stage of strategic stalemate, the "sweeping" of the Japanese army, the blockade of the Kuomintang diehards, and the serious natural disasters made the supply of materials in the anti-Japanese base areas extremely difficult, and the vast number of soldiers and people fell into the predicament of having no food to eat, no clothes to wear, and no cover. At the grim historical juncture, the CPC Central Committee and Comrade Mao Zedong put forward the general principle of "developing the economy and ensuring supply" and the call for "doing it yourself and having enough food and clothing" to mobilize the broad masses of the military and the people to carry out large-scale production campaigns.
In March 1941, in accordance with the instructions of the Party Central Committee, the 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army was stationed in Nanniwan, more than 50 kilometers southeast of Yan'an, while training troops for war and reclaiming the wasteland. In just three years, the 359th Brigade not only created a large amount of material wealth, but also turned the thorny and desolate Nanniwan into a "good Jiangnan" in northern Shaanxi where "crops are everywhere and cattle and sheep are everywhere", but also left a valuable spiritual wealth for future generations - the spirit of Nanniwan.
Nanniwan (oil on canvas) Jin Zhilin
Self-reliance and hard work
The melody of "Nanniwan" is full of cheerful atmosphere. It is difficult for people today to appreciate the difficulty of developing Nanniwan in those years, and even give the arduous production self-help action a little romantic color.
When the 359th Brigade first entered Nanniwan, Nanniwan was actually a sparsely populated "mud bay", where the forests were full of mountains, thorns, and wild beasts. The warriors described it this way: "Nanniwan, Rotten Mud Bay, hundreds of miles of mountains and mountains; pheasants in groups full of mountains and noise, wolves and leopards in the forest; beasts of prey have been in charge for more than a hundred years, and there is no one in the wilderness." ”
In the face of difficulties, the vast number of commanders and fighters firmly said: "To carry out the revolution requires arduous struggle, and arduous struggle can do a good job in the revolution!" "It was a period of time when the passion of the soldiers burned like dry firewood: there were no houses to live in, and the officers and men built grass huts and made caves; when there was not enough food to eat, they mixed black beans and elm money in the rice; there was no vegetable to eat, and they went to the river to dig wild vegetables; those who lacked clothing, the soldiers opened the land bare in the summer, cut firewood and burned charcoal in the winter for warmth; lacked tools for the reclamation, so they used the shell skins they had picked up, scrap copper and rotten iron to make their own agricultural tools...
Relying on the hard work of not being afraid of hardship and difficulty, in just three years, the 359th Brigade has set up 1 textile factory, 1 quilt factory, 2 machinery factories, 2 paper factories, 4 wood factories, 3 military shoe factories, 3 iron factories, 1 soap factory, 2 oil mills, 8 powder mills, 6 tofu mills, 7 salt wells, and 2 coal kilns, and the agricultural production and planting area has reached 261,000 mu. In 1944, Nanniwan harvested about 37,000 stones of grain and handed over about 10,000 stones of public grain to the government of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. Mao Zedong said: "This is a miracle that has never been seen in Chinese history, and this is the material basis of our invincibility." ”
Matter is immortal, the universe is immortal, and the only thing that can compare with the firmament is the spirit. The core and essence of the Nanniwan spirit is self-reliance and hard work. It teaches us that no matter when and where, as long as we are self-reliant and strive to be strong, there is no obstacle that we cannot overcome. As Liu Xiaolong, an associate researcher at the Yan'an Spiritual Research Center in Yan'an, said: "The spirit of Nanniwan has been integrated into the genetic blood of the Communist Party of China, and has become an important part of the spiritual genealogy of Chinese communists and a precious wealth of the Chinese nation." ”
Inspired by this spirit, from the revolutionary years to the construction period to the reform and opening up, we have forged ahead in different fields, turning passive into active and unfavorable into advantageous again and again, thus constantly killing bloody roads and opening up new situations.
In Xinjiang, the corps men forged swords into ploughs, opened up wasteland and made fields on the Gobi Desert for thousands of miles, reclaimed the borders, built new Gobi cities one after another, and created a human miracle of turning the desert into an oasis; in the northeast, generations of Chinese exerted their youthful sweat to turn the "Northern Wilderness" into "Beidacang" and wrote down an epic poem of pioneering that can be sung and wept; in the South China Sea, generations of officers and men have taken root in the islands with their unique stoicism, built houses and towers, fought against the wind and waves, and built the "Gobi on the sea" of "the sky is scorched by the scorching sun and no grass grows on the ground." Sea Home".
The sculptures in the Nanniwan Mass Production Memorial Hall were published by Xinhua News Agency
History doesn't repeat itself, but it's strikingly similar. After the founding of New China, Western countries have been imposing technological blockades on our country, ranging from aircraft and warships to integrated circuits. As a "big country heavy weapon", the shield machine has a very high technical threshold, and its production and manufacturing have long been monopolized by Western countries. For a period of time, China's imported shield machines, not only the price of "slaughtered", Western manufacturers in order to prevent technology leakage, but also sent "guidance experts" to China's construction site to personally control. It is precisely by relying on the spirit of self-reliance, after more than ten years of hard work, China has mastered the relevant core technologies, leapt to become the world's shield machine production power and power, the products exported to Western countries, shield machine has become another shining "Made in China" business card after "high-speed rail" and "nuclear power".
There is a saying circulating on the Internet: "Blockade, blockade for ten years and eight years, China will have everything." History has proven and will continue to prove that this statement is not false, because with the spirit of "self-reliance and hard struggle" as a support, Chinese can never be sealed and overwhelmed.
Overcome difficulties with one heart and one mind
Those who want the same thing win, and those who are in the same boat win. In the Nanniwan large-scale production movement, the 359 brigade, from the brigade commander down to the groom, all participated in production. Wherever difficulties arise, leading cadres always rush to the forefront.
Brigade commander Wang Zhen, no matter how busy he is at work, will squeeze out time to participate in labor, and a foreign reporter lamented: "His hands, like his subordinates, are full of calluses due to labor, like a cropper." "Zuo Qi, the political commissar of the 718th Regiment of the 359th Brigade, lost an arm on the battlefield and could not take the pickaxe to open up the wilderness, so he personally cooked for the soldiers and picked them up the mountain." The exemplary regimental commander "Chen Zongyao" disregarded his body and suffered many injuries and worked like the soldiers. Luo Zhang, political commissar of the Logistics Department of the 359th Brigade, who was responsible for organizing the production work of the whole brigade, carried a large hammer with him and walked through all the production points of the brigade, but fell into a deep ditch due to overwork and was seriously injured. The cadres of the battalion company worked, produced and studied with the soldiers.
Do it up, do it down. At the Nanniwan Large Production Memorial Hall, there is such an old photo, which is impressive. In the photo, a 7-year-old girl is concentrating on twisting wool on a spinning wheel with her small hand, with a stubborn face. She is the daughter of Wu Chengen, a cadre of the Supply Department of the 4 Detachments of the 359Th Brigade. At that time, many adults could only spin two or three or two threads a day, but Xiao Wuping could spin more than one or two threads a day, which was the smallest labor model in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. The deeds of Xiao Wuping's spinning threads made the officers and men of the 359th Brigade very encouraged, and the momentum of opening up the wasteland and spinning the threads was even stronger. It is precisely by relying on this spirit and style of equality among officers and men, unity between the top and the bottom, unity of purpose between the military and the people, and collective wisdom and efforts that the military and people in the base areas have relied on their own hands to get rid of unimaginable material difficulties and created a rare miracle in the world.
Nanniwan National Wetland Park has beautiful scenery xinhua news agency
Mao Zedong once said: "Unity and unity of heart, any powerful enemy, any difficult environment, will surrender to us." "In the large-scale production movement, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Ren Bishi and other central leaders all set an example and took the lead in participating in labor. Mao Zedong opened up wasteland under his cave to grow vegetables; Zhu De organized a production group to reclaim three acres of vegetable land; organs directly under the central government and the central guard regiment held a spinning competition, and Ren Bishi won the first place; and Zhou Enlai was rated as an expert in spinning thread.
Whether it is a general carrying a hammer or a leader shaking a spinning wheel, it reflects the brilliance of the mass line of the Chinese Communist Party, and the beneficiaries are naturally the masses. The data show that in 1941, the public grain paid by farmers in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region accounted for 13.58% of the total harvest, but in 1942 it fell to 11.14%. By 1945, most of the peasants in the border areas had reached "three more than one ploughing" (cultivating crops for three years, in addition to consumption, they could eat grain for one year), and some had reached "cultivating one more than one".
More importantly, through extensively mobilizing the masses to carry out production and self-help, the enthusiasm of the masses in the base areas for labor and production has been greatly enhanced, the military-civilian relations have been consolidated and developed, the flesh-and-blood ties between the party and the masses of the people have been strengthened, and the party's influence among the masses has been expanded, thus laying a solid material and mass foundation for the victory of the War of Resistance.
Research and research are realistic
Mao Zedong said: "There is no investigation, no right to speak." He demanded that investigation and research must be "eye down," "targeted," "personally out of the horse," "dissect the sparrow," "comprehensive investigation," "from the surface to the inside," and grasp the universality, inevitability, and regularity of things. The implementation of the "Nanniwan Policy" of tuntian and land reclamation is precisely the result of a series of investigations and studies.
Zhu De led technicians to Nanniwan for field investigation many times. During an investigation, Zhu De met an old man surnamed Tang, took his hand and asked, "Can you get grain here?" Donald said, "Why not!" I'm familiar with it here, and the ground is very fat! It's just that there's not a single family here..."
Subsequently, Zhu De asked Tang Laohan to serve as an external "adviser" to the troops and jointly survey the mountains, forests, valleys, ravines, ponds, and ponds of Nanniwan. Tang Laohan introduced a series of situations such as where there is more wasteland, where the land is fertile, and what is good to plant at four o'clock and eight festivals. He also told Judd that the local water was poisonous and could not be drunk, and that he should drink water to find water elsewhere. When Zhu De and the others were leaving, they took local water samples and soil samples. The test results show that there is no problem with the groundwater in Nanniwan, and the poison in the surface water is caused by the long-term decay of dead leaves and grass, as long as the poison is filtered out by digging the pond leakage method, and then put in an appropriate amount of medicine to disinfect, you can drink.
At the same time, Lotte Yu, an expert in agricultural and forestry biology working in the Construction Department of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government, inspected the plant resources and natural conditions in Nanniwan, Huaishuzhuang, and Jinpenwan, collected more than 2,000 important plant specimens, wrote a "Forest Investigation Report of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region," elaborated on the forest resources and reclaimable wasteland in the border area, and also put forward suggestions for reclaiming Nanniwan to increase grain production.
After a series of investigations and studies and extensive listening to opinions, Zhu De proposed a general plan for the development of Nanniwan. After that, he made a detailed report to Mao Zedong on his plans to transfer troops for reclamation. Mao Zedong adopted Zhu De's opinion and praised it: "You Have grasped this matter well by President Zhu, and you have grasped it well!" ”
As Chen Furong, an expert in party history at Yan'an University and the author of the book "The Spirit of Nanniwan", said, 80 years later, we are still in the historical era indicated by Marxism. Looking back at Nanniwan again, in addition to being proud of the fruitful results of the large-scale production movement and moved by the spirit of arduous struggle of the military and people in the base areas, we should all the more learn to inherit the work methods of investigation and study and the work style of seeking truth from facts in the process of reclamation of the fields by the Nanniwan army, so as to ensure scientific and democratic decision-making in all aspects of future work. Because seeking truth from facts is not only an important part of the Nanniwan spirit, but also an important principle of Marxism and the living soul of Marxism.
Dare to create dare to be the first
Since its founding, the Communist Party of China has, with the spirit of daring to be the first, turned "impossible" into "possible." In Nanniwan, the Chinese Communists are destined to continue to create miracles.
There is a tradition of military reclamation in China's history, but there was no precedent in the history of our party before the development of Nanniwan.
Put down the steel gun, pick up the hoe, and come from the battlefield to the wasteland, the "scene" has changed, and the system, concepts, and ideas must change with it. To this end, the 359 brigade carried out a series of innovations.
At the beginning of the large-scale production campaign, the 359th Brigade set up a production committee, stipulating that the battalion and company deputy posts were respectively responsible for organizing the production self-sufficiency work at their respective levels. Luo Haixi, professor of the Strategic Teaching and Research Department of the National Defense University of the People's Liberation Army of Chinese, said: "This relatively perfect production and operation system and the form of the production committee have implemented the instructions of the CPC Central Committee on combining combat with production and labor with force, which is convenient for fighting against the enemy and organizing production. ”
In view of the fact that most of the officers and men of the unit were southerners and were not familiar with agricultural production in the north, the 359th Brigade invited old peasants wearing bare sheepskins and shoulders to the podium to give lectures to the officers and men, and even approved Zhu Yuhuan, a 71-year-old old farmer, to join the army, and appointed him as the brigade's agricultural production adjutant, and also issued him a "license."
In order to raise more funds for the troops, the 359th Brigade, in addition to cultivating land, also set up industry, transportation, and business. Under the tight seal of the Kuomintang diehards, they set up military-civilian cooperatives to sell local goods and blankets, leather shoes, towels, cloth shoes, toothbrushes, tooth powder, pottery, candy, linen paper, ink, diaries and other commodities produced in their factories.
The various innovations and creations of the officers and men of the 359th Brigade have developed industrial and agricultural production in the border areas, enlivened the economy of the border areas, and played an important role in overcoming serious economic difficulties for the military and people in the base areas. Mao Zedong spoke highly of the innovative spirit of the 359th Brigade, and he personally wrote an inscription on Wang Zhen's award certificate - "With the spirit of creativity."
80 years later, Nanniwan has long been not only a geographical term, but also a spiritual symbol, deeply rooted in the hearts of the sons and daughters of China.
In the spring of 2021, the American Nie Zirui revisited northern Shaanxi following the footsteps of Snow, the author of "Red Star Shines on China". In Nanniwan Village, hou Xiuzhen, a 76-year-old veteran party member, made him unforgettable with two hammers.
One belonged to Hou Xiuzhen's father-in-law, Liu Baozhai . 80 years ago, the 359th Brigade was reclaiming the wasteland in Nanniwan, and Liu Baozhai, deputy company commander, and his comrades-in-arms, with one hand and one pistol, reclaimed the "good Jiangnan" in northern Shaanxi in the midst of thorns;
One was Hou Xiuzhen's own. More than 20 years ago, this village cadre led the villagers to build roads and schools, carrying a hammer to turn the barren mountains into lush green mountains, and now the whole village has been lifted out of poverty and is well-off.
Two hammers, one spirit. At present, the Chinese nation is getting closer and closer to the goal of great rejuvenation. When the Chinese Communists shoulder the "old cymbals" and embark on a new journey, they will surely create more "good Jiangnan" in the new era.
Guangming Daily (05/10/2021)
Source: Guangming Network - Guangming Daily