The 24th Winter Olympic Games will kick off in Beijing on 4 February 2022 and will begin the 100-day countdown from 26 October. This "city of the two Olympics" from summer to winter is about to become a new milestone in the history of the centennial Olympic Games.
Since ancient times, the Chinese nation has had an indissoluble relationship with ice and snow. In the long course of history, Chinese have not only learned to resist the cold of ice and snow, but also learned to use ice and snow, watch ice and snow, and play with ice and snow. At the same time, ice and snow have gradually integrated into the spiritual value system of Chinese.
Ice and snow sports from the ancient ice frolicking ice dance ice poetry painting, to the modern natural ice rink paradise, and then to the modern international popular sports events, it is no exaggeration to say that ice and snow sports is Chinese the combination of literature and martial arts, elegance and customs, but also entertainment and feelings, nostalgia and competition.
01
The ancients were too good at playing with snow
The ancients relied on mountains to eat mountains and rely on water to draft water, and relied on ice to naturally eat ice.
Skating ice and snow is an essential skill for survival and fighting, especially for the northern peoples, and those who get ice win the world. By the time the natural conditions have improved, the gliding has been unable to satisfy the curiosity of the ancients, and a new trick of the court game has been played.
The first ice games came into being, and nurhaci, the leader of the Jurchens, held a running skate competition, which is actually a modern version of skating, and the champion awards silver twenty-two, comparable to the year-end award of a large company.
Some people are promoted by family wealth, some people are promoted by ability, and there is a third well-known way: ice play. Especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties, ice frolic was even more popular and became a national custom.
Speed skating and figure skating are basic operations, and two-in-one sports such as ice soccer, ice throwing ball, ice shot sky ball are particularly popular, as well as confrontational sports such as ice wrestling and snow tart. Every winter solstice to March 9, the court set up a banquet to watch, thousands of soldiers performed, the scene is called a spectacular, the whole is the ancient royal aristocratic version of the National Games. In "The Biography of Zhen Huan", An Ling Rong danced on the ice, like a flying swallow, and only then regained favor again, which shows the importance that the Qing Emperor Lao Er attached to Ice Play.
In a word, the ancients' enthusiasm for ice and snow sports is no less than the study of food, fried, fried and fried, and there are many tricks.
02
If a worker desires to do a good thing, he must first use it
With the development of the ice play movement, the equipment of ice play has been continuously improved, and various tools that gather the labor wisdom of the ancient people have come into being.
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Song Jiang's Restful Reply to "Jiang Linji Magazine": "In the winter month, pu reeds are carried, and the beds are used, and officials also take advantage of them."
Qing Pan Rongxi's "Ji Sheng in the Age of Emperor Jing": "Ice bed sliding: in front of the Five Dragon Pavilion of the Tailiu Pond, in front of the Water Cloud Pavilion of the Middle Sea, in the cold winter, the frozen wood is used as a bed, the steel bar is inlaid underneath, one person leads the rope in front, three or four people can sit, the ice is like flying, the name is the bed." ”
Ling bed, in addition to being a gentleman and aristocratic vassal of the elegant ice activity, is also an ice transportation, in the Qing Dynasty, after the river freezes, the poor people near Beijing will come to the place where there is ice in the imperial city, by dragging the bed to make a living.
Under the wisdom of the working people, the tools of the bed have been changed and adjusted to a certain extent. The ropes used to pull the ice bed are twisted from camel hair to prevent freezing hands. The shoes with the ice bed are distinctive, they are a special cotton shoe with leather inward hair facing outwards, which are non-slip and warm.
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Qingfu Cha Dunchong's "Records of the Yanjing Years": "The national custom is that there are ice lovers, and the shoes are used for Wei, and the bottom of the double teeth makes the roding and not the hesitation, or the iron is like a knife, so that the ice is not rushed." ”
From the beginning of the slide, the shoes worn by people have iron teeth, and they slide up on the ice very fast, like speeding electricity, hence the name ice skating.
Qing Li Zuoxian's "Shiquan Shuya Poetry Banknote" Volume IV: "Ice Bed: Frozen The Long River is oblique, and the slab bed pulls the end of the water." It is advisable to sleep when Chen Fan is on the bed, and sits in the He Shu Wei Jie car. Stable suspicious floating clouds outside, empty trance pan moon in the middle of the maple. If you fly more skates, a gentleman is quick to boast. "It can be seen that riding on the ice bed in winter and wearing skates on the feet are very common recreational activities, and the speed of skates is extremely fast, exceeding the ice bed.
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In the "Beijing Bamboo Branch Words", there is a poem describing the fall of beginner skating: "Walking on the ice like the wind, the sole steel bar maker, before falling into a smile, the head south and foot north hand west and east." ”
In the late Qing Dynasty, China's ice knives have been upgraded to iron. At the same time, skates have also appeared in two different types: single ice knife and double ice knife.
Since the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, from the initial ice knives mostly made of horses' tibia, wooden skates and wooden iron skates have gradually emerged. From the emperor and nobles down to the common people are very fond of ice play, the Qing official xiu "History of the State Dynasty Palace" volume 25: "Imperial Ice Fun Is Endowed with One: The National Customs Have Ice Play, with the old ice play, the emperor leads the old classics, waiting for the ice of each age, gathering eight banners warrior Chen Zhi in the Tailiu Pool." The Imperial Ice Frolic gives an article to describe its events. The courtiers of the Inner Court paid tribute. It can be seen that this sport was personally participated in by the emperor and provided equipment, the eight flags participated, and the skill winners also had a color head.
Unlike today's ice knives, the ice knives of the Qing Dynasty were relatively short, and there was no ice knife under the heel of the shoe, so that the ice surface could be touched with the heel when needed to stop sliding, or change the direction of sliding. With the advancement of equipment production technology, this sport has developed rapidly in the folk.
To this day, snow sports have not faded from view due to the variety of entertainment projects. On the contrary, with the rapid development of competitive sports in China, ice and snow sports, too many projects have emerged to win the championship. It has been endowed with more power beauty, speed beauty, wisdom beauty, cooperative beauty, and also led to the popularization of folk skiing. I hope that in the Winter Olympics in 100 days, all the ice and snow athletes will be able to show their heroic and style on the field.
Text 丨 Chiba
Audio | Yan Jiahui
Typography | Chiba
The illustration comes from the network