This paper explores the wheat intercropping and planting technology according to the actual situation, and expounds the cultivation mode and cultivation technology of wheat intercropping peanut, hoping to provide reference for relevant staff. Details are as follows:
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >, rough ground</h1>
In order to improve the yield of peanuts, attention should be paid to ensuring the depth and thickness of the soil layer, while ensuring that the tillage layer is loose, providing good conditions for the growth of peanuts, and the soil permeability is relatively poor, which will affect the growth of pods and even affect the yield of crops. Therefore, deep ploughing, deep ploughing and intensive cultivation should be carried out, and the cultivation depth is generally between 25 and 30cm. In addition, in the process of land preparation, it should be ensured that the upper and lower real, flat and so on.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, the scientific treatment of seeds</h1>
2.1 Variety Selection
There will be a symbiotic period after the sowing of wheat sleeve peanuts, and the growth and development of peanuts at the seedling stage will be affected due to shading and low temperature near the ground. In order to reduce the impact and achieve the improvement of light and heat conditions, attention should be paid to the selection of varieties, in the process of seed selection, the selection of early ripening, compact wheat varieties, but also should maintain high quality, stable yield, with stress resistance. At this stage, farmers' awareness of buying good seeds for small crops is still relatively weak. Farmers will keep their own seeds for crops such as peanuts, which accounts for more than 80% of the seeds, but the seeds have certain drawbacks: many years of planting will lead to poor germarianism, mixed degradation, low yields, and poor varieties. In addition, some farmers blindly select seeds and do not have a specific understanding of the characteristics of seeds before selecting seeds, which affects the application of supporting technologies. Therefore, farmers should choose high-quality and high-yield seeds in the process of seed selection, while also fully considering market factors.
2.2 Treatment of seeds
Some farmers do not carry out scientific treatment of seeds before sowing, such as sunning seeds, grain selection, seed mixing, etc., which will cause the seeds to grow unevenly and robustly. At the same time, it is also necessary to avoid the impact of rat infestation on seeds, and the main measures to prevent rat infestation from invading seeds: select a sunny day to dry fruit with a shell 10 to 15 days before sowing, and put the pods on the soil for 2 to 3 days; after peeling the shell, the seeds are graded and grained, the stray grains are removed, and the seeds with full grains are selected as seeds.
2.3 Choose a seed coating agent specific to peanuts
In the peanut sowing 5 ~ 10 days before the sunning, sunning seeds for 2 to 3d, after peeling the shell to select the grains with bright, full and mildew-free, while the seed grading selection, graded sowing, to avoid mixed seed sowing caused by the emergence of large and small seedlings. In addition, in order to improve the vitality of seeds, promote the development of roots, and continuously enhance the resistance and stress resistance of seedlings, it is appropriate to use green plant growth regulators for 4 h soaking, fishing out and drying before sowing. In order to prevent the appearance of stem rot, a certain concentration of carbendazim wettable powder should be selected for seed stirring.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >3, the density and method of the appropriate full-time socket and the sleeve</h1>
In the process of planting, the flower growth period can be appropriately extended, and the relationship between the two crops should be fully considered. In general, sowing 15 to 20 days before wheat harvest is more suitable. In the process of peanut sowing, attention should be paid to the content of water in the soil to ensure that the water holding capacity in the field reaches 70%, laying the foundation for improving the yield and quality of peanuts. In the process of wheat and peanut seeding, attention is paid to the row spacing between the two, combined with the characteristics of wheat growth, the specific row spacing form is selected to achieve the set of seeds, the row spacing is guaranteed to be between 20 and 25cm, the hole spacing is between 25 and 35cm, and each hole is guaranteed to be 2 grains. The planting method can choose wide and narrow rows, that is, the set of 2 rows of flowers is vacated in 2 rows, the wide row spacing is between 40 and 50 cm, the narrow row spacing is between 20 and 25 cm, the hole spacing is between 20 and 25 cm, and each hole is guaranteed to be 2 grains. At this stage, the use of wide and narrow rows of planting methods is more common.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > fourth, scientific fertilization</h1>
Wheat set peanuts should be combined with medium cultivation to eliminate stubble, water, and apply seedling fertilizer as soon as possible after wheat harvest, laying the foundation for the growth and development of peanuts in the middle and late stages. Most farmers only apply chemical fertilizers, and little or no organic fertilizer, peanuts are relatively poor standing conditions, poor soil structure, low fertility, it is easy to appear soil barrenness, affecting the normal growth needs of peanuts, and also has an impact on yield. The application of organic fertilizer can make the fertilizer really work while ensuring sufficient nutrients. In addition, the rational use of fertilizers can achieve soil improvement and organic matter increase to a certain extent. In the process of fertilization, you need to pay attention to some problems, such as the application of organic fertilizer, usually, choose high-quality farm fertilizer 2000 ~ 3000kg/ hm2; if the soil is alkaline, you can apply ferrous sulfate 30kg/hm2, borax 20kg/hm2; if the soil is acidic, you can apply ammonium molybdate 15kg/hm2, sulfuric acid 20kg/hm2. Before the start of flowering, organic fertilizers, urea and calcium superphosphate are scientifically selected in combination with the actual situation of the soil. In addition, if it is alkaline soil, gypsum powder can also be added appropriately. Potassium fertilizer should be applied deeply and less, calcium fertilizer should not be applied, and molybdenum fertilizer should be appropriately increased. Foliar fertilizer is applied in the mid to late stages to increase nutrients.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >5</h1>
5.1 Medium tillage to eliminate stubble, chemical control and weeding
After wheat harvest, stubble eradication and weeding should be carried out in a timely manner, with the purpose of regulating the water, gas and heat conditions in the soil, increasing the permeability of the soil, and thus promoting the development of the root system. In addition, stubble control can reduce the consumption of water and nutrients in the soil to a certain extent, and reduce the possibility of diseases and insect pests. In the process of medium ploughing, the loose soil should be removed deeply. If you encounter rain after ploughing, you should plough again after a sunny day. Generally, it is more reasonable to cultivate 3 to 4 times. After cultivation, if weeds are found to be technical weeding, you can choose a herbicide to spray it evenly for control.
5.2 Drought prevention and drainage, scientific prevention of lodging
Timely drainage and irrigation play an important role in preventing drought and rain and flooding. After the wheat harvest, if the rain is insufficient, it should be watered in time during the flowering of the peanuts, mainly with small water. If there is no rain in July and August, watering should be done in time to ensure the normal growth of the pods. If there is too much rain, it is easy to lodging, so if the height of the high-yield plot is more than 40 cm, scientific measures need to be taken to control the growth trend. In the process of selecting the spray preparation, the dosage must be controlled to avoid the situation that the pods become smaller.
5.3 Foliar fertilization
Peanuts should pay attention to root and leaf protection in the later stages of growth. According to the growth potential, molybdenum fertilizer 350 ~ 400g / hm2, borax 700 ~ 800g / hm2, urea 1000 ~ 1600g / hm2, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1200 ~ 1600 / hm2, dissolved with an appropriate amount of water, sprayed 2 to 4 times every 7d intervals.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >6, pest control</h1>
6.1 Scarab beetles
Scarab beetles can affect a variety of crops, mainly threatening the underground parts of crops, such as seeds in the budding process, residual seed coats and stem blocks. The first control period: the use of 20% of chlorpyrifos, 160mL of spicy emulsion, 70kg of water spraying on the whole plant, the best spraying effect in the evening, this method has a better effect on the elimination of scarab beetles, especially for eggs, larvae and other elimination effect is remarkable. The second control period: Scarab beetles enter the peak stage of 1-3 instar larvae, begin to be pest at the 1st instar stage, and increase the amount of food in the 3rd stage.
6.2 New Black Ground SpiderWorm
The new black ground spider worm mainly harms the root of the peanut, black-brown parasite, threatening the root of the peanut while causing the plant to be short, the leaves are yellow, and even die, resulting in a harvest failure. Control method: In June to July of each year is the best time for control, you can use chlorpyrifos and octane emulsion 260 ~ 310mL, with 65kg of water spraying plants, or use 500 ~ 600mL of water flushing.
6.3 Rehmannia
Peanut root nematode, also known as peanut root knot nematode, commonly known as ground yellow disease, mainly affects the base leaves of peanuts, making the leaves yellow, thus falling off, in addition, the delay in flowering period is also the main manifestation of the disease, serious situations will cause the entire plant to turn yellow and short. At the same time, the underground part, pods, etc. will be endangered. Control method: use dibromochloropropane emulsion 4 kg with water 80 kg to apply into the soil, and sprinkle 4 to 5 kg of terbutin phosphorus into the soil at the same time, and then water. The interval between application is 20 to 25 days.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >7, disease control</h1>
7.1 Rhizome rot
The symptoms of rhizome rot are more obvious, and may present yellow-brown spots in the initial stage, and after a certain degree of spread, they form black-brown spots. Once the condition worsens, the petiole droops or the plant dies. In the case of relatively high humidity, the plant is easy to turn black and rot, and the leaves are yellow. It can be sprayed with drugs before flowering, such as a certain concentration of carbendazim wettable powder.
7.2 Blight
The disease is more likely to occur during the flowering period, mainly through soil, running water and agricultural tools, especially in plots with poor drainage and poor water and fertilizer retention. To this end, varieties with strong disease resistance should be selected, and the management of the field should be paid attention to, or a certain concentration of gram bacterium solution 500 to 2000 times the solution should be sprayed at the beginning of the disease.
7.3 Brown spot disease
Brown spot disease poses a threat to the leaves of peanuts, showing small spots at the beginning of the disease, which then spread, and a gray-brown mold layer appears in the event of high humidity. Therefore, in the process of variety selection, varieties with strong disease resistance should be selected, and the nutrient supply of peanuts should be strengthened.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >8</h1>
Through the analysis of wheat intercropping and intercropping technology, and the selection of high-yield and efficient cultivation technology in combination with the actual situation of regional development, the development and popularization of wheat intercropping intercropping technology are promoted. The advantages of wheat intercropping and intercropping technology are obvious, which can not only change the structure of agricultural production, but also lay the foundation for the increase of wheat production, which is of great significance to promoting the development of China's agriculture.
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