The chronicle of the fall of the four Kanto provinces is at the end of the chronicle

From the "918 Incident" to the fall of the four kanto provinces, it took about 2 years (many articles say that the three northeastern provinces fell, which is very inaccurate, it should be the fall of the four kanto provinces combined by Heijiliao and Rehe).

The main parties to the fall of the Kwantung (known to the Japanese as the "Manchurian Incident") included Zhang Xueliang, the de facto ruler of the four Kwantung provinces, and his armed clique, Puyi and his gang, the Kuomintang government; the Japanese military state, the Soviet Union that had reduced Northern Manchuria to a sphere of influence, and the Anglo-American-French League of Nations, which was responsible for mediation.

From the perspective of international treaties, the timeline is used to analyze the "revolutionary diplomacy" of the Kuomintang government, japan does not give up the benefits obtained by the treaty, the conflict between the two, and then the war.

The early days of the fall of kanto

(1929-1931 September 18 Incident)

In June 1928, Zhang Zuolin was supported by the Japanese Kwantung Army to dominate the four Kwantung provinces, but he was stronger and less obedient to Japan, and was murdered by the Kwantung Army. In December, Zhang Xueliang, the second official who succeeded Zhang Zuolin, announced that he had "changed his mind" and joined the Kuomintang government.

In February 1929, Zhang Xueliang was appointed as the provincial chairman of the four Kwantung provinces, and continued to exercise substantial control over the four Kwantung provinces.

In January 1929, the Kuomintang government announced that all private treaties signed by the provinces would not be recognized, and that unequal treaties would be abolished within three years.

In December 1929, the inactive Zhang Xueliang, encouraged by the revolutionary foreign policy, first moved in the Soviet Union's sphere of influence in Northern Manchuria, and finally failed to regain the North Manchuria Railway by force, and had to sign the Boli Agreement with the Union of Soviet Socialist States (USSR), and the two sides agreed to resume cooperation in the establishment of the "North Manchuria Railway". The exaggerated gongzi brother did not accomplish enough and failed more than enough, not only did everything return to the status quo ante, but also damaged the soldiers, but also led to the deterioration of relations between the Nationalist government and the Soviet Union, laying the foundation for the Soviet Union's foreign policy of not intervening in the Kanto region.

In December 1929, the government of the Republic of China announced the outline of revolutionary diplomacy, reclaimed the right to manage inland navigation, reclaimed the concession, demanded the withdrawal of foreign troops from China, and abolished the consular jurisdiction that lost power and humiliated the country. It was protested by major powers such as Britain, the United States and France.

In April 1930, the British agreed to return the Weihai Concession and complete the takeover in December.

In January 1931, Chiang Kai-shek announced that he would reclaim all the concessions within the year.

Knowing that it was only a matter of time before its privileges in China were regained, Japan refused to comply and began to plot to invade and occupy the Kanto Region.

In February 1931, revolutionary diplomacy received another round of applause, and Britain returned gengzi's reparations. Negotiations with Japan for the refund of compensation for Gengzi were fruitless. In May, the Nationalist government unilaterally abrogated all unequal treaties.

In August 1931, the Japanese spy Lieutenant Nakamura was killed (Nakamura Incident), and the Japanese military demanded retaliation by force. On September 18, the Japanese Kwantung Army stationed in the South Manchuria Railway concession area attacked Shenyang, and on the 19th Zhang Xueliang sent a telegram ordering the troops not to resist. Most of Fengtian Province fell. (The September 18 Incident, which the Japanese called the "Shenyang Incident")

The middle of the Fall of kanto

(September 1931 – September 1933 Pseudo-Manchukuo was founded)

On September 21, 1931, Changchun fell, followed by the Japanese Kwantung Army in turn to capture important strongholds in southern Manchuria, and Jilin Province fell.

In October 1931, the League of Nations decided to withdraw Japan's troops. Japan refused to withdraw its troops on the premise that the Nationalist government must recognize the treaty between the two countries. In November, the Kwantung Army invaded Northern Manchuria and most of Heilongjiang Province fell; Puyi absconded to Yingkou with the help of the Japanese. In December, the League of Nations organized an incident investigation mission.

In January 1932, the Japanese Kwantung Army attacked Zhang Xueliang's troops stationed in Jinzhou, and the Japanese Marines attacked Zhabei in Shanghai. In February, Harbin fell and Heilongjiang Province fell.

In March 1932, Puyi became the ruler of the pseudo-"Manchukuo", one of the symbols of the fall of the Kwantung. The League of Nations did not recognize the legitimacy of the pseudo-"Manchukuo", but the Soviet Union recognized the sovereignty of the pseudo-"Manchukuo" over the Middle East Road and gave it to Japan the North Manchurian Middle East Road that Zhang Xueliang had not won.

In May 1933, Japan was condemned by the League of Nations, the Battle of Songhu ceased fire under the supervision of the great powers, and then the Japanese militarists were dissatisfied with the armistice and assassinated Japanese Prime Minister Inuyasha, and the Japanese peaceful diplomacy faction completely ended. In July, the Japanese invaded Rehe Province.

In September 1932, Japan recognized the pseudo-"Manchukuo" and signed the Japan-Manchurian Pact and the Military Agreement, and the pseudo-"Manchukuo" recognized Japan's prerogatives in the Kwantung Region, and the Kwantung Army actually controlled the pseudo-Manchukuo.

The latter part of the fall of Kanto

(September 1932 – March 1933, all four provinces fell)

In January 1933, the Japanese army invaded Shanhaiguan. In February, the League of Nations demanded that Japan withdraw to the Japanese concession on the South Manchuria Railway, inviting the United States and the Soviet Union to intervene; The United States agreed to intervene, while the Soviet Union maintained a friendly policy toward Japan and did not intervene (in fact, it had negotiated the sale of its joint venture interest in the Middle East Road, and in 1935 the Soviet Union and the puppet state of Manchukuo signed an agreement and officially sold it).

In March 1933, the Kwantung Army was re-deployed, and Rehe Province fell, and Zhang Xueliang was considered responsible for this, stripped of all official titles, and shino. At the same time, in order to invade the four Kanto provinces, Japan was determined to tear its face with other powers, withdraw from the League of Nations, and no longer play the role of "good student of democratic schools."

In May 1933, the Tanggu Agreement came into force, and North China became a military buffer zone until the July 7 Lugou Bridge Incident in 1937. During this period, Japan continued to consolidate its rule in the four Kanto provinces, turning them into a base for invading China.