Today, I would like to introduce Liu Qingyang from the Brigade Group in France.
Liu Qingyang, female, Hui, from Tianjin. In 1912, he graduated from the Beiyang First Girls' Normal School, and after the May Fourth Movement, he joined the Enlightenment Society organized by Zhou Enlai and other organizations. In 1920, he went to France for work-study, joined the Communist Party of China in Paris at the beginning of the following year, and together with Zhang Shenfu introduced Zhou Enlai to the party. In 1924, he went to the Soviet Union to attend the Fifth Congress of the Communist International. He broke away from the Communist Party of China in 1927. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he served as the leader of the training group of the Women's Steering Committee of the Chinese New Life Movement and the executive director of the Chinese Women's Fraternity Association. He rejoined the Communist Party of China in 1961. He died unjustly in 1977, but was rehabilitated and restored in 1979.
Liu Qingyang was born on February 15, 1894, to a Hui civilian family in Tianjin. At the age of 12, he entered the Tianjin Yan's Girls' School and initially received an enlightened education in patriotism. At a fundraising conference initiated by Tianjin patriots to "build a navy and consolidate national defense", she not only donated all her pocket money, but also resolutely donated her beloved gold ring to the conference. For a time, the moving deeds of "thirteen-year-old female students donating a gold ring" were passed down as a good story in Tianjin.
During the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, Liu Qingyang, who was studying at the First Girls' Normal School directly under the Tianjin Municipal Government, joined the Tianjin Republican Association, a secret organization of the League in Tianjin. Together with the members of the Republican Association, she mimeographed anti-Qing propaganda materials, carried out revolutionary propaganda to the masses, and actively spied on military information and raised funds for the Luanzhou uprising. In 1919, when the May Fourth Movement broke out, Tianjin students were moved by the wind, liu Qingyang and deng Yingchao and Guo Longzhen, classmates of the women's division directly under the female teacher, initiated the establishment of the Tianjin Women's Patriotic Comrades Association, and Liu Qingyang was elected as the president. They marched in the streets, shouted slogans, and publicized the principle of advocating domestic products and boycotting Japanese goods in the streets and alleys. They also broke the boundaries between men and women, fought side by side with the Tianjin Federation of Students, and held a huge demonstration. Liu Qingyang showed a high degree of patriotic enthusiasm and outstanding organizational skills in the struggle, especially her speech, which was even more inspiring. She was elected as the executive director of the Tianjin Federation of All Walks of Life and the Executive Director of the All-China Federation of All Walks of Life. In late June 1919, due to the imminent date of signing the Versailles contract, the Federation of All Walks of Life in Tianjin met on June 26 and decided to send Liu Qingyang and 10 other representatives to Beijing, and together with the representatives of Shandong and Beijing, petitioned the government to refuse to sign the contract. On the morning of the 27th, when they came to the Xinhuamen Presidential Palace in Beijing to submit a petition, President Xu Shichang refused to receive them, and petitioning representative Liu Qingyang and 10 other Tianjin deputies, despite the scorching sun, sat in a sit-in in front of the gate of the presidential palace and strongly demanded that Xu Shichang come out to receive them. The indomitable struggle of the Tianjin deputies was enthusiastically supported by the students and citizens of Beijing. Xu Shichang had to come out on the evening of the 28th to receive the Tianjin representative. In the face of Xu Shichang, Liu Qingyang righteously pointed out: "Rejecting the Paris Treaty and canceling the Twenty-one Traitorous Secret Treaties is the voice of forty million people. I now ask the President to immediately call the representative of our country in Paris, refusing to sign and canceling the twenty-one articles and all unequal treaties. This petition is entrusted by the people and we will never go back empty-handed! "At the strong demand of petitioning representatives from all walks of life and the pressure of the people of the whole country, the Chinese delegation finally refused to sign the peace treaty.
On September 16, 1919, Liu Qingyang, Together with Zhou Enlai, Ma Jun, Guo Longzhen, Deng Yingchao, and 20 other young men and women, held a meeting at the office of the Tianjin Federation of Students in Caochang'an and established the Tianjin Youth Progressive Group Consciousness Society, which published the journal "Enlightenment" in the spirit of "revolutionary heart" and "innovation" and with the purpose of "self-consciousness" and "self-determination", to discuss new trends of thought in the world and lead the Tianjin student movement. On November 16, when Fuzhou students were burning Japanese goods, the Japanese imperialists actually shot and killed our students and patrol policemen, creating a sensational "Fuzhou Massacre" that caused a sensation in the whole country. In order to protest against the "Fuzhou Massacre," under the meticulous organization of the Awakening Society, people from all walks of life in Tianjin held huge rallies and demonstrations. On January 29, 1920, the tianjin reactionary authorities dispatched the military and police to suppress the patriotic action of the masses by force, and arrested Zhou Enlai, Guo Longzhen and four other student representatives. In the early morning of the day after the massacre, Liu Qingyang disguised himself as a Catholic nun and traveled south along Jinpu Road to Nanjing. She complained to the Nanjing Federation of Students of the crimes of the reactionary authorities in Tianjin and called on compatriots from all walks of life across the country to rescue the arrested student representatives in Tianjin. The Nanjing Federation of Students immediately mobilized more than 10,000 students to demonstrate. Then she came to Shanghai and complained to the All-China Federation of Students. The All-China Federation of Students held a rally of more than 30,000 people at the Shanghai Racecourse, at which Liu Qingyang lamented the brutal suppression of the Tianjin patriotic student movement. The congress strongly demanded that the Tianjin authorities release the arrested students and resolved to elect a nationwide solidarity. Due to Liu Qingyang's shouts of encouragement and widespread solidarity from people from all walks of life across the country, the arrested student representatives were finally released in mid-July 1920. Liu Qingyang emerged from the Tianjin student movement, and after the baptism of the May Fourth Movement, he has matured politically. On August 16, 1920, Liu Qingyang, Zhou Enlai, Deng Yingchao and 11 other members of the Enlightened Society came to Beijing and invited representatives of the four groups of the "Young Chinese Society", "Shuguang Society", "Humane Society" and "Youth Work-study Mutual Aid Group" in Beijing to hold a symposium to jointly seek social transformation, and Liu Qingyang was elected as the moderator of the meeting. During the forum, Li Dazhao, a well-known professor at Peking University, and Zhang Shenfu, a lecturer, also attended the meeting and made speeches, and their speeches had a profound impact on this group of young people.
At the end of 1920, the Awakening Society decided to send Zhou Enlai, Liu Qingyang and others to France. Liu Qingyang went to France and was in the same boat as Zhang Shenfu, who was hired to teach at the University of Lyon in Paris. When Zhang Shenfu, Li Dazhao, Zhang Guotao, and others initiated the establishment of the early organization of the Communist Party in Beijing, they wanted to develop Liu Qingyang to join, but Liu Qingyang did not agree at that time. On the way to the sea, Zhang Shenfu introduced the October Revolution and Bolshevism to Liu Qingyang, which enabled Liu Qingyang to have a better understanding of the communist revolution and finally agreed to join the early organization of the Communist Party. In the spring of 1921, Zhang Shenfu and Liu Qingyang introduced Zhou Enlai to join the early organization of the Communist Party of China in France. Subsequently, Zhao Shiyan and Chen Gongpei took Chen Duxiu's letter and connected with Zhang Shenfu. At this point, the early organization of the Communist Party of China in Paris was formally established, and its members were the above 5 people, with Zhang Shenfu as the person in charge. This was the first early organization of the Chinese Communist Party among Chinese work-study students and Chinese workers in Europe before the founding of the Communist Party of China. This year Liu Qingyang was 27 years old. In early 1922, Zhang Shenfu fell out with Wu Zhihui, the organizer and leader of the work-study movement, for supporting Chinese work-study students, and lost his position as a professor at the Chinese Academy of the University of Lyon. Forced by necessity, Zhang Shenfu took his newlywed wives Liu Qingyang and Zhou Enlai to Berlin, Germany, where prices were low, in February 1922.
In the winter of 1923, Liu Qingyang and Zhang Shenfu returned from Germany via the Soviet Union. After returning to China, Liu Qingyang joined the Tianjin Women's Progress Group "Female Star Society" led by Deng Yingchao and others, founded the "Women's Daily", and served as the general manager of the newspaper. She published a series of articles promoting women's liberation in the Women's Daily. She also wrote articles promoting and introducing eugenics and advocating for birth restriction. Xiang Jingyu, then minister of women's affairs of the CPC Central Committee, once praised it as "the era of Women's Daily, the first news of China's heavy female circles." In 1923, the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China established the policy of establishing a revolutionary united front with the Kuomintang. In accordance with the three major policies, the Northern District Committee of the CPC decided that Liu Qingyang would join the Kuomintang and engage in revolutionary work as a cross-party member. In the spring of 1924, Liu Qingyang was sent to Guangzhou by the CCP organization to participate in the work of the Women's Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee led by Liao Zhongkai's wife He Xiangning, publicizing and mobilizing women throughout the country to actively participate in the Great Revolutionary Movement. In May of the same year, he accompanied Li Dazhao to the Soviet Union to attend the Fifth Congress of the Communist International, where he was arranged to speak and introduce the development of the women's movement in China. In the spring of 1925, Liu Qingyang attended the National Congress of the National Assembly And was elected as a standing committee member of the National Assembly. After the meeting, in order to strengthen the leadership of the left in Beijing, the Kuomintang Beijing Special City Party Department was established, and Liu Qingyang was elected as a member of the Executive Committee of the Beijing Special City Party Department and served as the minister of women's department. During her tenure, she did a lot of work in uniting women from all walks of life to develop progressive forces, publicizing the CCP's ideas, and mobilizing the masses to carry out anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggles. In 1926, when the "March 18 Massacre" occurred in Beijing, the Duan Qirui government issued a list of 48 people wanted by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party on March 26, the first being Li Dazhao and the second being Liu Qingyang. In an extremely urgent situation, Liu Qingyang and Li Dazhao, as well as the leading organs of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, had to be transferred to the barracks in the western courtyard of the Soviet Embassy in Dongjiaomin Lane. Soon, the warlord Zhang Zuolin entered the border and intensified his suppression of revolutionaries from the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, plunging the whole city of Beijing into a white terror. In January 1927, Liu Qingyang received a notice from the Women's Department of the CPC Central Committee and transferred her to wuhan to work. At that time, the situation in Beijing under the warlord Zhang Zuolin was very severe, and if Liu Qingyang left the Soviet embassy, he would be in danger of being arrested and killed at any time. However, in order to carry out the instructions of the party organization, Liu Qingyang decided to risk killing himself. After some disguise, under the cover and escort of the wife and sister of a Kuomintang leftist, he rushed out of the east gate of the embassy in a car and went straight to Tianjin, and then from Tianjin took a boat south and turned to Shanghai to wuhan. After arriving in Wuhan, Liu Qingyang successively served as the head of the training unit of the Kuomintang Central Women's Department led by Xiang Ning, the head of the training class for senior women cadres of the Kuomintang Central Committee sponsored by Song Qingling, and the director of the Women's Department of the Kuomintang Party Department in Hankou City. On July 15, 1927, Wang Jingwei opposed communism, and the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation broke down completely, and Liu Qingyang withdrew from the Kuomintang. Because he was pregnant and had miscarried more than once for the revolution, Liu Qingyang broke away from the Communist Party under the complicated circumstances of the White Terror.
In January 1925, Zhang Shenfu broke away from the Communist Party in Shanghai because of his disagreement with Chen Duxiu, and later taught in the Department of Philosophy at Tsinghua University in Beiping. After leaving the party, Liu Qingyang and her husband Zhang Shenfu lived in Tsinghua Garden. After the September 18 Incident, Liu Qingyang could not resist the anger in his heart, re-entered the political stage, and actively participated in the anti-Japanese salvation movement. In 1933, when the Great Wall War of Resistance broke out, Liu Qingyang united women from all walks of life in Beiping to set up an anti-Japanese rescue and consolation team to carry out the work of rescuing wounded soldiers. After the outbreak of the 129 Movement, on January 4, 1936, the students of Tsinghua University who participated in the Southbound Petition Group gathered in the playground and were ready to go, and Liu Qingyang braved the severe cold to shake hands with the students who went south to shake hands and say goodbye. On January 12, the inaugural meeting of the Peking Women's National Salvation Federation was held at the Law and Business School of Peking University, and Liu Qingyang presided over the meeting and was elected as the chairman of the Peking Women's Salvation Association. The Kuomintang authorities ignored the danger of the nation's demise and vigorously suppressed the people's anti-Japanese salvation movement. In the early morning of February 29, the military and police suddenly surrounded Tsinghua University, and Zhang Shenfu and Liu Qingyang were both arrested. Liu Qingyang was imprisoned in an army prison. When interrogating her, the chief of the Military Justice Department of the Beiping War Department said: "Some people have denounced you as a communist, and as long as you tell who you are directing, you will be allowed to go out if you are no longer instigated by women to make trouble!" Liu Qingyang said with a straight face: "I can also tell you that I was once a Communist Party member, and now I am just a commoner." I was instructed by my conscience to die not to be a slave to the state. I am engaged in the patriotic movement, and if the law convicts patriotism, then listen; if patriotism is not guilty, then let me go, and I will go out and do the patriotic movement. Liu Qingyang was kept in prison for three months, and after many rescues from all walks of life, he was released from prison on May 22. As soon as she was released from prison, she rushed to Shanghai to attend the inaugural meeting of the National Federation for the Salvation of the Nation from all walks of life, which opened on May 31, and was elected as a standing committee member of the Federation. At the beginning of July, he returned to Beiping and continued to participate in the anti-Japanese salvation movement that led Beiping. In February 1937, the Federation for the Salvation of the Nation from all walks of life in North China, including 7 provinces, was established in Beiping. The federation is headed by 5 CPC members Yang Xiufeng, Zhang Youyu, Xu Bing, Zhang Shenfu and Liu Qingyang, who are in charge of organizational work. When the Lugou Bridge Incident broke out in 1937, the Beiping Federation of National Salvation contacted more people's organizations and established the Beiping Anti-Enemy Support Association to support the Kuomintang 29th Army fighting against Japan. At that time, Liu Qingyang's home was the liaison center between the National Salvation Federation and the Twenty-ninth Army, exchanging information, and assigning work. After that, Liu Qingyang resolutely decided to go to the rear of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression to participate in the salvation movement. At that time, Wuhan was the political center of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to resist Japan, and in the anti-Japanese boom, Liu Qingyang, 43, took to the streets to publicize unity and anti-Japanese resistance to the people. She and Feng Yuxiang's wife, Li Dequan, and others organized the wartime childcare association, and were elected as the director of the nursery and the deputy director of the transportation committee. She and Deng Yingchao, Shi Liang, Shen Zijiu and other well-known social activists attended the Lushan Women's Talk Meeting convened by Song Meiling. As a result of these efforts, the Women's Steering Committee of Soong Mei Ling's New Life Movement was enlarged and reorganized, making it a united front organization for the women's circles to unite against Japan. In late April 1939, Liu Qingyang arrived in Chongqing. During the bombing of Chongqing, Liu Qingyang personally led the staff of the Women's Steering Committee to set up tea stations along the road leading to Ciqikou outside the city until the refugees were evacuated. During his two years as the leader of the training group in the Women's Steering Committee, Liu Qingyang trained nearly a thousand anti-Japanese women cadres.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Liu Qingyang returned to Beijing from Chongqing on May 25, 1946. After returning to Beiping, she immediately joined the work of the North China General Branch and the Beiping City Branch of the Democratic League, and contacted the CHINESE representatives of the Military Investigation Department in Beiping to provide relevant information to the Military Investigation Department. Yang Xiufeng, chairman of the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Border Region Government, relayed to Liu Qingyang through Xu Bingbin, a CADRE OF the CPC in the Military Investigation Department, that revolutionary intellectuals are urgently needed in the Liberated Areas, and asked Liu Qingyang to introduce and send progressive and knowledgeable youth to the Liberated Areas. Liu Qingyang replied indignantly. Regardless of her personal safety, she traveled back and forth with Pingjin and kept close contact with the leaders of the student movement, went to Peking University, Normal University, and Nankai University in Tianjin to give speeches and mobilize, and introduced groups of progressive young intellectuals to the Liberated Areas to engage in revolutionary work. In late November 1948, Liu Qingyang and a group of other democrats were escorted to Lizhuang, the seat of the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee in Pingshan County, Hebei Province, to participate in the preparations for the new CPPCC. At the end of the year, they were received to Xibaipo, the seat of the CPC Central Committee, and were cordially received by Mao Zedong and other leading comrades of the CPC Central Committee. On February 2, 1949, Liu Qingyang was invited by the Pingjin Front Command of the People's Liberation Army to climb the Zhengyang Gate Tower to watch the People's Liberation Army's grand ceremony of entering the city. In March 1949, Liu Qingyang attended the first All-China Women's Federation and was elected as an executive member of the All-China Democratic Women's Federation. In September of the same year, as a representative of the All-China Women's Federation, she attended the first plenary session of the Chinese Political Consultative Conference. After the founding of New China, Liu Qingyang was a member of the First, Second, and Third National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a member of the Standing Committee of the Fourth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a deputy to the First, Second, and Third National People's Congresses, and a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League. He has also served as a member of the Cultural and Educational Committee of the State Council, a member of the People's Government of Hebei Province, a vice chairman of the Hebei Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the principal of the All-China Women's Federation Women's Cadre School, the chairman of the Beijing Women's Association, the vice chairman of the All-China Women's Federation, and the vice president of the All-China Red Cross Society.
Liu Qingyang very much hopes to return to the party. In Wuhan at the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, she proposed to the CCP leader Zhou Enlai that the CPC Central Committee would approve the restoration of her party membership. Zhou Enlai advised her to stay outside the party for the time being to facilitate the united front work. After liberation, she applied again and again to join the party. In 1961, Liu Qingyang was finally allowed to rejoin the Chinese Communist Party. In February 1963, on Liu Qingyang's 70th birthday, she recalled the scene of the gathering with Zhou Enlai and others on her 50th birthday 20 years ago, and she was full of emotions and wrote a poem: "Shaoguang is easy to pass away and twenty years old, and the beginning of seventy years is still in his prime." Step through the bumpy roads, transform the rivers and mountains more forward. During the Cultural Revolution, Liu Qingyang was not spared. On July 19, 1977, he died at the age of 83. On August 3, 1979, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China rehabilitated Liu Qingyang.
