On the cover is a water-red bust of Marx signed "Co-authored by Magus and Angles, translated by Chen Wangdao"; on the back cover is printed "Published in August 1920, Priced in the Corner of the Ocean, Printed and Distributed by the Socialist Research Society"—the first full translation of the Communist Manifesto Chinese. In the past century, there are only 12 first translations of the Manifesto left nationwide, of which 5 were found in Shanghai as the birthplace of the Party.
The Communist Manifesto was born in the tense times of that year, and the full text is arranged vertically in Lead No. 5 and is 56 pages long. Due to the typesetting problems of small prints, the title of the book was printed as the "Communist Declaration", but the 1,000 copies printed were either given away or sold, and they were quickly sold out. The 5th "Declaration" in Shanghai has not only become a rare "wrong version", but also has at least experienced the change of "three changes". Take a look at the book's "Crusoe" and connect with it...
【Where did the two book seals come from】
The volume of "The Communist Manifesto", which is currently in the collection of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Library, has the inscription "Tribute to Mr. Xiulu" in the upper left corner of the cover, the seal of "Library Collection of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics" in the middle, and the seal of "Xiulu Collection" on the first page.
Xu Guangshou, a special vice president of the China Li Dazhao Research Association and vice president of the Shanghai Communist Party History Society, and from the Marxist College of Shanghai Lixin Institute of Accounting and Finance, said that the "Xiulu Collection" was printed, indicating that this "Declaration" was in Wang Yunwu's five old collections. Wang Yun No. 5 "Xiulu", in his later years, signed himself: Xiulu Old Man, born in Shanghai in 1888. Exactly 100 years ago, in September 1921, Wang Yunwu was recommended by Hu Shi to enter the Compilation Institute of the Commercial Press, and became the director in January of the following year.
Wang Yunwu has a deep relationship with "Lixin". In 1928, Pan Shulun founded the Lixin Accounting Tuition School, and in 1937, after being filed with the Ministry of Education, he raised a fund of 170,000 yuan to establish the Xinxin Accounting College. At this time, Wang Yunwu was invited by Pan Xulun to participate in the establishment of the school. On April 15th, at the first council meeting of Fong's Accounting College held at the Bank Club at No. 59 Hong Kong Road in Shanghai, Chen Qicai (Zi Yishi) was elected as the chairman of the school council (chairman) and Wang Yunwu was elected as the vice chairman (vice chairman) of the school council.
After the outbreak of the Pacific War, Lixin moved inland to Chongqing to run the school. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Ministry of Education approved the reopening of Lixin Accounting College in Shanghai, and in 1947 moved to a new site in Persimmon Bay, Xuhui District. The original school building and property in Beibei, Chongqing, including all books with less than 10,000 volumes, could not be shipped to Shanghai, and the library of the new school in Shanghai was very short of books. As a result, Pan Shulun's eldest brother Pan Boyan donated 10,000 books, and Wang Yunwu also donated a large number of "Xiulu Books". Xu Guangshou believes that "the 'Xiulu Collection', including this volume of the Declaration, should be entered at this time in the Yishi Library of the Lixin Accounting College in Tibet." ”
According to the "80th Anniversary Of Shanghai Lixin Accounting Institute", in September 1948, the Library had a total of 36,916 books in Chinese and foreign languages, 1,615 volumes in Chinese and foreign magazines, of which 18,546 were sent by Wang Yunwu. In 1950, the National Shanghai Business School was renamed Shanghai Institute of Finance and Economics, and in 1952, the private Fong's Accounting College was also merged into the Shanghai Institute of Finance and Economics, and the books of the Fong's Accounting College were handed over, so the "Declaration" was also stamped with the seal of "Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Library Collection".
In 1958, the Shanghai Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Shanghai Institute of Finance and Economics, the East China University of Political Science and Law, and the Law Department of Fudan University merged to form the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, and at the same time established the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Library on the basis of the library of the East China University of Political Science and Law and the library of the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics. At this point, this "Declaration", together with other "Xiulu Books", was moved to the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Branch at No. 1610 Zhongshan West Road. It is worth noting that the site of the newly built Lixin School in Huihu is in the area of present-day Xuhong North Road, only about 700 meters away from the "Birthplace of the Party" data center of the Shangsheyuan Library of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences where the book is located.
【Joint venture with Zou Taofen "classmate"】
The Jiefang Ribao Shangguan News reporter learned that in terms of "red publishing and printing," not only Chinese edition of the "Communist Manifesto," today's Shanghai Lixin Institute of Accounting and Finance has deep ties with famous newspapers and periodicals in the history of the school in the past century.
As an economist, accountant and educator, Pan Xulun, the founder of Lixin's business, and Zou Taofen are classmates of St. John's University in Shanghai, graduating from the class of 1921. In the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Life Bookstore was directly under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and under the auspices and paintings of Zou Taofen, its main store successively moved to Wuhan and Chongqing, and more than 50 branch stores were set up in Chengdu, Guilin, Kunming and other cities, and 2 overseas branches were also set up in Hong Kong and Singapore, which was known as "a backbone of china's revolutionary publishing industry".
After the Anhui Incident in 1941, all domestic branches except Chongqing were closed or ordered to close down, and all employees were arrested or dismissed. Zou Taofen was furious and lodged a series of strong protests against the Kuomintang government. In February 1941, he resigned as a national suffragist and left Chongqing alone for Hong Kong, where Xu Boxin insisted.
Pan Xulun is anxious about the encounter of his old classmates and the life bookstore, how to help him get through the difficulties? The Japanese army invading China imposed a comprehensive economic blockade, the road transportation in Yunnan and Burma was blocked, and the supply of paper in the southwest rear area was seriously insufficient; textbooks such as the "Lixin Accounting Series" presided over by Pan Xulun were originally published by the Commercial Press, but for some reason they could not be supplied as scheduled, affecting the study of colleges and universities, secondary school students, and self-study students in the rear area. President Pan Xulun and General Manager Xu Boxin agreed that Lixin and Life Bookstore would jointly run a bookstore.
Pan Xulun came forward to complete the registration procedures, and on June 1, 1941, Fong's Accounting Books and Supplies Society was established in Chongqing. Due to the lack of talent and experience in publishing and distribution, Xu Boxin sent Zhu Daning, deputy general manager of Life Bookstore, as the manager and presided over the supply company. He also set up the Zhongxing Paper Mill, which was recorded in the "General History of China, Twelve Volumes" edited by Bai Shouyi.
Tu Suzhong, a former division-level researcher in the Office of the President of Shanghai Lixin Accounting Institute and a former deputy director of the Cultural and Historical Office of the Jiangxi Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, believes that Xu Boxin and Zhu Daning joined the CPC in the Life Bookstore and that the joint venture with Lixin was also the result of the anti-Japanese patriotic united front. ZTE Paper Mill has more than 400 employees and provides sufficient paper for Chongqing Xinhua Daily. Zhou Enlai once commented: "The ZTE Paper Factory is like an arsenal in our frontline operations. ”
【Making newsprint for Xinhua Daily】
In fact, Xinhua Daily was the product of the second Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, the first national organ newspaper sponsored by the Communist Party of China at the center of Kuomintang rule, and its circulation during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression grew from more than 10,000 copies at the beginning of its founding to more than 50,000 copies later. Xinhua Ribao published Marxist-Leninist and anti-Japanese progressive books and periodicals, using a lot of paper, and a small amount of allotments from the Ministry of Economy of the National Government could be described as a drop in the bucket. Especially after the Anhui Incident, Dai Kasa, the head of the military command's secret service, threatened Chongqing paper merchants not to sell paper to Xinhua Daily.
Therefore, under the leadership of president Pan Zinian, Xinhua Ribao made use of various relations such as village friendship and clan relatives to carry out united front work. Tu Suzhong said that at the right time, Pan Xulun used his position and in the name of "Lixin" to jointly set up a paper mill with the underground party, and also gave birth to a corporate legal person- Lixin Accounting Books and Supplies Society. In the company, Pan Xulun is the president and Xu Boxin is the general manager. Solving the "difficulty of publishing books" at Lixin Accounting College is only a superficial appearance, but in fact it is a clever move for the secret front of the party leadership to supply paper for Xinhua Daily.
In his later years, Pan Xulun also wrote in his memoirs: "Comrade Pan Hannian was originally a distant nephew of yixing County, Jiangsu Province, and his eldest brother Pan Zinian served as the editor-in-chief of Chongqing's Xinhua Daily during the eight-year War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. ”
On the other hand, the members of the board of directors of Lixin are mostly important figures in Chongqing. Taking the chairman of the school as an example, Chen Qicai was a member of the National Government, the comptroller, the uncle of Chen Lifu and Chen Guofu, and his brother Chen Qimei was a pioneer of the Xinhai Revolution and had the grace of knowing Chiang Kai-shek. The Kuomintang diehards knew that Lixin's background was hard, and that Lixin's accounting education was a private school that needed to be raised, so they did not dare to make a mistake against Lixin.
In addition, Pan Xulun also designed and inscribed the circular pattern of the seal "Lixin" for the safety of the transportation of paper mill products, and applied to the Trademark Office of the National Government for trademark registration. The newsprint was wrapped and stamped with the trademark of "Lixin" and the red seal of "Chongqing Lixin Book Supplies Society", and the ship was loaded on board, although there were many checkpoints for the Kuomintang army, police, constitution and special along the way, but it was able to pass through various inspections smoothly and safely reach chongqing Xinhua Daily.
Column Editor-in-Chief: Xu Ruizhe Text Editor: Xu Ruizhe Title Image Source: Liberation Vision Photo Editor: Shao Jing
Source: Author: Xu Ruizhe