The Liao State (907-1125 AD) was a feudal dynasty established by the Khitan leader Yelü Abaoji (872-926) in northern China; the Jin Kingdom (1115-1234 AD) was a feudal dynasty established by the Jurchen leader Guanyan Akuta (1068-1123) in northeastern China.
Song stood side by side with Liao and Jin
After the establishment of the Liao State, in order to compete for territory such as "Youyun Sixteen Prefectures", it had a long-term war with the Northern Song Dynasty. The well-known "Yang Family Will Evolve" - The Yang family will resist the Liao, and the story reflects this history. The "Speech of the General of the Yang Family" says that the traitorous minister Pan Renmei declared a personal vendetta and refused to send troops to receive Yang Ye at a critical moment, resulting in Yang Ye being martyred in front of Li Ling's monument; after the Northern Song Dynasty's famous minister Kou Zhun (961-1023) "wise trial of Pan Yang's case", Pan Renmei was killed - in fact, there is no Pan Renmei in history, and its prototype is Pan Mei (925-991). According to the "History of Song" and other records, Pan Mei was a famous general of the Northern Song Dynasty, and his military achievements were outstanding, and Yongxi's three years (986) army failed to attack the Liao state, resulting in Yang Ye (?) –986) The entire army was destroyed, and Pan Mei was demoted to the rank of Inspector Taibao(s) by three levels. In the second year of Chunhua (991), Pan Mei died of illness, and was posthumously given the Zhongshu Ling,the courtesy name Wu Hui (武惠), with the taimiao temple. The Pan clan of Qutan Village, Lingzhi Subdistrict, Yuecheng District, is recorded in the genealogy as a descendant of Pan Mei. Legend has it that in the old days, when the Pan clan in Qutan Village worshipped their ancestors, the statue of Pan Mei hung on the top had no head on it, and the human head was placed on the ground - whether this inherited the story in the "Yang Family General Yanyi", it is unknown.
In the second year of Xuanhe (1120), Song and Jin formed an alliance on the sea, agreeing to jointly attack and destroy the Liao state. In the war to jointly attack the Liao State, the Northern Song Dynasty was poor and weak, and the weakness of the Northern Song Army was fully seen by the Jin Dynasty. After the fall of the Liao state in the seventh year of Xuanhe (1125), the beautiful rivers and mountains, rich economy, and developed culture in the south (Song Dynasty) naturally aroused the infinite greed of the nobles of the Jin Dynasty. Soon after, Song and Jin fell in love. In the spring of the first year of Jing Kang (1126), Emperor Taizong of Jin mobilized Jin soldiers to march south in a big way, the Song army was unable to resist, and the capital Beijing was in a hurry...
Shaoxing has a slang phrase called "gong hammer", and the northern dialect is called "pick a pick", which means that at the critical time, it is not dry, resting on the side waiting to see you out of the ocean. The great calligraphers, famous flower and bird painters, famous poets, famous court musicians, famous garden architects, famous football (juju) athletes, and famous Taoist emperors of Taoism, the famous Daojun Emperor, who created a beautiful "thin gold body" character, immediately "whipped the gong and hammer"! He decreed that the crown prince Zhao Huan (1100-1156), the Song Qinzong, would make himself Emperor Taishang.
Song Huizong calligraphy
Of course, Jin Bing could not have stopped the pace of the southern expedition because of The Zen position of Emperor Huizong of Song. Historical records record that the Jin soldiers crossed the Yellow River and pulled up the city pool, and the momentum along the way was like a bamboo. Soon, the capital Fenjing was besieged by the Jin Legion.
Under the capital city, the flag hunts, the horses roar, the swords and guns roll, and the iron horses are abrupt. Historical records record that at that time, the Jin soldiers who besieged the city first launched a strong attack with fire boats, and Li Gang (1083-1140), a famous minister who resisted jin, personally boarded the head of the capital city, commanded the soldiers to hook the fire boat with a scratching hook, and then threw large stones from the city tower to sink the golden soldiers' fire boats; later, the Jin soldiers used cloud ladders to attack the city, and Li Gang ordered the soldiers to burn the cloud ladder and shoot countless golden soldiers with bows and arrows.
At this time, the anti-gold situation began to improve. More than 200,000 rebels from Hebei, Shandong and other places came to "Qin Wang", and their forwards had already appeared near Fenjing; various officers and troops were also on the way to Beijing. In addition, the Killing and Looting of the Jin Soldiers along the road south provoked the people of the North to resist bravely, and the rear of the Jin Soldiers was already under the threat of the rebels.
Song Qinzong
However, poor Song Huizong, Song Qinzong, and others had been so frightened by jin bing that they had to pinch their eggs even across the bridge—always worried about whether the eggs would fall into the water—Song Huizong and Song Qinzong ordered King Kang Zhao Zhuo (1107-1187) to be taken hostage in the Jinguo camp and presented maps and oaths; Song Qinzong called himself "Emperor of the Great Song Dynasty", honored Jin Taizong and called Yan Sheng (1075-1135) the "Emperor of Bodajin", and promised to send a large amount of gold and silver... After the Jin soldiers plundered outside the capital city, BanShibei returned.
In the winter of the second year of Jing Kang (1127), the Jin soldiers once again went south and attacked Bieliang, resulting in the famous "Jing kang change" in history -- all kinds of atrocities committed by the Jin soldiers, which were heinous: in the capital of Jing, the people were devastated and slaughtered, countless houses and palace gardens were destroyed by war, and everywhere was like hell on earth; countless gold and silver treasures, antique calligraphy and paintings, and cultural relics and classics hidden in the treasury and inside and outside the palace were looted by the Jin soldiers; more than 3,000 people, including Song Huizong, Song Qinzong, harem concubines, and imperial nobles, were abducted by the Jin soldiers.
The change of Jingkang
The fate of Emperor Huizong of Song, Emperor Qinzong of Song, concubines of the harem, and nobles of the imperial family who were abducted to the north was extremely tragic. Song Huizong, Song Qinzong and others were insulted and tortured along the way, and the dead continued to pass. Many of the captive women were rewarded as slaves to the Jinguo soldiers who had made meritorious contributions to the Southern Expedition, and some were even sold as cattle to the Jinguo people as slaves...
Emperor Huizong of Song, Emperor Qinzong of Song, and others finally reached Huining Province, the capital of the Jin Dynasty (in present-day southern Acheng District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province), and Emperor Taizong of Jin held a grand "sacrifice ceremony" -- ordering Emperor Huizong of Song, Emperor Qinzong of Song, his royal family, his concubines, and the princesses to put on the costumes of the common people of the Jin Dynasty, wrap their heads in pabu, wear sheep fur, and expose their upper bodies, and go to the great temple of the founding emperor of the Jin Dynasty to hold a "sheep-leading ceremony" at the great temple of yan Akuta. Some queen concubines, princesses, etc. really couldn't bear such a strange humiliation, and many people committed suicide that day.
The historical record of the concubines of the captured harem of the Great Song Dynasty is simply a filthy yellow novel. Empress Zhu Lian (1102-1028) of Song Qinzong had a stronger willpower than the average woman, and in order to survive, she silently endured the "leading sheep ceremony". What he did not expect was that Jin Taizong coveted her beauty after Yan Sheng, and then actually let her enter the palace to "give a bath". In order to protect her innocence, Empress Zhu Lian chose to commit suicide. According to the Records of Nandu, the Records of Stealing Anger, and the Chronicles of the Southern Embers, The Birth Mother of King Zhao of Kang, Princess Wei Xianfei (1080?). –1159), Princess Xing Bingyi (1103–1139, later honored as empress by Emperor Gaozong of Song) and daughter Zhao Foyou (1124?) —？ ), Zhao Shenyou (1124—?) All were sent to the "Huan Yi Yuan" as slaves, and were bullied and insulted by the Jin people - "Zhengshi" was secretive about this, and according to some "wild history" records, in the Jin Kingdom, Wei Xianfei had two sons, Empress Xing repeatedly became pregnant and miscarried and died in foreign countries, Zhao Foyou, Zhao Shenyou and others were unknown, and the most beautiful daughter of Emperor Huizong of Song, Emperor Maode, Zhao Fujin (1103-1128), was forced to marry the Prince of Jin and the prime minister successively, and two years later broke the "Valley Road" and died...
"The Great Song Xuan and testament"
In order to humiliate the Song court, Emperor Taizong of Jin also made Emperor Huizong of Song the Duke of Xiade and Emperor Qinzong of Song the Title of "Marquis of Chongdu". "The westerly wind shook the door all night, and the depressed lonely house was faintly lit. Looking back at the three thousand miles of the family mountain, there are no geese flying in the south of the mountain", Song Huizong's poem "In the North Inscription Wall" was enough to make the courtiers feel pain and not want to die, and also made posterity burst into tears. Later, Emperor Huizong of Song finally died in the Five Kingdoms City (五国城; in present-day Yilan County, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province). Legend has it that the body of Emperor Huizong of Song was used by the Jin people to "refine lamp oil" – this is either nonsense. However, according to the "Great Song Xuanhe Testament", after the death of Emperor Huizong of Song, the jin people carried the body to a stone pit according to the customs of the land, "the corpse was erected next to it, burned with tea and wild vines, scorched and half, destroyed with water, pierced with wooden sticks, and abandoned in the pit" - if you refer to the Han funeral, this scene is simply "sadistic corpse", unbearable to see ah...
According to the "Great Song Xuanhe Testament" record, in the twenty-sixth year of the Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxing (Jin Zhenglong's first year, 1156), the Jin lord Yan Liang (1122-1161) ordered Song Qinzong to play polo, Song Qinzong did not dare to resign, but he was weak, not good at equestrianism, and suffered from serious wind diseases, so he quickly fell off his horse and was trampled to death by the hooves of the horse... Of course, these are still a few words.
- Going back to the kang king Zhao Shuo. When Zhao Zhuo was ordered to enter the Camp of jinguo as a hostage as a "prince", he once competed with the prince of Jinguo to shoot arrows, and Zhao Zhuo was able to pull open a 200-pound bow and shoot three arrows in a row, all of which hit the bullseye. In the heart of Prince Jinguo, the prince of the Great Song Kingdom was nothing more than a "silver pewter gun head", and when he saw that Zhao Zhuo had such great power, he suspected that he was a "fake prince" and soon expelled him back to China.
After the "Jingkang Revolution", the Northern Song Dynasty collapsed. It is said that Zhao Shuo "crossed the river on mud horses" (of course, it is only a legend, but at that time, Zhao Shuo fled south, exiled to the topsy, ate and slept in the wind, and hid in Tibet in the east, and it is not difficult for posterity to imagine according to this), and was supported by the eunuchs who fled south and was proclaimed emperor at Yingtianfu (present-day Shangqiu City, Henan Province). Zhao Zhuo changed Yuan Jianyan to establish the Southern Song Dynasty regime, and Zhao Zhuo was Emperor Gaozong of Song.
Song Gaozong
In the third year of Jianyan (1129), Emperor Gaozong of Song crossed the Qiantang River and fled to Yuezhou to escape the Jin army. According to historical records, Emperor Gaozong of Song once stayed in the YueWang Hall at the foot of Wolong Mountain in Yuezhou City for more than 40 days, and Yuezhou was the temporary capital of the Southern Song Dynasty for the first time. Many place names in present-day Shaoxing are said to be related to Emperor Gaozong of Song's refuge in Yuezhou:
There is a big tree river in the western suburbs of Yuezhou, it is said that Song Gaozong fled for his life here, seeing that there was a big river in front of him, and there were pursuing soldiers in the back, at this moment of extreme danger and life and death, two large trees on the river suddenly lay down, and Song Gaozong climbed along the trunk to the opposite bank. Soon Jin Bing chased after him, saw the big tree wet, and guessed the origin of the matter, so he wanted to take materials on the spot, cut wood into boats, and continue to hunt down and kill Song Gaozong. Unexpectedly, after the tree was cut down, Shunshi sank to the bottom of the river, and Song Gaozong fled away. Later, in order to thank Dashu for saving his life, Emperor Gaozong of Song named this river Dashu River.
The ancient cypress in front of the Yue King's tai was passed down as a hand plant by Emperor Gaozong of Song
There used to be a temple of four kings in the western suburbs of Yuezhou, and it was rumored that Emperor Gaozong of Song fled for his life here, and when he saw the Jin soldiers chasing and killing him gradually approaching, he asked four peasants who were working in the fields for help, and the four peasants put on his robes and bucket hats and pretended to work together as peasants. Jin Bing chased after him and asked the "five peasants" where Zhao Shuo was going, they randomly pointed the way, Jin Bing was deceived, and Song Gaozong escaped from danger... Jin Bing chased after the peasants' guidance for a while, found that he was deceived, and turned back to them to settle the account. When Jin Bing found out that the "five peasants" had become "four", he understood why, and killed the four peasants. These four sacrificial peasants were later crowned kings by Emperor Gaozong of Song and built the Four Kings Temple to worship them – from the 1950s to the 1980s, the Four Kings Temple was the lingzhi primary school building.
There is a female Di village outside the Xiguo Gate of Yuezhou ("Di" is a curse of the "enemy"), and it is rumored that Song Gaozong encountered a female heroine on this road to rescue him; there is a Niangbang village not far from the Nüdi Village, where the mother and daughter of the female heroine once killed the enemy side by side; there is a color Kang village in the southwest suburb of Yuezhou City ("color" and "kill" sound near), and the Jin soldiers chased and killed here and shouted "Kill the King of Kang"; there is a Taiping Bridge in the west of Yuezhou City, where The Song Gaozong was rescued by the great general Han Shizhong (1089 -1151) and so on...
It should be noted that such legends cannot be used as evidence for examining history; but the tragic situation of Emperor Gaozong of Song when he took refuge in Yuezhou and took refuge can also be glimpsed from it.
Map of the Territory of the Southern Song Dynasty
Perhaps after experiencing repeated excessive fright, Song Gaozong lost his fertility because the shadow part of his heart was too large. His only son, Prince Yuanyi, died at the age of three, after which Emperor Gaozong of Song never had another heir. The second emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty was Emperor Xiaozong of Song (shèn, 1127–1194), the sixth grandson of Zhao Defang (959–981), the fourth son of Zhao Kuangyin (927–976), the fourth son of Emperor Gaozong of Song, and his biological father was Zhao Ziwei (?) who was crowned "Prince of Xiu'an". —1143）。
Candlelight axe shadow
- Add a historical source: On the evening of the tenth day of the first month of October in the ninth year of Kaibao (976), the 49-year-old Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin died violently overnight, and the next day, his brother Zhao Guangyi (939-997), song Taizong, succeeded to the throne. How could Song Taizu, who was born as a general and had always been strong, die young and violently overnight? This is a bizarre unsolved case in Chinese history. According to records such as the "Records of the Wild Mountains of Xiangxiang", on the tenth day of the first month of October, the weather changed sharply, the snow hail fell sharply, and Song Taizu left his brother Zhao Guangyi, the King of Jin, to drink in the palace, but the palace people saw the shadow of candles, and when the King of Jin or avoided the seat, there was an invincible situation... Later Song Taizuzhu poked the snow with his battle axe and said loudly to the King of Jin: Good to do, easy to do! So he went to bed, and soon his nose was like thunder. On the eve of the night, the King of Jin stayed in the palace, and when the five drums were taken, the palace guards and other guards were silent, and the Song Taizu had collapsed - this is the historical story of the famous "candlelight axe shadow". Shortly after Emperor Taizong of Song ascended the throne, the sons of Emperor Taizu of Song died one after another, and Emperor Taizong of Song firmly controlled the throne. The descendants of Song Taizu gradually faded out of the royal records and flowed into the folk. It wasn't until Emperor Gaozong of Song did not have an heir that he sent people to visit the descendants of Song Taizu...
In the fourth year of Jianyan (1130), Emperor Gaozong of Song returned to Yuezhou again and stayed in Yuezhou for a year and eight months. At that time, Yuezhou served as the temporary capital of the Southern Song Dynasty for the second time.
Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxing (imaginary map)