The origins of the State of Wei, one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty, and its ancestor was Bi Gonggao, the fifteenth son of King Wen of Zhou. After the destruction of the Bi kingdom, the ancestor Bi Wan defected to the Jin state, and later became one of the Jin state qing clans, and the Jin state doctor Bu Guo predicted: "After Bi Wan, it will be great." Wan, full number also; Wei, Daimyo also. The reward is the beginning, and the sky is open. In the twenty-third year of King Weilie of Zhou (403 BC), "the first jin masters Wei Si, Zhao Yuan, and Han Qian were appointed as princes", and sure enough, as Bu Yan expected, the State of Wei jumped forward, not only dividing the State of Jin, but also becoming the first state to "dominate" in the early Warring States period. However, after being rich for only three generations, after reaching the hands of King Wei Hui, the State of Wei was repeatedly suppressed by the Western State of Qin, and what foolish things did the King of Wei Hui, known as the Emperor of Wei, do, and how did the State of Wei collapse?
First, with Wang Bibao, mistakenly lost his talents
During the reign of King Hui of Wei, the State of Wei regarded the State of Qi as its main rival. In the thirty-sixth year of King Xian of Zhou (333 BC), King Qi Wei hunted with King Hui of Wei, and King Hui of Wei had the heart to show off and asked King Qi Wei if he had any treasures. Seeing that king Qi Wei replied no, King Hui of Wei said proudly: "The widow country is small, and there are still ten pearls of diameter and inches in front of and behind the car, so why should there be no treasure in the country of ten thousand multipliers?" King Qi Wei was also a male lord, and when he heard it, he was not happy, and compared the famous generals under him to treasures, "Will be a thousand miles, and the twelve times will be special!" To say that King Hui of Wei was a shame.
King Hui of Wei did not cherish talents, and was later punished. Someone once recommended to him a Qi Guoxiancai named Chun Yuji, and he met him three times. The first two times Chun Yu Jie did not say a word, which made King Hui of Wei unhappy, thinking that Chun Yu Ji looked down on him. However, Chun Yujie said: "Before I saw the king, Wang Zhi was chasing after me; after seeing the king again, Wang Zhi was in the voice, and it was silent." The biggest defeat in The life of King Hui of Wei was to release the famous ministers Sun Zhen and Shang Martin, the former winning the battles of Guiling and Maling, killing hundreds of thousands of people from the generals Pang Juan and Wei Wu, and the latter's transformation of the law to establish a more powerful and terrible enemy for the State of Wei and the rest of the princes. If these two people did not lose, wei was not without the opportunity to continue to dominate the Central Plains.
Second, if the first king makes an enemy, the hegemony will be lost
The founding monarch of the State of Wei, Wei Wenhou, was the grandfather of King Hui of Wei, and during his reign, Wei Wenhou appointed a large number of well-known celebrities: Li Wu, Wu Qi, Ximen Bao, etc. He exerted great efforts to govern internally, united with Zhao and Han externally, suppressed Western Qin, and made the State of Wei the initial hegemon of the Warring States. However, Marquis Wu of Wei, who succeeded to the throne after Wei Wenhou, did not have the same shrewd political mind as his father, he not only changed the meritocracy of Wei Wenhou before him, but also used people with large family backgrounds but no talent, so that the State of Wei restored the situation of nepotism, and the general Wu Qi was also forced away during this period, which also indirectly led to the opportunity for the Western Qin State and the Chu State that had lost to the Jin State several times to become bigger and stronger.
And when the Three Jins Alliance was dominant, zhao guo began to stop doing it. It turned out that the benefits of Zhao Guo were too much when the three families were divided into Jin, and Wei Wenhou set a national policy of joining forces with Korea and unanimously rejecting Zhao Guo's intervention. The war against the Three Jins was basically a victory for Wei and Han, or a joint battle, but only Wei Han had benefited and Zhao Guo had gained nothing. The unwilling Zhao Guo had the capital to dare to fight with Wei Guo after several generations of operation. Wei Wenhou did not want to fight the rise of the Zhao state one day, Wei Wuhou did not put the Zhao state in his eyes, Liang Zi was thus knotted, and even the two sides later fought a big fight, the Zhao state won a tragic victory, the two sides completely tore up the covenant, and the Zhao state became the needle that made the Wei state like a man on the back. The State of Qi in the east established a new monarch, Tian Shi Dai Qi, behind which was operated by Wei Wuhou, who originally wanted to control the State of Qi, but did not expect that a new State of Qi had repeatedly frustrated the State of Wei and become the terminator of the hegemony of the State of Wei.
Spring and Autumn Warring States are really interesting (a total of 6 volumes) ¥150.1 purchase
Third, the princes challenge, hegemony is difficult to seek
Wei Wuhou not only cleaned up the inheritance left by his father, but also made the State of Wei enemies on all sides, and Wei Wuhou himself did not realize the crisis of the situation, but left a mess for King Hui of Wei. Because there was no heir, King Hui of Wei and his brother competed for the throne, and Zhao and Han, who were previously dissatisfied with the State of Wei, jointly sent troops and defeated the Wei army at Huze, although Zhao Han disagreed in the disposition of the State of Wei, but it can be seen that the situation of the Three Jins and the leadership of Wei was broken, and the State of Wei began to encounter challenges from various countries. In the third year of King Xian of Zhou (366 BC), Qin Xiangong, who had been in exile in the State of Wei for twenty-nine years, attacked the invading Han and Wei states with the ideal of a reformed Qin state and the establishment of a great cause, setting off a new round of the eastern curtain of the Qin state. In the twenty-first year of the reign of Duke Xian of Qin ( 364 BC ) , the State of Qin once again challenged the State of Wei , "fighting at Shimen , beheading sixty thousand people , and the Son of Heaven he was born with a thunderbolt " . In the twenty-third year of the reign of Duke Xian of Qin (362 BC), he "fought against Wei and Jin against Shaoliang, and captured his general Gongsun Zhen". At the same time, the monarch of the State of Qi, who was supported by Wei Wenhou, not only defeated the State of Wei, but also gathered the surrounding countries, and looked like a confrontation with the State of Wei.
Even under great pressure from both the East and the West, King Hui of Wei first moved the capital to Daliang, so he was known as the "King of Lianghui", and later eased up with Zhao Han again and benefited the people in the country. But it is obvious that the situation is not very good, King Hui of Wei claims to have done his best to govern the country, but is ridiculed by Mencius as "fifty steps and a hundred steps of laughter"; Wei Xianghuishi carried out reforms, but King Hui of Wei obviously did not carry out as seriously as Qin Xiaogong, "there have been no sins, no merits, although death can not be cared about." At the meeting of Fengze, King Hui of Wei took twelve princes, including Qin and Zhao, to see Tianzi, seemingly restoring the hegemony of the previous State of Wei, but this was only a strategy for Shang Martin to divert water to the east and accelerate the decline of the State of Wei. This alliance indeed caused dissatisfaction among the State of Qi and other major powers, laying hidden dangers for the future defeat of the State of Wei several times by the hands of Qin and Qi.