"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 225th article
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > Li Rihua has written a lot of works and a lot of other names. His treatise is also the most cited by later generations</h1>
Poetry/ Lu Xiuhui
Li Rihua (1565~1635 AD), character Junshi, bamboo lazy, also known as jiu doubt, a native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang.
Li Rihua wrote many books and wrote countless articles in his lifetime, especially for art and literature. He has two more, one is more writings, and the other is more nicknames.
Li Rihua was a great celebrity of the Ming Dynasty, and he was also proficient in appreciation, known as the "Gentleman of Naturalism", and many of his imprints are found in ancient Chinese paintings and calligraphy that have been handed down today. In the late Ming Dynasty literati calligraphy and painting circles, there are good ancient museums of elegance. Among them, Dong Qichang, Wang Weijian and Li Rihua are the most famous. They live on the eve of the change of dynasty, feel the turbulence and change of society, and their hearts are full of various contradictions. The literati were powerless to do anything about this great change, but only placed their affection on the landscape and the paintings and calligraphy.
When Li Rihua was ten years old, he studied at the family school. At that time, the imperial court was invited by the emperor to help the country come up with ideas, and the ten-year-old Li Rihua actually wrote about The Conscription, accusing Zhang Juzheng of having ten crimes. At the age of sixteen, he read widely historical books, hundreds of sons, and poetry and songs. At the age of seventeen, he traveled to Songjiang to study the Book of Poetry with Chen Jiru. After traveling to Hangzhou, he studied with Feng Mengzhen. At the age of twenty-eight, Li Rihua entered the Beijing Examination and was awarded the title of Zhongjinshi (中進士), that is, he was appointed as the Governor of Jiujiang Province, Jiangxi.
Whenever the times change, there will be frustrated literati, disappointed in the political situation, wandering in the personal world, grasping poetry and painting, although it is a small road, it is not lost as an emotional catharsis. What they do is to integrate the atmosphere and emotions of the book by means of a means, and the process of integration is to express culture, tradition, and culture.
Li Rihua integrated his personal emotions through calligraphy and painting, of course, he still had hope for politics. He has an only son, he loves him very much, this child is quite talented in calligraphy and painting, and can accompany him to appreciate calligraphy and painting, examine calligraphy and painting. For a long time, he took his son from Jiaxing to Hangzhou by boat every year to send him to take the exam. The two of them lay idly on the water, talking about art papers, and they were very proud. From this point of view, Li Rihua was not disappointed in the political situation to be dismissive. He wrote in the poem "Bergamot Rock":
The upper platform hall is here, and the bells and drums are deep and deep.
Sanchu Baiyun gave birth to Buddha's hand, and the cold moon of Jiujiang illuminated the Zen heart.
The upside-down cliff has opened the land, and the cliff has no door buckle bamboo forest.
Anderson sacrificed himself from the old man, and the futon spent all day looking at gold.
He also painted a "Suqian Overflow Map", which became famous.
During the Chongzhen period, the Yellow and Huai rivers rose and overflowed, and the speakers asked them to lead the Sihe Yiji Canal to avoid the danger of the Yellow River. After Li Rihua's field investigation, he painted "Suqian Water Overflow Map", which realistically depicted the disaster of Suqian water overflow. He uses a dashing and free brush to reflect his deep concern for the affairs of the country and the people's livelihood through an elegant and elegant painting style, and puts this intense and passionate emotion on the picture. Li Rihua's "Suqian Overflow Map" painted in the third year of Chongzhen (1630) became a masterpiece, and even recorded in the "History of Ming". He wrote in the poem "Autumn Day Writing Huge Pen Intention and Ruoxiu":
The mountains are dark and the trees are yellow, and in September Jiangnan wants to try frost.
Sitting alone on the beachhead does not fish, and the tateshina wind rushes to send fishing hammers.
Li Rihua's father, Li Yingjun, became rich in business, had a solid family, was rich and charitable, and benefited the township. The good family situation laid a solid economic guarantee for the future Li Rihua's "Bogu Junzi". In the twentieth year of the Wanli Calendar, the twenty-seven-year-old Li Rihua became a jinshi and served in the court for twelve years, starting from the Jiujiang Tui official, to successively serving as the deputy of Ruzhou Zuoyi, the chief of Xihuazhi County, and the head of the Nanjing Ceremonial Department. Because of the death of his mother, he left dingyou and stayed at home for more than 20 years to serve his elderly father. Until the death of his father, the replenishment department shangbao si cheng. However, he no longer became a scholar, and has been living idly in his hometown, traveling to and from Suzhou, Songjiang, and Hangjia Lake areas, coming and going by boat, and going by boat for a free time. His master Feng Mengzhen and the elder Xiang Yuanbian and others had a major impact on his activities during this period. He said in the poem "Painting Fan":
At the beginning of the spring river, the grapes are green, and the herons are self-turning and flying gulls.
The moon is fading and the morning tide is flat, and the shadows of the mountains are heavy and the fishing houses are pressed.
Laughing at this scene Fu Shi Weng, who once stayed at YanTan Wufan.
During this period, he wrote a diary for eight years, never interrupted, at that time Jiaxing was a great cultural heritage, jiaxing area of calligraphy and painting merchants were very active, they and Li Rihua maintained a very frequent exchanges. In Jiangnan, Wen Zhengming's painters were welcomed. At that time, the works of Wen and Shen himself had become sought-after goods, and some people were even willing to exchange Song Chuguanquan's works for a Shen Zhou. During the eight years of idle life recorded in his diary, he collected a batch of fine calligraphy and paintings by bartering, and held them for a long time and did not resell them.
At that time, jiangnan, the literary style was getting worse and worse, and calligraphy and painting were prevalent. When Li Rihua was eating in a small restaurant, he found that Wen Weiming's painting was actually hanging on the wall. He recorded the incident in his diary with admiration and no surprise. If the style of writing is like this, the decadence of the country and mountains is not seen at all. Jiangnan shi people, the heart is clear.
Li Rihua had borrowed Huang Gongwang's paintings from monks for a long time, and he did not see any covetousness. If you are not a villain, why do you think of a villain? Li Rihua mentioned a fake painting of Huang Gongwang, which has been circulating in the Jiaxing area for many years, and whoever has entered his eyes has already seen it three times. The reason why these "Xibei goods" can become popular is that many people like it. Like to like, but also difficult to sell high prices. He also mentioned Dong Qichang and wanted to exchange a picture of Huang Gongwang for Shen Zhou.
In the early spring of 1621 AD, the peach blossoms of the mountain temple began to bloom. Dong Qichang and other celebrities gathered at Li Rihua's Purple Peach Xuan Bookstore, drinking peach blossom wine, discussing ancient and modern books, tasting the calligraphy and paintings of predecessors, and talking about the pattern of life. On the same day, Dong Qichang wrote after Li Rihua's collection of Zhao Mengfu's "Ode to Wine": "In cursive writing, the meaning of chapter grass is dashing, exquisite, quite creative, worthy of the works of Zhao Mengfu Xiuyi Zhangcao. ”
When the wine was hot, in the poetry of the book, Li Rihuacheng asked Dong Qichang to drunkenly write Liu Ling's famous article "Ode to Wine", and Dong Qichang was drunk and prosperous, and he was happy to write. Although there are numerical discrepancies, as Li Rihua said: "A few words in and out should be flawed and do not hide the beauty of jade." ”
Mr. Xiang Yuanbian, a great collector in Jiaxing, left ink on Li Rihua's "Fan Lin Tu". On the "Burning Forest Map" that remained in the monastery, he wrote two lines, telling the monks to keep the painting well, not to defile the laymen, so that later literati and sages could write inscriptions for it. Li Rihua's works are difficult to see today, but his predecessors have carefully passed them down. This painting is depicted in gold paper, with fine brushstrokes, and the characters are real in their own way.
Jiangnan calligraphy and painting have become a market, and it is difficult to make a living by simply relying on calligraphy and painting, and their economic resources are not enough to maintain the life of the family, so they often need to be teachers, doctors, antique dealers, painters and even fortune tellers to survive. In a letter to a friend, Li Rihua sighed: Send love for calligraphy and painting, but you can't make a living from it. Even if he became a great painter like Wen Jia and Chen Chun, he was not as good as Dong Qichang's "two ears", while the official held a high position, and on the other hand, he spread it in Hanmo. He said in Painted Orchid:
Chagrin Yu Lanqiang advocated, blossom does not consult with me.
The tip of the nose touches into the dissipation, and the intention is to find incense and not to be fragrant.
Li Rihua was born in the forty-fourth year of Jiajing (1565) and died in the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), and he spent most of his life at the end of the Ming Dynasty. The end of the Ming Dynasty was a turbulent period, with marked political, economic, and ideological and cultural changes. After Zhang Juzheng's death, the emperor began to pro-government. But he was sluggish in state affairs, often amassing wealth, and indulging his desires extremely. His slackening of government caused very serious harm to the administration of officials, the work of various departments was in a state of near stagnation, the officials in service could not be treated normally, the vacant posts were not replenished, and the state could not function as usual. And this went on for a long time. The ministers lost the restraint of imperial power, their personal desires gradually swelled, and the partisan struggles were fierce.
The Donglin Party holds the main political power, pursues and fights fiercely against opposing forces, and dwells on past problems, resulting in more and more fierce partisan strife. At this time, Wei Zhongxian's forces were rising, and those who were in the opposite forces threw themselves under Wei Zhongxian's men and formed a greater force, and the struggle was more intense than ever, and the Donglin Party members were greatly hit. After the Chongzhen Emperor ascended the throne, he wanted to change the corrupt situation, but all aspects of the imperial court were stagnant for too long, and even if he had high ambitions, he was unable to return to heaven.
Therefore, since becoming an official, Li Rihua has been idle at home for more than twenty years, repeatedly begging for rest when he was in office, and concentrating on studying when he was at home, and did not ask about political affairs. Li Rihua was idle at home, reading and writing, and deeply realized the benefits of freedom. He talked about Zen and gradually pursued the aesthetic taste of Xiao Shan nature. At the time of internal and external troubles, Li Rihua's idle life is not without obstacles, he pays attention to the development of the situation, and also expects the situation to change for the better, so as to show his ambitions and talents, helplessly, he can never wait for this day, the rest of the time can only devote himself to the world of poetry and painting, sustenance of his feelings. His artistic pursuits are also contradictory, on the one hand, he is very old, and on the other hand, he greatly appreciates new things. It is also this contradiction that has formed his unique aesthetic taste.
Li Rihua died in the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), the year in which Zhang Xianzhong attacked Zhu Yuanzhang's hometown of Fengyang. Zhang Xianzhong's army burned the above-ground buildings, pavilions, pavilions, and other buildings of the Ming Emperor's mausoleum to ashes, and also burned 300,000 pine trees in the Ming Emperor's mausoleum, killed sixty eunuchs guarding the imperial tomb, and released more than a hundred imperial children who were imprisoned there for crimes. Li Zicheng had also attacked Xianyang and occupied Yongshou. Chongzhen received the news in the palace and killed several ministers in a hurry. Wen Weiming's great-grandson Wen Zhenmeng was also angrily rebuked by the Chongzhen Emperor.
Li Rihua's calligraphy uses Yan and Liu as the "prototype" of calligraphy, with a broad momentum, thick and majestic pen strength and rigorous law. He believed that taking these two would avoid the ills of the decline of the Late Ming Dynasty due to the decline of the Fa, the weakness of the thesis, and the habits of habituation. Li Rihua takes Wang Xizhong and calligraphy style as the highest pursuit, and takes the ancient law and the powerful calligraphy style as the creative way to achieve Confucian neutrality and yazheng, wenrun Dunhou, zhiyu Dao, according to Yu De, according to Yu Ren's calligraphy style and calligraphy evaluation.
Lu Xiuhui has a poem "Praise Li Rihua", praising:
Peach leaf crossing the smoke river,
The warbler exhorted.
A plum blossom passed through my house,
Wind and rain are more advised to return to spring.
I'm tired of being an official,
I love Jiangnan calligraphy and painting more.
Bamboo lazy roll self-qualification,
Tongru has been haunted by the jianghu several times.
Hongfu wrote books,
The new pavilion is still passing.
Higashiyama song wine up,
Laugh at me as a bookworm.