The Duke mu of Qin of the "Spring and Autumn Five Powers" almost became a prisoner of The Duke Yiwu of Jin Hui.
It was the fifteenth year of the Duke of Qin, that is, in 645 BC, when the Duke Hui of Jin took advantage of the famine in the Qin State and would send a large army to attack the Qin State. Qin Mugong sent troops to fight, and let Pi Bao lead the army. As a king, you also need to wear a cloak and personally participate in the battle.
"In September, he fought with Jinhui Gongyiwu in Handi. Jin Jun abandoned his army, fought with Qin for profit, and returned the favor. "On the day of the September 19th, the Qin and Jin sides fought in Korea. Jin Hui Gong Yiwu was more greedy for money and profit, leaving his troops to rush forward alone, and when he returned, the driving warhorse fell into the mud.
"Fighting with Qin for profits" is widely understood as Jin Huigong snatching property on the battlefield, and I think that striving for a favorable situation, or enticing the enemy to go deep into Xu, is the correct solution.
Qin Mugong saw that Jin Huigong's chariot was deeply mired in the quagmire, seized the opportunity to seize the opportunity, and captured the king first, so he and his subordinates drove to Jin Huigong on horseback. Unexpectedly, not only did he not capture Jin Huigong, but he was surrounded by Jin troops. At that time, the Jin state was far stronger than the Qin state, although after the death of the Jin Dynasty, the Jin state fell into civil unrest.
The Jin army besieged Qin Mugong, who was unable to support himself and was soon wounded. When the Jin army saw that the Jin Huigong chariot was trapped in the mud, it was bound to rush to the rescue, and Qin Mugong drove a chariot to chase after it, which should be a single-handed deep into the enemy position. The change in the situation was only instantaneous, and Qin Mugong was about to become a prisoner of the Jin army.
In a moment of life and death, the situation was reversed again.
More than three hundred people in rags and rags rushed towards the Jin army with fierce spirits, slashing and chopping all the way with knives and axes, shooting arrows all the way, and the encirclement of the Jin army was rushed away, and Qin Mugong was not only able to escape from danger, but Jin Huigong was captured alive and taken prisoner.
Who are these three hundred people? The "savage" who once stole and ate Qin Mugongliang's horse under the Qishan Mountains.
"In the beginning, Mu Gong died a good horse, and the wildlings under Qixia gained a total of more than three hundred people and ate them. The officials are chased away, and they want the law. "When I saw the word "Chu" in the "Records of History", I knew that Sima Qian was going to tell a story, the past was like smoke, and the brushstrokes extended to a long time ago...
At the beginning, Qin Mugong lost a good horse, so the whole country offered a heavy reward. At that time, horses were not only an important productive force, but also the combat strength of the country, which was much more expensive than people's gold, and stealing horses and eating meat was a major crime.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, horses became tools of war, and even the number of warhorses was related to the strength of a country, which is the "country of a thousand multipliers". "The horse, the foundation of the blood of the armor, the great use of the country", the high status of the horse, is beyond the reach of the cattle.
The officials of the State of Qin followed the clues to find the qishan mountain and found that more than three hundred "wild people" had gathered to eat horse meat. Check it out, and sure enough, it was the good horse that Qin Mugong had lost. The officials arrested more than three hundred people and dealt with them strictly according to the law. The "savages" are not barbarians, but countrymen, countrymen.
"Mu Gong said: 'A gentleman does not harm people with animal production.' I smell good horse meat and do not drink alcohol, and hurt people. 'But they all give wine and forgive them.' ”
Qin Mugong said, "Moral people will not hurt people because of livestock." I've heard that eating good horse meat hurts if you don't drink it. "Instead of punishing the more than three hundred countrymen, he pardoned them and gave them wine to drink.
The reason why Qin Mugong did this was that he did not blame the people illegally, and it was not a matter of the king of a country cutting off the heads of three hundred people at all. However, here Sima Qian showed the precious spirit of Qin Mugong and saw the importance of people. This may also be one of the important reasons why Qin Mugong was able to dominate in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Good horses are dead, and there is no practical point in bringing to justice, and strengthening the custody of horses will not be lost, so instead of punishing those who eat horse meat, it is better to punish those who guard the horses. Moreover, if it is not hungry and unbearable, even if it is a "savage", no one will dare to violate the law and commit crimes. Qin Mugong regarded forgiveness as education, not only releasing, but also rewarding wine.
Therefore, when the State of Qin responded to the Battle of the State of Jin, more than three hundred people bravely demanded to participate in the war. During the battle, they found that Mu Gong was surrounded by enemies, and they all charged bravely, fighting to the death to repay the grace of eating horse meat and being pardoned.
One forgiveness is a chance to survive. Qin Mugong paid a good horse and some fine wine, but won more than three hundred "savages" to repay with their lives and swear allegiance to the death. Sima Qian not only commended Qin Mugong for his ability to win people's hearts, but more importantly, he should recommend that winning the hearts and minds of the people is the foundation of governing the country.
The benevolence of Qin Mugong not only extended to the people of Qin, but also had "international" humanitarianism. The Events are recorded in detail in the Chronicle of History, and there is a sharp contrast with the Jin Dynasty. See what Sima Qian said --
"Jin Drought, come and ask for millet." Pi Bao said that Mu Gong should not be with him, because he was hungry. Mu Gong asked Gongsun Zhi, who said, "Hunger is more important, and it is necessary not to be with it." He asked Baili Xi, who said, "What is the sin of Yiwu's people if they sin against the king?" So he used the words of Baili Xi and Gongsun Zhizhi, and died with them. ”
This incident should be in 647 BC, that is, the thirteenth year of Qin Mugong, the Jin state because of the drought famine, asked the Qin state to borrow grain, Pi Bao persuaded Qin Mugong not to give, and suggested that the opportunity to attack the Jin state.
Qin Mugong consulted the chancellor more broadly, and Gongsun Zhi said: "Bumper harvests and bad harvests alternate, and it is not possible not to give them." That is to say, the State of Qin may also encounter similar things, and it is not humanitarian in not supporting it. Bai Lixi said, "Yiwu has offended you, but the people of Jin are not guilty." Duke Mu of Qin followed the advice of Gongsun Zhi and Bai Lixi to support Jin with grain.
"Turning with boats and cars, looking at each other from Yong to Dai", from the capital of the Qin State to the capital of the Jin Dynasty, the procession of transporting grain by land and water was huge. Of course, this road spread Qin Mugong's vast humanitarian spirit and the benevolence that won people's hearts.
Pi Leopard's advice and revenge for the general Jinguo have elements. He was originally the son of Pi Zheng, the Grand Master of the State of Jin, who helped Yiwu ascend the throne as the Prince of Jin, but was later killed on suspicion by the Duke Hui of Jin, and Pi Bao fled to the State of Qin to plot revenge. This experience is a bit like Wu Zixu. Pi Bao fled to the Qin state, not other Qi, Chu, etc., which also proved that Qin Mugong won the hearts of the people and could use people.
Jin Hui Gong Yiwu returned to Jin with the help of Qin Mugong to ascend the throne, "so that Baili Xi sent soldiers to Yiwu", originally Yiwu promised to successfully ascend the throne and cede the land to Qin. After Jin Huigong ascended to the throne, he "reneged on his promise not to negotiate with Hexi City", thus "offending the jun". Even so, Duke Mu of Qin still lent grain to the Jin state to deal with the famine of the people.
"Fourteen years, Qin is hungry, please Su Yu Jin." A courtier of the Jin Dynasty. He said, "Because of his hunger, he can do great work." 'Jin Jun obeys. ”
In the fourteenth year of the Duke of Qin, the State of Qin suffered a famine and asked the State of Jin for grain. The Chancellor of the Jin Dynasty suggested taking the opportunity to attack the State of Qin. How similar the saying of The Shooting was to that of pi leopards, the Duke of Qin Mu did not listen, but the Duke hui of Jin listened, so there was the Battle of Qin and Jin in 645 BC.
The captivity of Jin Huigong may have had its own providence in the darkness, and this providence may be the heart of the people. Of course, not all the ministers of the Jin State advocated attacking the Qin State, and Qing Zheng put forward different opinions, but the Jin Huigong did not adopt it. In contrast, Jin Huigong and Qin Mugong were clearly distinguished.
Qin Mugong's low cost won the hearts of the people, and Sima Qian listed many examples.
Bai Li xi was originally a concubine and prisoner of the dowry, and Qin Mugong only heard about his talent, so he tried every means to "redeem" the fleeing Bai Li Xi at any cost. And this so-called "heavy gold" is just five black ram skins.
After the interview, Qin Mugong found that his talent was outstanding and "great joy", not because Bai Lixi was born from a humble background, boldly used, "granted the state government, known as the Five Doctors". Five sheepskins in exchange for a minister of statecraft, the cost is so low.
In the thirty-third year of the Duke of Qin, Qin sent Meng Mingshi, Xi Qishu, and Bai Yibing to lead troops to attack the State of Zheng, and the three generals were frightened by The Cattle Dealer Of the State of Zheng, Xiang Gao, and conveniently destroyed the slippery yi on the border of the Jin State. Duke Xiang of Jin (the son of Duke Wen of Jin) did not have time to take off his filial piety and led his troops to ambush the Qin army at Kunshan Mountain, capturing three generals of the Qin state.
The bitter defeat made Duke Mu of Qin realize his mistake, so when Duke Wen of Jin (Princess of Qin) interceded on behalf of the three generals, the State of Jin released Meng Mingshi, Xi Qishu, and Bai Yibing.
"Mu Gongsu greeted the three people and cried to the three people: 'Why is it sin for the third son to be alone without using a hundred miles of Xi and uncle Jian to insult the third son?' Zi Qi is carefully ashamed and does not slacken off. ”
Qin Mugong voluntarily admitted his mistake to the three generals, in exchange for loyalty, Qin Mugong attacked the Jin state in thirty-six years and won. At this time, the strength of the Jin state was far stronger than that of the Qin state, and it was simply inconceivable to defeat the strong with a small attack and a weak attack, and moreover, the Jin Wengong had already dominated the princes.
Combining all the above, we find that Qin Mugong does have a set of people's hearts, Baili Xi, Uncle Jian, Yu Yu, etc., to contribute to the rise of the Qin State and help Qin Mu gong to dominate the world. However, Qin Mugong was much criticized for the "death" (burial of the living) system, and after His death, Qin Mugong took away seventy-seven people "from death", and included three "good ministers" of Dying, Zhongxing, and Needle Tiger, thus hindering the pace of the Qin State's Eastern Crusade.
"Qin Mu Gong guangdi Yiguo, eastern service strong Jin, western hegemony Rongyi, but not for the princes of the alliance, it is also appropriate." Death and abandonment of the people, taking in their good subjects and obeying death. And the first king collapsed, and the still left the virtue of the law, and the good people and the people mourned? It is to know that Qin cannot resume the Eastern Crusade. ”
The satirical poem "Yellow Bird" circulated in the Qin state is left to be judged by posterity, and the Qin state did not hide the evil of Qin Mugong's burial system, criticizing Qin Mugong for "taking away" good ministers and delaying the pace of the Qin State's Eastern Crusade.