<h1>Text/Dong Genko</h1>
The late Tang Dynasty emperor Li Congke's tough diplomacy toward the Khitan can be said to be one of the most stupid foreign policies in history, and many people think that the son emperor Shi Jingyao is a traitor and that the cession of Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures is a stupid foreign policy. But if Shi Jingyao's price was a little lower, he would have finished playing at that time. On the contrary, Shi Jingyao's opponent Li Congke, that is the real diplomatic failure. Many people understand the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms through some passages, so they always feel that the Khitan can pick up the big bargain of Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures because they have encountered Shi Jingyao, a "traitor" who is a slave to Yan Yan. In fact, the real reason was that the international environment at that time was too favorable to the Khitans. (The following quotations are all from the "Zizhi Tongjian") With Li Congke's strength, it is not difficult at all to single out Shi Jingyao. For example, Zhang Yanlang, the prime minister, has been pressing Shi Jingyao's logistics:
At the beginning, the emperor (Shi Jingyao) was in Hedong, which was tabooed by the Tang Dynasty, and Zhongshu Shilang, Tongping Zhangshi, and Zhang Yanlang, the third division of the judgment, did not want Hedong to accumulate more, and all the wealth should be left to the envoys to collect, and the emperor hated it.
So much so that when Shi Jingyao rebelled, the aide-de-camp arranged by Li Congke to be by his side questioned him, you also want to rebel with this little money, too self-aware, right?
First, the imperial court was suspicious of Jingyao, and took the Yulin general Baoding Yang Yanqian as the deputy retainer of Beijing, and Jingyao also told him about the incident. Yan inquired: "I don't know what kind of food the soldiers in Hedong are, can they be enemy of the imperial court?" "
For another example, Li Congke was not at ease with Shi Jingyao, and immediately allowed his horse Boy Zhang Jingda to lead his troops to Dai Prefecture in Shi Jingyao's jurisdiction.
Yi Wei (乙巳), with Wuning Jiedu (武宁節度) making Zhang Jingda the deputy governor of the northern camp, placed soldiers in Tun Dai Prefecture (武屯代州), with the power to divide Shi Jingyao (石敬瑭).
But how could Shi Jingyao go head-to-head with you? He must be looking for foreign aid! Once the war began, the Khitan would definitely come to mix it up. Whether it was Li Congke or Shi Jingyao, the first task before the war was to conduct diplomacy with the Khitans. For the dominant Li Congke, as long as the Khitan remained neutral, his offer did not have to be too high; and for Shi Jingyao, he had to let the Khitan "friends" travel thousands of miles to throw their heads and sprinkle their blood to support, and it was difficult not to spend some blood. At first, Li Congke's offer was to return the captured Khitan chieftain Shu La, and pay tribute of more than 100,000 taels a year.
Qi Yue: "If there is a conspiracy in Hedong, it will be aided by the Khitans." The Khitan mother praised Hua in China, and repeatedly asked for peace and affection, but she did not get it, so she did not become an ear. Now that the cherries and thorns are reconciled with them, and the years are made of gifts and coins of about ten thousand or so, he will gladly accept the fate. In this way, although Hedong wants to land liang, he is powerless. Song Yue: "This Wu Zhi ye." However, Qian Gu has three divisions, and it is advisable to conspire with Zhang. So he told Zhang Yanlang, Yan Lang said: "If the bachelor counts, not only can he make Hedong, but also save the border fee of Shi Jiu, and there is no convenient calculation for this." If the Lord obeys, but blames the old man, please collect it from outside the military wealth. "He Xi, the two secretly spoke to the emperor, the emperor was very happy, called him loyal, and the two privately drafted the "Testament of khitan" to kill them.
From the Perspective of the Khitans, compared with Shi Jingyao's opening price, this is a low-yield, low-risk option. The two plans were put together for Yelü Deguang and Empress Shulu to pick, and no one dared to say what the result was. However, Li Congke spared the Khitan entanglement and withdrew the offer. Why? Because he met Xue Wenyu, who was "upright and upright", he spoke an impassioned and impassioned truth, which made Li Congke's blood boil. In addition, he also read two poems: "Sheji yiming lord, safe and secure woman."
For a long time, the emperor used his plot to inform Xue Wenyu, a privy councillor, and Wen Yu said: "With the respect of the Son of Heaven, bend down to serve Yi Di, and do not insult him!" Moreover, if you follow the story to ask for the princess, why do you refuse? Because of the recitation of Rong Yu's "Zhaojun Poem", he said: "Ann is a woman." "The emperor's intention changed.
"Those who commit crimes against strong men will be punished from afar", "Do not make peace, do not pay compensation, do not cut the land, do not pay tribute", you have 100,000 elite masters, and I also have 100,000 horizontal sharpening swords! These slogans are shouted with a lot of energy! What kind of affinity, what nagong, but the Emperor of the Han Family is incompetent, and he actually has to solve the problem by sending money to women. Let us remember the national shame and recite Rong Yu's "Zhaojun Poem" together!
In the history of Han Jiaqing, Ji Humble is a peace relative.
Sheji is the Lord, and the woman is safe and secure.
How can you put the jade appearance and try to be quiet and dusty?
Underground Millennium Bone, who is the assistant minister.
Persuaded by Xue Wenyu, Li Congke was arrogant and arrogant, and turned around and scolded the "traitors" Li Song and Lü Qi. You two little kings and bastards actually want me to give the blood and sweat of the people of the Central Plains to the Khitan in vain! And they want me to spoil their underage daughters!
One day, he urgently summoned Song and Qi to the back floor, and became angry, and rebuked him: "The Qing dynasty knows the ancient and the modern, and wants to help the Lord of peace; now it is for the sake of plotting!" A woman still stinks of milk, and qing wants to abandon the desert evil? And what is the intention of the court that wants to lose with the wealth of the adopter? The two were afraid, sweating profusely, and said: "The ministers and others are determined to serve the country with foolishness, not for the sake of deception, and may Your Majesty observe it." "Thank you countless times, and the emperor is reprimanded. Lü Qi was exhausted, and the emperor said: "Lü Qi is strong, and he is willing to regard the degeneration as the main evil!" Qi Yue: "The ministers and others are not plotting, may Your Majesty punish them for their sins, and pray more!" "The emperor's anger was slightly relieved, and he stopped worshipping, and each gave him wine and gave it away, because the courtiers did not dare to repeat their words and relatives.
In this way, the Khitan devils naturally stood against Li Congke. You don't want to sell the country, but you can't stop others from selling? And others sell the country even more unbearable, more undisciplined! Compared with Li Congke, Shi Jingyao's diplomacy with the Khitan was not only not a failure, but quite successful. Calling the subjects, calling them "Emperor Er", plus ceding Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures, we sat on the side of the Great Song Decades later, and naturally felt that the stupid X surnamed Shi was too high to lose money.
In fact, people open this condition just right. A little lower, Shi Jingyao could not compete with Zhao Dejun. Although Li Congke withdrew from the traitor campaign, Zhao Dejun joined with a pat on the back.
Zhao Dejun is a big man in Youzhou, who has always been ambitious and is ready to take advantage of the chaos in the world to make a good profit.
At the beginning, Zhao Dejun had a different ambition, wanted to take the Central Plains because of chaos, and asked himself to save Jin Anzhai.
At that time, although the Khitan cavalry helped Shi Jingyao to repel the attack of Zhang Jingda (Li Congke's men), Zhang Jingda still had considerable troops to hold on to Jin'an Village, and Fan Yanguang was coming from Wei Bo to support. If Zhao Dejun's Youzhou soldiers also joined Li Congke, could the Khitan really hold on? Whether this battle can be won or not, and whether Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures can be successfully reached, everything is unknown. Yerushalayim had been heading at both ends, ready to retreat.
Although the Khitan lord's army was in Liulin, his heavy and weak were all at the north mouth of the tiger, and the daily retreat ended in preparation for the sudden escape.
At this time, Zhao Dejun's emissary came and said to Yelü Deguang, you don't have to tangle, cooperate with us Zhao Laoye! As long as you support Old Master Zhao as emperor of the Central Plains, we are a country of brothers, and I guarantee that your "son" Shi Jingyao can always guard Hedong.
In fact, don't be a secret book, thick with gold to bribe the Khitan lord, Yun: "If you establish yourself as emperor, please see the soldiers in luoyang, and the Khitan as a country of brothers; still allow the Shi clan to often town Hedong." "
Compared with Shi Jingyao's conditions, Zhao Dejun was not a vassal, nor was he an "emperor", nor did he directly cede territory, but only ensured that the Hedong region was occupied by friendly forces of the Khitans. For the Khitans, although this traitorous force was not as great as Shi Jingyao's, the risk was much smaller. The Youzhou soldiers directly changed from enemies to allies, the strength of the Khitan side increased greatly, and at the same time, Li Congke suffered heavy losses, and the subsequent battles were still fought? Yelü Deguang comprehensively considered the risks and benefits, and felt that Zhao Dejun's opening price was very reliable.
The Khitan lord thought that he had gone deep into the enemy territory, Jin An had not yet descended, Dejun was still strong, Fan Yanguang was in his east, and he was afraid that the northern states of the mountains would invite him to return to the road, hoping to grant Dejun's request.
At the crucial time, Shi Jingyao's younger brother Sang Weihan turned the tide, moved with affection, knew the reason, the diplomatic skills were full, the fire was full, and begged Yelü Deguang: You must not be fooled by Zhao Dejun, a villain! The Khitan Imperial Army was invincible, and how could the soldiers and horses of the Later Tang Dynasty stop it? We Old Master Shi won the world, it must be "measuring the material strength of China, the joy of making friends", zhao Dejun will be so good to you? What's more, you promised us first! How can it be said that repentance is repentance? The credibility of the Khitan is so worthless?
When the emperor heard this, he was terrified, and he urgently wanted Sang Weihan to see the Khitan lord, and said: "The great power raised righteous soldiers to save the orphans, and the Tang soldiers disintegrated in the first war, retreated to a gate, and tried their best to be poor." Zhao Beiping's father and son are disloyal and unbelieving, fear the strength of a big country, and have different ambitions, according to the military view of change, not to die to the country, how to fear, but to believe in the words of his birth, greed for the benefits of the end, abandon the merits of the fallen! And if the Jin Dynasty wins the world, it will exhaust China's wealth to serve the great powers, and it is better to make such a small profit! The Khitan Lord said, "If you see a rat catcher, if you are not prepared, you may bite his hand, and you will be a great enemy!" "Now that the great power has strangled its throat, An Neng can suck people up!" The Khitan lord said, "I did not have the Yuqian Covenant, but the soldiers had to plot." "The emperor is anxious to save people with faith and righteousness, and the people of the four seas are the eyes and ears of the people, but once they are killed, the great righteousness will not end!" The courtiers do not take also for the emperor. Sang Weihan was so eloquent that Yelü De Guang was still entangled.
Sang Weihan knelt from morning to night, bursting into tears, and finally melted the heart of Khitan father.
Kneel before the tent, from dawn to dusk, weeping and arguing. The Khitan lord obeyed him, pointing to the messenger of Dejun in front of the tent: "I have promised Shilang, this stone is rotten, it can be changed!" "
It can be seen that even now Shi Jingyao's offer price has almost not competed with Zhao Dejun. What would have happened if he had opened a little lower, not called a son, or cut off one less state? At the same time, this opening price is obviously not too high, otherwise Yelü Deguang would not be so entangled, and there would be no need for Sang Weihan, a "diplomat", to work so hard. The development of the situation in the back made Li Congke regret that his intestines were blue.
In the Great Battle of Tuanbai Valley, the Khitan greatly destroyed the Tang army, and the people of Luoyang were panicked. At this time, Li Congke saw Xue Wenyu again, and there were immediately countless grass and mud horses galloping in his heart, and he was almost ready to draw his sword and chop it. Fortunately, Li Song was clever and let Xue Wenyu run away early.
Xue Wen encountered without knowing it, and tang lord was angry and changed color; Song Wen met enough, and Wen Yu was gone. Lord Tang said, "I saw this thing trembling, and I wanted to stab it with a saber." "
In the end, Li Congke took his mother, wife and son to set himself on fire.
In the blazing light of the fire, I don't know if he will still silently recite those two poems: Sheji Yiming Lord, Safe And Secure Woman.