Author: Zhong Yi
Regarding the 9th Corps and the Battle of Chosin Lake, there are many controversial issues. Before the outbreak of the Korean War, the 9th Corps had been training in the coastal areas of Fujian, and was the main force in the liberation of Taiwan Island. Many of the commanders of this corps are mostly from the south, which makes many people have a question: Chosin Lake belongs to the north of the North Korean side, and it has a cold climate, and the temperature is very low. Such a cold environment undoubtedly had an adverse impact on the combatants of the 9th Corps, and this environment was not conducive to the normal use of weapons and equipment. Therefore, sending the 9th Corps into the DPRK to fight, shouldn't it be, committing the taboo of soldiers?
Our army has always stressed that we should not fight a battle for which we are not prepared. So was the 9th Corps unprepared or ill-prepared for the battle? Some people think that the 19th Corps is more suitable than the 9th Corps, after all, the 19th Corps is stationed in the northwest, and the troops are more accustomed to the extremely cold environment, so why send the 9th Corps into the Korean War? What are the considerations?
First of all, let's analyze it from the experience of combat.
The 9th Corps belonged to Sanye and had jurisdiction over the 20th, 26th, and 27th Armies. This unit of the 20th Army was reorganized from the guerrillas in eastern Fujian, the most senior, and later reorganized into Huaye Yilong, which was characterized by its ability to penetrate in depth. The 26th Army was reorganized from the anti-war units of the Luzhong Military Region, and later organized as the Huaye Eight Columns, which were characterized by their ability to defend. The 27th Army was reorganized from the anti-war units of the Jiaodong Military Region, and later organized into the Huaye Nine Columns, which were characterized by their ability to fight tough battles.
In May 1947, Huaye's 1st, 4th, 8th, and 9th Columns completely annihilated Chiang's 74th Division at Menglianggu. Our military's use of inferior equipment against Chiang Kai-shek's well-equipped units is a decisive victory of great significance. In this battle, our troops have accumulated rich combat experience, and relying on these combat experiences, to a certain extent, they have made up for other disadvantages and even formed advantages.
In the battlefield of the Eastern Front to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the main enemy faced by the Volunteer Army was the US First Marine Division. This was the sharp knife unit of the United States, with tacit understanding and strong combat strength, and was known as the most powerful division-level combat unit in the world at that time. Such an ace unit, in addition to the 13th Corps that was transferred to the western front, could only fight with the 9th Corps and the 19th Corps. From the perspective of combat experience, the 9th Corps was significantly stronger than the 19th Corps. In this respect, the 9th Corps was the better choice than the 19th Corps.
General of the Song Dynasty
Second, let's analyze the quality of generals.
The commander of the 9th Corps was Song Shilun, who first studied at the Whampoa Military Academy and later participated in the Long March, where he made great achievements in battle and was known as a Confucian general. The deputy commander Tao Yong did not hesitate to let go, and together with Ye Fei, Su Yu, and Wang Bicheng, he was known as the "Four Tiger Generals" of Sanye. In April 1949, the Purple Quartz incident occurred, and Tao Yong directly shelled the British ships, choking the indomitable arrogance of the Western powers and playing our own prestige. Zhang Yixiang, commander of the 20th Army under the 9th Corps, Zhang Renchu, commander of the 26th Army, and Peng Deqing, commander of the 27th Army, were all famous fierce generals.
To deal with the ace troops of the US coalition forces, it is natural to come up with more confident troops. The Chairman once said: "The use of the Song Dynasty wheel is certain in this regard. ”
Therefore, sending the 9th Corps to fight seemed to be a suitable choice at the time, and in the end, the result of victory was also achieved. However, some people believe that the volunteer army paid a heavy price, but failed to completely annihilate the 1st Marine Division, which cannot be counted as a victory, but can only be counted as a draw. What do you think of this view?
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The success of a battle should be evaluated not only by the number of casualties, but also from a military strategic and political perspective. Let's look first at military strategy. The operations of the 9th Corps assisted the Volunteers on the Western Front in their counteroffensive, reversing the disadvantageous situation of the Volunteers on the northeastern front and eliminating the threat of the United States to the provisional capital Jiangjie. The Battle of Chosin Lake ensured the rear security of the Volunteer Army on the Western Front, assisted the Western Front troops in crushing MacArthur's Christmas Offensive, and laid the foundation for our initial victory. Generally speaking, the Battle of Chosin Lake of the 9th Corps was an important turning point in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, changed our passive and unfavorable situation, and tilted the balance of victory toward our side, which has an important historical position.
Second, analyze it from a political point of view. At first, the US coalition army was arrogant, and all countries in the world were not optimistic about the Sino-DPRK coalition. But the Battle of Chosin Lake completely shocked the whole world. Many Western media and newspapers have written this sentence: This is the biggest setback suffered by the United States since Pearl Harbor. The international prestige of New China has been enhanced and respected by the countries of the Third World. At the same time, he wiped the eyes of the great powers: New China is no longer the China that anyone can bully, and whoever finds trouble will inevitably have to pay a certain price!
The volunteer army used snow and ice to feed themselves
In addition, the Battle of Chosin Lake forced the U.S. coalition to consider ceasefire negotiations. Truman said after the battle: "A ceasefire is acceptable. And U.S. diplomats also believed that peace should be negotiated.
Combined with military strategy and political significance, the Battle of Chosin Lake was not only a victory, but also a great victory! The Chairman's assessment of the Battle of Chosin Lake was: "Under extremely difficult conditions, a huge strategic task has been accomplished. "Such an evaluation is extremely objective!
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