The Yuanmingyuan is in Haidian, a western suburb of Beijing, and is closely adjacent to the Summer Palace. It was built in the 46th year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1707), with more than 100 garden scenery and a construction area of more than 160,000 square meters, which is a large royal palace created and operated by the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty for more than 150 years. For most visitors, the most attractive thing is the landscape inside the Old Summer Palace. Although the park has gone through vicissitudes, people can still imagine the prosperity of the past. Interestingly, many of the landscapes in the Old Summer Palace are closely related to Hangzhou's West Lake.
This has to start with the Kangxi Emperor. In the twenty-eighth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1689), the thirty-six-year-old Kangxi Emperor began his second southern tour and arrived in Hangzhou for the first time. The city, famous for its spectacular views of lakes and mountains, left a very deep impression on him. After that, the Kangxi Emperor made four southern tours to Hangzhou and built a palace at the foot of the Lonely Mountain north of the West Lake, which is the location of Zhongshan Park in Hangzhou today. In addition, another important mark left by the Kangxi Emperor in Hangzhou is the "Ten Views of the West Lake" stele that he examined and inscribed.
Part of the "Qianlong Southern Tour Map"
His grandson, the Qianlong Emperor, followed in his grandfather's footsteps, and appended a poem to the back of each inscription of the "Ten Views of the West Lake" stele, and left an ink treasure. Not only that, the Qianlong Emperor, who was fascinated by the scenery of Jiangnan, also ordered the painter to present these landscapes one by one. Later, the Qianlong Emperor also asked the designer to transplant the "Ten Views of the West Lake" to the imperial garden in the capital, so that he could enjoy the beauty of Jiangnan without leaving home.
Although these ten scenes cannot be compared with Hangzhou in terms of scale or artistic conception, they also have their own characteristics. Let's unveil the dust of history together and see what the similarities and differences between the "Ten Views of the West Lake" in the Yuanmingyuan and the original version.
West Lake Pinghu Autumn Moon
Pinghu Autumn Moon Sun Xiaoming
The "Autumn Moon of Pinghu Lake" in Hangzhou's West Lake is a relatively broad landscape, which is a synthesis of some characteristic landscapes of West Lake. Pinghu naturally refers to the West Lake, and the autumn moon is undoubtedly the moon of autumn, and the best time to enjoy the "Autumn Moon of Pinghu" is the night of the full moon. The most beautiful place to appreciate the moon is the "Pinghu Autumn Moon" stele inscribed by the Kangxi Emperor at the western end of the Bai Causeway. Here is the east of the White Causeway, broken bridge, south of the lake and mountains, the west side of the Lone Mountain Scenic Area, the north side backed by jewel mountain and Geling Mountain, can be described as a view on all sides.
Autumn moon in The Plain Lake of the Old Summer Palace
Forty views of the Yuanmingyuan Pinghu Lake in autumn
If you follow the order of construction of the "Ten Views of the West Lake" in the Yuanmingyuan, the autumn moon of Pinghu Lake should be the first. This scenery was formed and named as late as the Yongzheng Period, and was continuously improved during the Qianlong Period, and finally included in the Forty Views of the Yuanmingyuan, and was painted in the "Forty Views of the Imperial Yuanmingyuan" and passed on to future generations. Moreover, the emperors of the Five Dynasties of Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, and Xianfeng all wrote poems and chants here.
Yongzheng Emperor
《Autumn Moon of Pinghu Lake》
The trees are filled with smoke, and the clear light flows through the water.
Shallow sand idle heron, light waves steady sleeping gulls.
Heart and moon double round mirror, lake sky color autumn.
Trance Star Hanli, Ethereal Jade Kyo Tour.
The Qianlong Emperor
Do not distinguish between the light of the sky and the color of the water,
Jie xuan pond hall Qingxiao liang,
The lotus is in the sky.
Bai Fu Su Gong Feng Ya Ke,
A cup of dancing neon clothes,
Who doesn't say Qiantang at this time?
Jiaqing Emperor
"Mirror Far Continent"
Thousands of clear waves are too subtle, and the water and sky are clear and clear.
Ripples are lightly stacked with pine trees, and the silk is tiled with stone rocks.
The clouds and shadows are high and the mountains are lofty, and the light of the sun is far away.
Shu Huai's wandering eyes are all leftover, and the mirror of his heart is self-sharpening to illuminate the nine circumferences.
Daoguang Emperor
"Pinghu Autumn Moon to Rain"
Pinghu Day afternoon pan light navigation, sass south wind happy to send cool.
Minglai green pine shades the bi ridge, containing fang purple hibiscus ying virtual hall.
Looking at the rain feet are still dense, at first I hear the thunder faintly rising.
Looking around at the wonderful scenery of Minghan, Yingzhou paints the center of the water.
Xianfeng Emperor
"Autumn Garden Test Horse boating from Chunhe Town to Pinghu Lake Autumn Moon Scene"
Where there are many poems, the autumn forest leaves begin.
Tsering Ma Du Pinggao, clarifying the scenery beyond beauty.
Light navigation pan blue waves, fang chrysanthemums are brilliant.
Lyrical chat about cutting, evening cool life net a few.
During the Qianlong period, the location of the "Pinghu Autumn Moon" in the Yuanmingyuan also had a bit of the charm of the West Lake: its east side was a stone bridge and a "twin peaks interpolation cloud" landscape, the west side was connected to the Gorran Grand Gong Scenic Area, the north side was leaning on a group of small hills, and the south side was the wide water surface of Fuhai (simulating hangzhou's West Lake). In the creation of the surrounding scenery, the Qianlong Emperor was very careful and strived to achieve the best from the artistic conception.
Autumn Moon Floor Plan of Pinghu Lake (Late Jiaqing Period)
Every New Year's Day, the Pinghu Autumn Moon Hall will hang two pairs of gallery lamps, five blessings and four pairs of six-sided silk painting lamps. The hall also once stored a handle of brown bamboo edge Wen Zhu Strand Core Copper Shaft on both sides of the black paper Pinghu Autumn Moon YingJing Character Painting Fan.
From the Yuanmingyuan Han Lang Jian to see the autumn moon of Pinghu Lake
There is a suspension bridge on the east side of the Autumn Moon Hall of Pinghu Lake, and fuhai's large cruise ships all enter the large dock on the north side from this mouth. On the high platform at the eastern end of the bridge, there is a wooden pavilion with heavy eaves and a pointed roof, and the Qianlong Imperial Pen "Two Peaks Inserting Clouds" plaque is hung outside the pavilion. In September of the fifth year of Qianlong, two pieces of glass were installed on the two peaks of the Cloud Pavilion, each 54 centimeters long and 29 centimeters wide. This scene has the same name as the "Two Peaks Inserting Clouds" in Hangzhou's West Lake. It is also one of the ten scenic spots of the West Lake in the Yuanmingyuan, and this is the place where the empress ascends every Chongyang Festival.
Yuanmingyuan Pinghu Autumn Moon Ruins
Nowadays, the autumn of the Yuanmingyuan is also extremely beautiful, strolling in the garden, watching the colorful leaves fluttering, watching the yellow leaves cover the earth, looking close to the Fuhai Sea, overlooking the West Mountain, you may be immersed in it, friends who like photography must not miss!
Warm tips: The picture above is a photographic work in previous years, please pay attention to the official WeChat and Weibo of the "Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park" for details in the park.
[Photography]
Jiao Xiaoquan
Kim Ji-woo
Slowly
[edit]
Fu Huaidong