Due to the impact of the epidemic, people's enthusiasm for health has also soared. If you want to better understand your health status, it is natural to do a physical examination.
The seed players on the major physical examination sheets are ultrasound, which is a kind of imaging examination, non-invasive, convenient and cheap, which can be described as suitable for all ages. However, in the face of an ultrasound report full of technical terms, many people will be very confused, echo, calcification foci, boundaries... What does that mean?
Don't be afraid, follow the editor to listen to what the experts have to say. A qualified ultrasound report divided into three parts: image, description, and conclusion.
1. Black and white image of honey juice doubt
The sound vibration frequency that the human ear can hear is between 50-20,000Hz, and the sound wave that exceeds 20,000Hz cannot be heard by the human ear, which is called ultrasonic.
Like ordinary sound, ultrasonic waves can travel in a certain direction and can penetrate objects, and if they encounter obstacles, they will produce echoes, and different obstacles will produce different echoes. Ultrasound emits and receives sound waves through a small probe, collects different echoes and displays images through computational processing, just like some people will knock when buying watermelons, and judge the quality of watermelons through sound.
The black in the image represents strong ultrasonic penetration, such as amniotic fluid, blood, urine, follicle fluid, etc.; gray represents weak ultrasonic penetration, such as muscles, corpus luteum, secretions, etc.; white represents poor ultrasound penetration, such as bones, ligaments, stones, hyperplasia, etc. In summary, these images are intended to provide an image reference for the ultrasound doctor.
Each image of ultrasound is personally detected and collected by the ultrasound doctor, and each patient, according to the different parts of the examination, will store different numbers of images, and for more complex cases, there are dozens of them.
Ultrasound can detect the internal organs of the human body through the belly, including but not limited to the liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, pelvis, women's uterine ovaries and men's prostate, etc., and can also be used to check the thyroid, muscles, and mammary glands. In addition, ultrasound is sometimes used for heart examination and blood vessel examination.
2. Common terms in ultrasound description
Ultrasound description is similar to "look at the picture to speak", what you see, write what you want, the content of the description is relatively objective, involving the location, orientation, size, echo, boundary and form, blood flow and other information.
place
As long as we know the left and right words, we can understand which side of the organ has a problem, such as the left/right side of the thyroid gland, the left/right kidney, the following figure is the ultrasound report of NetEase Health's small editor during the physical examination.
azimuth
Above, below, inside, outside, etc. For example, breast nodules, in addition to the intuitive orientation noun, will also use a "clock" method, 12 points corresponding to the upper, 6 points corresponding to the lower, the left milk 2 points corresponding to the left breast outside, the right milk 2 points corresponding to the right milk inner upper, and so on.
size
For nodules, polyps, hyperplasia, cysts, etc., the doctor's description of their size is generally to take the maximum value of "length, width, height" or "length and width". NetEase Health often receives messages from netizens asking whether it matters if the polyps are long. In fact, the doctor will say to the patient that "your gallbladder polyp is within 5mm, no surgery is needed", referring to the "length, width and height" of the polyp, which does not exceed 5mm.
In general, the smaller the "superfluous things" such as nodules and polyps, the greater the probability of benignness and the less harmful to the body. However, this does not mean that it is possible to leave it alone, and regular review and close attention to its subsequent performance is a good policy.
echo
Take the nodule as an example, if there is no echo, it means that it is liquid, which belongs to the cystic nodule, more figuratively, that is, a "blister bubble" grows in one of your organs. In general, small cysts do not need treatment and only need to be reviewed regularly.
If there is an echo, the nature of the lesion needs to be judged according to other descriptions, whether it is solid, cystic or cystic lesions, and the treatment that needs to be taken according to the image characteristics and clinical manifestations.
The case of echo is roughly divided into: strong echo, high echo, equal echo, low echo, and weak echo.
Strong echoes are accompanied by sound and shadow, which is generally a description of calcified foci or stones, such as intrahepatic bile duct stones, gallbladder stones, intrahepatic calcified foci, nephrolithiasis, intrarenal calcification foci, intraprostate calcification foci, ureteral calcification, intrathyroid calcification, intramammary calcification foci, etc.
Some people see the "calcification stove", it will be particularly nervous, here to draw the focus: calcified stove also has good and evil points.
The calcification foci resemble the calcium precipitation of stones, and the image shows white bright spots, which is the battlefield after the battle between human immune cells and foreign enemies such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, just like the small pits left after the acne on the face. In most cases, calcified foci are harmless, but for some specific organs, if the calcification foci are small, numerous, and poly, be careful. For example, if the words "nodules with microcalcifications" appear in thyroid or breast ultrasounds, it is necessary to be highly vigilant for the possibility of malignancy.
Boundaries and patterns
Boundary, which refers to the boundary between the lesion and the surrounding tissues. Clear boundaries mean that the lesion has a clear boundary with the surrounding tissue; the boundary is not clear, which means that the boundary between the lesion and the surrounding tissue is not significant. Morphological regularity, which means that the lesion is round or oval; irregular morphology, it means that the lesion is irregularly shaped and can extend to the surrounding tissues in the shape of crab claws. For example, the malignant nodules of the thyroid or breast are mostly irregular in shape and unclear boundaries, and they are like crab feet, desperately trying to invade the surrounding normal tissues.
Blood flow signals
Blood flow signals refer to color Doppler blood flow imaging, and most of the ultrasounds we do now are color ultrasounds.
Color ultrasound does not mean that the imaging is color, but on the basis of two-dimensional ultrasound, that is, the black and white image is added to the color Doppler blood flow imaging function, which can show the blood supply characteristics of the lesion, and better help doctors diagnose through different color Doppler blood flow imaging performance.
Color Doppler blood flow imaging can also be used to examine the heart and blood vessels. It should be reminded that color Doppler blood flow imaging must be combined with the characteristics of two-dimensional ultrasound, including size, boundary, structure, echo, calcification, etc. to determine the nature of the lesion.
3. Ultrasound prompts, the doctor draws conclusions
Compared with the objective "ultrasound description", "ultrasound prompt" is the subjective summary judgment of ultrasound doctors on ultrasound imaging with professional knowledge and clinical experience, that is, "conclusion".
Finally, I still want to remind everyone that being able to read the examination report sheet helps to understand their own condition. However, it also needs the interpretation of professional doctors, and if necessary, it is necessary to go to the hospital for further examination and evaluation, and do not make up your own mind, so as not to misjudge.
The source of this article: NetEase Health