Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that seriously endangers the health of small partners, and the health jun brings everyone to understand the knowledge of tuberculosis, let us stay away from it!
March 24 is World TB Day, and this year's campaign theme in China is "Launching An Action to End TB and Build a Healthy China Together".
Tuberculosis, especially tuberculosis, is still one of the statutory infectious diseases in our country. According to the data of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2016 and 2017, the number of tuberculosis patients in China exceeded 830,000, and the incidence and mortality rate were second only to hepatitis and AIDS, ranking second among statutory infectious diseases.
Wang Zhongyuan, director of the All-Army Tuberculosis Research Institute of the 309th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, pointed out that although the data of the past two years show that the epidemic situation has dropped significantly compared with the past, the situation is still relatively grim. However, TB is not terrible, and ending TB needs to start with a scientific response.
△ Creative picture / Beijing News reporter Chen Dong
The incidence of tuberculosis in China is the third in the world
In 2017, the WHO Global TB Report showed that 10.4 million people worldwide suffered from TB and 1.8 million died from TB in 2016, making TB the world's leading infectious killer.
According to data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the incidence of tuberculosis in China is 67/100,000, and the mortality rate is 2.3/100,000. Among them, for every 100,000 people, 64 people suffer from common tuberculosis, and the estimated number of patients reaches 895,000, accounting for 8.6% of the global incidence, ranking third in the world.
In addition, 7.1% of patients with MDR/rifampicin-resistant TB and 12% of the world's incidences, ranking second globally. The reported incidence of tuberculosis in China shows a downward trend year by year, with an annual decline rate of 3.23%, higher than the global level of 1.5%, but the incidence has always ranked second in class A and B infectious diseases.
Smoking and alcohol abuse exacerbate tuberculosis infection
Wang Lixia, director of the Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Center of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that tuberculosis is transmitted through the respiratory tract, mainly in poor people, marginalized communities and groups and other vulnerable groups, malnutrition, poor living environment, poor sanitary conditions, coupled with other risk factors such as smoking, alcoholism, diabetes, etc., will exacerbate the susceptibility of tuberculosis.
Wang Zhongyuan pointed out that one of the more obvious symptoms of tuberculosis is coughing and coughing up sputum. If coughing and sputum persist for two weeks, there is a high suspicion of tuberculosis, as this is the most obvious suspicious symptom of tuberculosis. At this time, the best way to deal with it is to go to the hospital to take a film, see if there are lesions in the lungs, and do a preliminary investigation.
Tuberculosis is possible throughout the body
"TB bacteria don't just damage the lungs, they happen all over the body." Wang Zhongyuan pointed out that among tuberculosis, tuberculosis accounts for more than 80%, and the rest is extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
It is recorded in the literature that all parts of the human body except hair, nails and other parts will not suffer from tuberculosis, and tuberculosis that occurs outside the lungs is collectively referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Common are lymph node tuberculosis, intestinal tuberculosis, bone tuberculosis, renal tuberculosis, tuberculous meningitis, tuberculous peritonitis and so on.
These extrapulmonary tuberculosis are also very harmful to the human body, such as people with lumbar tuberculosis, who lose their labor force because the waist cannot move; people with thoracic tuberculosis can be severely hunched. The most common lymph node in extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which occurs in women than men, occurs in the neck and is mostly found in the hospital for neck lumps.
Adolescents are susceptible to tuberculosis
When adolescents are in puberty, the internal environment of the body changes greatly, the stability is poor, and they are more susceptible to various pathogens, including tuberculosis bacilli.
Wang Zhongyuan suggested that for the prevention of tuberculosis in adolescents, it is necessary for schools, parents and students to cooperate together. Schools should pay attention to the admission physical examination check, through X-ray screening to block patients outside the school gate; students who find persistent cough, should be vigilant and timely diagnosis and treatment.
At the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to the hygiene of the campus environment such as classrooms and dormitories, and reduce the transmission routes. Parents should have a certain understanding of their children and seek medical treatment in time after having symptoms. Students themselves must also improve their immunity by strengthening physical exercise, paying attention to personal hygiene, adapting to new environments and stabilizing their mood as soon as possible.
Prevent tuberculosis by going to intensive places
"To prevent tuberculosis, what is most needed is to raise health awareness and strengthen autoimmunity." Wang Zhongyuan explained that tuberculosis bacteria are usually brought by tuberculosis patients who drain bacteria, who excrete bacteria into the air, and people are infected by inhaling aerosols in the environment.
Wang Zhongyuan suggested that we should try to go to crowded places as little as possible, especially those who are susceptible to the decline of the body's immunity due to AIDS, diabetes and other factors, and wear masks in accordance with regulations when entering and leaving places with tuberculosis people to prevent and reduce the inhalation of tuberculosis bacteria. Usually, it is necessary to take the initiative to exercise and do a good job of personal hygiene, and it is best to take a chest X-ray regularly once a year.
In addition, smoking cessation is required, and a British study found that smokers are 20% to 30% more likely to be infected with TB bacteria than non-smokers.
Written by / Beijing News reporter Wang Kara
Creative photo / Beijing News reporter Chen Dong
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This article is original content for Fun Health (ID: xjbjiangkang).
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