Yantai, one of the "Four Treasures of the Study Room", originated from nature and is used for the Accord. The shapes of the Song Dynasty Yantai are various, among which the scribe brick is derived from the dustpan type stone of the Tang Dynasty, also known as the mediocre stone, the hand copy or the great history stone.
The scribe is practical, because its brick hall is wide and shallow, it is easy to dip the ink pen when grinding, the ink pool is small but deep, and it can store a certain amount of ink for writing. The whole Yan shape is composed of lines and surfaces, without any carved ornamentation, and the concise expression is fresh, elegant and atmospheric, which perfectly reflects the style of culture, art and arts and crafts of the Song people, and also meets the practical and aesthetic requirements of the literati for Yan, becoming one of the most basic, common and representative Yantai models in the Song Dynasty.
So what's next
We want to "know" a "treasure",
It came from a master,
Take a closer look!
Zhang Yanji carved a copy of the hand duan yan
One side of the hand-copied duan yan, unique Song Dynasty legacy
Fuzhou Museum has a collection of Qing Dynasty Zhang Tingjiming scribe Duan Yan, its shape is flat and solemn, the edge is strong and straight, the lines are smooth, the knife is clean and neat, the atmosphere is elegant, quite a Song Dynasty relic, and it is favored by experts.
The scribe-shaped system is small but solemn and elegant, with four corners and rounded corners, consistent thickness and thinness throughout, and no grain. The stone is made of old pit end stone, the color is blue and black and purple, the texture is solid and delicate, the color is warm and moist, and it is made of high-quality stone in the end stone. Its stone surface is 7.6 cm wide, 13.6 cm long and 5.5 cm thick, and the brick hall is flat and the ink pool is deep, and the proportions are suitable. The ink slag in the ink pool is residual, and the ink rust condensation throughout the body is difficult to wash away, and there are slight wear marks in the Yantang.
From the perspective of the shape of the brick, the brick surface is rectangular, the head and tail are equal width, the corners are round, the yantang is flat, the diagonal "one" shaped brick pool, the three sides of the brick body are vertical, one of the sides has a corner defect, the defect is left on the cross-section of the rubber paint residue, and the back of the brick is dug obliquely, which is a typical feature of the Ming Dynasty scribe-style brick platform.
On the side of the damaged surface of the body is inscribed the inscription of the five elements of Zhang Tingji in the fifth year of Qing Daoguang (1825), which reads: "Shi Ling (岳) 嶽, fold its horns, fold its corners, know the deficiencies, the corners are compounded, with glue paint, with glue paint, the heart is like a knot." Daoguang 5th Year 10 July for Fan Hu Jin Brother Old Friend Ming, Zhang Tingji", under which a Zhu Wen seal "Zhang Shuwei" is engraved.
Zhang Tingji is a xu person
Zhang Tingji (1768-1848), a native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, was a famous epigrapher, collector and calligrapher of cultural relics in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. In the third year of Qing Jiaqing (1798), he tried to solve the Yuan in the middle of the WuwuKe Township, but after repeatedly failing to try, he was desperate to pursue a career, and then focused on academic research and artistic creation.
Zhang Tingji traveled through the three dynasties of Qianlong, Jiaqing, and Daoguang, and traveled closely with celebrities and officials of the same era, such as Ruan Yuan, Weng Fanggang, Zhang Yanchang, and Zhao Wei, and was a disciple of Ruan Yuan. He is good at calligraphy and painting, proficient in seal, subordinate, line, and kai calligraphy, good use of allusions, and simple style.
In addition, Zhang Tingji is also proficient in the study of gold and stone evidence, especially good at cultural relics appreciation, and can distinguish between true and false for monuments and utensils. In addition, he also collected well, including Ding Yi, stele plates, tiles and calligraphy and paintings, and many of the utensils were precious and rare. In his lifetime, he wrote "Golden Stone Characters", "Ancient Artifacts Collected by Qingyi Pavilion", "Qingyi Pavilion Golden Stone Inscriptions", "Gui Xintang Collection" and so on, and there are many books passed down from generation to generation.
Yan ming content, there are many articles
From the perspective of Yan Ming, Zhang Tingji, the owner of this Fang Yantai, called him "Fan Hu's Golden Brother and Old Friend", from which it can be seen that this person's name is Jin Fan Lake. In the "Qing Barnyard Notes" compiled by Xu Ke at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there are many records of stories of Jin Fanhu and others playing with the ancient jade hidden by Zhang Tingji.
"Qing Barnyard Banknotes": "Uncle Zhang did not hide the white jade valley WenXuan, with a slight edge, one side of the valley text, one side of the silkworm text, but not long after the excavation, still less warm." The old is the Zhao Jin Zhai Hidden Objects, Daoguang Yi Youqiu, Gui Shuwei, The Price Silver Ten Cakes"... Later, jin fanhu, his son Lu Qing Qiao Zi and Zhang Shouzhi mo, for several years, began to be warm, but the stiffness of the valley was not exhausted. ”
It can be seen from this that the son of Jin Fanhu is named Jin Luqing. Zhang Shouzhi is Zhang Tingji's nephew Zhang Xin. Zhang Tingji gave the ancient jade in his family's collection to Jin Fanhu's father and nephew Zhang Xin to play with, which is enough to prove that Zhang Tingji and Jin Fanhu have a deep friendship, and Zhang and Jin's two families are family friends, according to which it is inferred that the owner of Yantai is Zhang Tingji's old friend Jin Fanhu.
The first sentence of Yan Ming writes "Shi Yue Yue, fold its horns", which literally refers to the damage of the folded horns on the side of the Yantai, which is actually an allusion borrowed from "Wulu Yue Yue, Zhu Yun folds its horns".
The allusion to "Wulu Yueyue, Zhu Yun folding his horns" comes from the "Book of Han and Zhu Yun's Biography": During the Western Han Dynasty, Wulu Chongzong of Shaofu was "Liang Qiu Yi", pampered and proud, and was fierce, the Han Yuan Emperor ordered him to debate with the "Yi" family, Wulu Chongzong relied on power, took advantage of the noble argument, Zhu Ru did not dare to resist it, Zhu Yun was not afraid of power, and repeatedly refuted Wulu Chongzong. Therefore, Zhu Confucian said: "Five deer Yue Yue, Zhu Yun folded its horns." The words of Zhu Confucianism, a pun, with the "Wulu Yueyue" antlers towering, alluding to the arrogance and domineering of the Wulu Chongzong; "Zhu Yun folding his horns" to describe Zhu Yun's argument against the Wulu Chongzong.
Yan Ming's second sentence "fold its corners, know the lack", using the rhetorical technique of the thimble, can be interpreted as the damage to the folding angle on the side of the Yantai, which is its deficiency; at the same time, it can be understood that the surface structure of the brick can be observed from the broken corner section, and its deficiencies are known. "The angle is trapped, the party knows enough" also echoes "Wulu Yueyue, Zhu Yun folds its horns", implying the meaning of modesty and introspection, which means a lot. Subsequently, the two sentences in Yan Ming are "angle compound, with glue paint." With glue paint, the heart is like a knot. It seems to be straightforward to say that the broken corner of the Yantai can be repaired with glue paint, but it leads to the message of "like glue like paint" and eternal knot concentricity, which is natural and not rigid.
According to this, it can be seen that the production date of this Fang Yantai should be in the Ming Dynasty, and then returned to Zhang Tingji's former friend Jin Fanhu, and Zhang Tingji appreciated and inscribed it in the fifth year of Daoguang (1825), writing Cangjin ancient and simple, with gold and stone interest, which is consistent with Zhang Tingji's own calligraphy style.
Just as the so-called "Yan yi ming gui", although the inscription content is few words, but the writing is coherent and clever, interlocking and meaning timeless, the calligraphy is exquisite, the words are simple and fascinating, a generation of golden stones are brilliant and flowery, "turning decay into magic", injecting a new atmosphere of the times into the Ming Dynasty scribe Duan Yan with broken side corners, so that it is endowed with a unique and important literati interest and artistic charm, which adds a lot of color.
Knowledge window
The first of the "Four Famous Stones" - Duan Yan
As one of the four famous stones, Duan Yan is also the first of the four famous stones in China. The "Four Treasures of Wenfang" is crowned with Yan, the Taohe Yan of Zhuoni in Gansu, the Sheyan in Shexian County, Anhui, the Chengniyan in Shanxi County, and the Duanyan in Zhaoqing, Guangdong, which are known as the "Four Famous Yans of China", of which the Duanyan of Guangdong is the most famous, with a history of more than 1,000 years. Duan Yan, the leader in the literary supplies, has been deeply loved by the ancient sages since ancient times, and has been admired, valued and cherished by many literati and inkers.
Huang Xuan, who everyone likes, is a calligraphy master in the entertainment industry
The use of Yantai can be traced back to the Han Dynasty, when artificial ink was invented, and ink could be directly ground on the yantai, so yantai began to develop. In the "Interpretation of Names" written by Liu Xi in the Han Dynasty, it is explained: "Yan is also a yan, and it can be studied to make ink and make a lot of money".
01
Why is it the "first of the four famous stones"
Duan Yan is known for its stoney firmness, smoothness like baby's skin, delicate and delicate. The ink is not delayed, the ink is fast, the ink is smooth, the writing is smooth, and the color of the handwriting remains unchanged for a long time. Excellent stone, exquisite shape, is the same can be preserved forever arts and crafts, very collectible.
Zhaoqing Seven Star Rock
The main stone production areas of Duanyan are distributed in the area of Langke Mountain in the east of Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, and Beiling Mountain in the north of Qixing Rock in Zhaoqing City, especially the stones of Laokeng, Mazikeng and Kengzaiyan are the best. The stone quality of these pit rocks is better, the production of bricks is easy to ink, there are many stone products, practical and appreciated are very valuable.
02
About the historical origins of Duan Yan
Since the Tang Dynasty, Duan Yan has been loved by successive generations of literary and military generals. From the feeling of using Duan yan, they have written a large number of papers and writings, which have become valuable materials for studying the history and culture of Duan Yan, and they will always be inspired and flowers when using Duan Yan.
Works by Tang calligrapher Yan Zhenqing
Su Shi "Chibi Fu"
The Song Dynasty was the heyday of the development of Duan Yan, and the national context was everywhere, and many politicians, writers and calligraphy and painting artists were fascinated by Duan Yan, pushing Duan Yan to the highest peak, such as Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anzhi, Su Dongpo and so on.
In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty was particularly fond of Duan Yan, and the Duan Yan he hid in the palace, according to the "Western Qing Yan Genealogy", there were 62 parties, each of which had an inscription, and greatly praised Duan Yan, regarding Duan Yan as a rare treasure.
The legendary Qianlong authentic relic
After the founding of New China, the production of duanyan was restored, the industry developed rapidly, and the output increased year by year. As of 2015, the number of employees in the Duanyan industry in Zhaoqing City has grown to tens of thousands, with an annual output value of more than 300 million yuan.
03
About the use, maintenance and collection of duanyan
Successive generations of literati and scholars in China have attached great importance to the use, maintenance and collection of Duan Yan. It not only protects the yantai itself from damage, but more importantly, maintains the overall perfection of the end stone and the use of ink.
1, the end of the stone is delicate, tender, first of all has a very close relationship with water. Especially the old pit stone, the cave has water all year round, and the stone is soaked in the water all year round to make it young and moist, so the ancients put forward the conclusion of "nourishing the stone with water", that is, injecting clear water into the stone pond for maintenance.
2, Duan Yan is an instrument of ink research, if the YanTang is often stained with residual ink, it will affect the practical effect of Duan Yan, over time, its stone quality will appear dry and rough.
3. In addition, the newly enabled end stone, if the ink is not good, can be burned into charcoal powder with fir wood dipped in water, grind the Brick Hall several times with a brush, and then wash it with clean water, and then ink can be issued.
Some sources: Collector's Magazine, Song Porcelain Collection
Source: Fuzhou Museum