The Great Economic Crisis in World History and Roosevelt's New Deal in World War II

History Corner - Ninth Grade World History: The Great Economic Crisis and Roosevelt's New Deal in World War II

Wen's Note: It's almost over

Module XI: The Great Economic Crisis and world war II

Lecture 1: Roosevelt's New Deal Knowledge Points and Exercises:

From prosperity to crisis:

1. Economic prosperity: In the 20s and 20s, the U.S. economy was unprecedentedly prosperous and emerging industries developed rapidly. (Knock on the blackboard knowledge point: The rapid development of emerging industries has benefited from the innovation of production technology and the wide application of the achievements of the second industrial revolution.) ）

2. The Great Economic Crisis:

(1) Fundamental causes: The basic contradiction of the capitalist system, that is, the contradiction between the socialization of production and the private ownership of the means of production.

(2) Direct cause: the contradiction between supply and demand in the market.

(3) Substance: relative overproduction.

(4) Outbreak: In late October 1929, the price of U.S. stocks suddenly plummeted, and the crisis began.

(5) Performance: industrial production declined, trade plummeted, prices soared, bank bankruptcies, and the number of unemployed people soared.

(6) Features:

(1) Wide range, long duration and destructive.

(2) The Great Crisis, which spread rapidly from the United States to all of Europe and the world except the Soviet Union, was by far the largest, longest-lasting, and most profound economic crisis that human society has encountered.

(7) Impact: Deteriorate people's lives, seriously damage production, and trigger political and social crises.

Roosevelt's New Deal:

1. Time: 1933.

2. Purpose: To cope with the increasingly severe economic crisis and reverse the economic situation.

3. Features: State intervention.

4. The embodiment of roosevelt's "new" new deal:

(1) New theories and new policies: from liberalism advocating laissez-faire economic development to Keynesianism advocating state intervention.

(2) New characteristics: avoiding as many forms of nationalization as possible, trying to maintain the capitalist system of free enterprise, while also taking measures in favour of workers and small producers to alleviate class contradictions.

(3) A new starting point: it is a partial adjustment of the relations of production to push the private monopoly capitalism of the United States to the American, non-fascist state monopoly capitalism. After World War II, this model was widely adopted, and the capitalist system gained new vitality.

5. Main contents:

(1) Rectification of the financial system: Pass the Emergency Banking Act to rectify the banking industry and restore bank credit.

(2) Strengthen the planning guidance and adjustment center measures of industry:

(1) Adopt the National Industrial Revitalization Law, formulate fair competition regulations, and coordinate enterprise activities in various industrial sectors.

(2) Provide for the right of employees to organize negotiations, establish minimum wages and limit working hours.

(3) Pass the National Labor Relations Law to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers within a certain range.

(3) Adjustment of agricultural policies: Through the Agricultural Adjustment Law, agricultural production and sales throughout the country will be regulated, yields will be limited, and prices of agricultural products will be stabilized.

(4) Promote "work-for-charity": through investment in the construction of a large number of public facilities, such as reservoirs, power stations, roads, bridges, airports, sports fields, parks, etc., to provide employment opportunities for the unemployed.

(5) Establishment of a social security system:

(1) Adopt the Social Security Law to establish a social security system.

(2) Establish emergency relief agencies and use surplus materials to provide relief to unemployed families.

6. Evaluation:

(1) Historical significance:

(1) During the New Deal, the U.S. economy began to recover slowly, industrial production recovered, employment gradually increased, and people's lives improved.

(2) The New Deal enhanced the U.S. government's ability to exercise macroeconomic regulation and control, restored the confidence of the American people, and had a profound impact on the capitalist world.

(2) Limitations: The New Deal did not change the essence of capitalism, it was a policy adjustment made under the premise of maintaining the capitalist system, and it could not solve the fundamental contradictions of American society.

7. The reasons for the success of Roosevelt's New Deal:

(1) The position of the hegemon of the world economy and the strong economic strength enable the government to intervene in the national economy.

(2) The democratic traditions formed since the Revolutionary War provided a strong political guarantee for its successful implementation.

(3) It draws on the successful experience of the planned economy of the socialist Soviet Union at that time.