Interpretation of the Complete Works of Tang Ying No. 2 Wen / Lord of the Royal ZhenTang
The author has already published in "A scholar who studies classical opera accidentally saved the collecting world!" This article makes a detailed argument on the authority and authenticity of the "Complete Works of Tang Ying", if you have any doubts, please check it yourself! If there is any counter-evidence, please publish an article publicly to present evidence, the so-called industry "theory" can not be proved.
Qing Palace to the folk sale of official kiln porcelain? For most people who are new to collecting, it is simply unbelievable! Many so-called "senior" collectors are even more scornful, and some "experts" and so on are reluctant to admit or mention things.
Royal official kiln porcelain, because of its noble status, high value, should be the exclusive use of the royal family, how can ordinary people touch? How can there be official kiln porcelain in the folk? How could the court possibly sell these noble royal utensils to the common people for use? These voices of doubt have been heard in the years when I first ventured into collecting, and in some institutions and some experts have been deeply rooted.
Don't talk about it anymore, speak with facts, get on the dry goods!
On page 1183 of the fourth volume of the Complete Works of Tang Ying, "Please set the example of the change in the price of subcolor porcelain to be abused by Du Min kiln": "..... With the submission of the general manager Nian Xiyao, the color foot goods, according to the value of the piece, resulting in the yellow book, in the annual great luck of the present together, handed over to the inner house, there are those who can change the price, that is, in Beijing to change the price, there are those available for reward that are reserved for reward. Since the slaves arrived at the factory, yu Yongzheng's seventh year has always been handled in this way. ........ Now, on December 12, 1977, Qianlong received a communication from the Yangxindian Building Office, which contained the decree of June 23 of this year: After that, the foot goods do not need to come to Beijing, that is, the price is changed in this place. .........”
Tang Ying's mention of the Sale of Secondary Color and Foot Goods Porcelain by the Qing Palace Interior Is This Recital just a record or is there really such a thing? Is there more definitive evidence? Yes!
The "Tang Ying Dou Tao Document" is a supplement to the "Complete Works of Tang Ying", compiled by the same author, and the source of the data is basically the same, which is well documented.
On page 34 of the Tang Ying Dou Tao Document, "The Ministry of Internal Affairs sent Tang Ying a fold of porcelain with variable prices" it is recorded: "... Tang Ying sent variable price foot goods porcelain and the inner court received and stored porcelain and was ordered to hand over chongwenmen to change the price......... It is instructed that the Kangxi Year Number Yongzheng Nian Complete Porcelain Still Step Up the Storage of Porcelain with Incomplete Glaze Water Handover Office Order the Minister of the Interior Hai Wang to bottles and cans and other types of porcelain should be selected in the Yuanmingyuan Decoration Personnel Song Ming Decoration Placed in the Inner Porcelain Order Tea Room Selection Of the Rest of the JiaochongwenMen Change Price... Found Tang Ying sent a total of 36,413 pieces of porcelain to the price of the foot goods, within which 2,412 pieces of yellow porcelain were seen to be delivered to the warehouse for storage and storage of 34,000 pieces of porcelain that should be changed in price......... The inner court of the investigation handed over thirty-five thousand nine hundred and eighty-eight pieces of porcelain... He also checked that the Inner Ku Kangxi Nian number had 194,25 pieces of glazed water incomplete porcelain 194,25 yongzheng nian number had 48,824 pieces of porcelain with glazed water incomplete porcelain 48,824 pieces of porcelain that the inner minister selected bottles and cans and other kinds of porcelain in accordance with the instructions of the inner court, and asked the eunuch general manager of the Yuanmingyuan to be handed over to the eunuch of the Yuanmingyuan and so on, where there should be decorations, the tea dining room, etc. Selected 63,523 pieces of porcelain, and saw that there were 38,56 pieces of yellow porcelain inside the porcelain, 649 pieces of blue porcelain rat head bottles, which were for the application of the inner court and sacrificial furnishings ......... The above porcelain is estimated to be worth a total of 21,182,290,000 silver for 8 cents and 6 cents... On October 16 of the second year of Qianlong, he was instructed to know this."
The above is an excerpt from the specific content of the changed foot goods porcelain sent by Tang Ying in the second year of Qianlong, and the ministry of internal affairs presented to Qianlong with the following content:
Qianlong asked the Ministry of Internal Affairs to hand over the variable-price foot porcelain handed over by Tang Ying and some porcelain originally stored in the palace to Chongwenmen for sale, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs reported the quantity and valuation of the relevant porcelain to the emperor in detail...
The Ministry of Internal Affairs was instructed to carefully store and store the porcelain in stock of the Kangxi Nian and Yongzheng Nian numbers, and the defective Jiaotong Office ordered the Minister of the Interior Hai Wang to select the bottles and jars and other porcelain that could be displayed in the Yuanmingyuan and take them to the Yuanmingyuan decorations, and there were the imperial dining rooms that could be used to select them for the imperial dining room, and the rest were handed over to the Chongwen Gate for sale...
There are 36,413 pieces of foot goods porcelain (Qianlong Year number) sent by Tang Ying, in addition to 2412 pieces of yellow-glazed porcelain that cannot be used by the people, 34,001 pieces of porcelain should be sold. ...... The inner court also handed over 35,988 pieces of porcelain (Qianlong year number) that could be sold... (34001+35988=69989 pieces)
He also checked 194025 pieces of defective porcelain in the Inner Court Treasury Kangxi Year Number, 48824 pieces of defective porcelain in the Yongzheng Year Number, and 294 pieces of bottle and can porcelain were selected by the Inner Court Haiwang in accordance with the instructions of the Eunuch of the Yuanmingyuan to be displayed in the place where there was a need for decoration, and 63,523 pieces of porcelain were selected to be sent to the imperial dining room, and 30,856 pieces of yellow glazed porcelain, 649 pieces of porcelain lords, and 429 pieces of blue porcelain rat head bottles were selected for use only by the inner court and sacrifices, and it was inconvenient to value and sell them to the inner court inventory. The total number of changed porcelain of the Kangxi Yongzheng era is 147098 pieces! In addition, there are 69,989 pieces of Qianlongnian porcelain that need to be sold.
(The defective official kiln porcelain of the Three Dynasties of Kang Yongqian, which the Qianlong Dynasty needed to sell in the second year of Qianlong, 217087 pieces!) ）
All of the above changed porcelain (including the changed porcelain handed over by Tang Ying and cleared by the inner court inventory) is valued at a total of 21182.9 silver.
Qianlong 2 years on October 16, 2012 ordered: I know (meaning to do it according to the music)
As can be seen from the above folds:
In the second year of Qianlong alone, the number of porcelain that the Ministry of Internal Affairs needed to pay to Chongwenmen was huge, in addition to the Qianlong porcelain sent by Tang Ying this year, there was also a large number of inventory of Kang Yongqian porcelain cleared out by the inner court warehouse, and the silver after the discounted valuation reached more than 21,000 taels, which was also a huge amount of money at that time. Because of the Kangxi Yongzheng and the late Qianlong period, the annual firing cost of the huge imperial kiln factory was less than 10,000 taels, and the valuation of these porcelain was discounted according to the cost of firing. Although these porcelains are more or less flawed, but after all, they do not belong to those smashed defective products, but only the secondary color official kiln porcelain, most of the flaws will not be too obvious, and now there are sometimes such porcelain on the auction market, as shown below:
From the degree of preservation of this porcelain color glaze and other places, as well as the cleanliness of the circle foot, the circulation protection of this piece of porcelain is quite in place, and it is likely that it belongs to the cellar protection in the first two hundred years, but there is an old crack in the circle foot, which may be the secondary color porcelain at that time, but the grade is very high. According to a report, "This collection is clearly documented, dating back to the Shanghai collection in the 1930s, and was also stored for Henry Knight, which was extinct in the market for 30 years." "Now the auction market generally pays attention to the so-called "orderly circulation", but most of them can only be traced back to less than a hundred years, and many are only in the 1980s and 1990s, and the most appropriate name for the so-called "orderly circulation" should be "orderly circulation in modern times". Like this bowl is a product of three hundred years ago, dating back less than a hundred years, if there is a clear record of circulation since it was fired in the Kangxi period, this can be called "orderly circulation". Just like a centenarian, after the age of sixty or seventy, there is a record of information such as hukou and other related life experiences, can you figure out the life experience of this old man? (This is a digression, I'll study it later.) ）
Or back to the above fold, this fold is also written very rigorously, to the emperor to report not a little sloppy, the numbers are not bad, for example: the palace treasury found kangxi flawed porcelain 194025 pieces, Yongzheng nian number flawed porcelain 48824 pieces, minus 294 pieces of Jiaoyuan Mingyuan porcelain, 63523 pieces sent to the imperial dining room porcelain, yellow glaze porcelain 30856 pieces, porcelain 649 pieces, blue porcelain rat head bottle 429 pieces, Kangxi Yongzheng year number of the total price of the porcelain is 147098 pieces!
The author uses the calculator to calculate one by one, which is completely consistent!
（194025+48824）-（294+63523+30856+649+429）=147098
These details also reflect that the Ministry of the Interior has also done a lot of meticulous work to deal with the sale of these subcolor official kiln porcelain. This is only the pre-inventory and reporting process, coupled with more complex sales links, the workload is extremely heavy. Therefore, there is the compromise at the beginning of the article: "Today, Qianlong received a communication from the YangxinDian Office on December 12, 2007, which contains the decree of June 23 of this year: This is also one of the reasons why after seven years of Qianlong, the porcelain of the second color and foot goods did not have to be transported to the capital by the people and the people, and Tang Ying was responsible for selling it in Jingdezhen. (Later, we will interpret the detailed evidence of Tang Ying selling official kilns at the Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Factory)
The Qing Palace had a special commercial place that was responsible for regularly disposing of some of the property that was no longer needed in the palace, and this place was chongwenmen.
Chongwen Gate, yuan called the civilization gate, commonly known as "Hade Gate", "Haidai Gate". Chongwen Gate is famous for the Zhenhai Iron Turtle in the Zhenhai Temple on the left side of the Urn City. In addition, the harshness of the Chongwenmen tax customs also makes foreign merchants fearful. （）
Chongwenmen is also called "HadeMen", many people know the "Hademen" brand cigarettes, but do not know the "Hademen" tax collection and sale of court goods, which is also very normal, these things that have nothing to do with most people are not many people to understand, especially this is hundreds of years ago.
The Ministry of Internal Affairs mentioned in the above fold handed over the secondary color porcelain to Chongwen Gate to change the price. Chongwenmen is actually a tax customs, many people doing business in the capital have to go there to pay taxes, so the Qing Palace will also hand over some of the palace property they do not use to Chongwenmen to sell to the people, in order to fill the treasury of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, after all, the royal extremely luxurious life needs a lot of silver to maintain. Because the main people who go to Chongwenmen are businessmen and have money, otherwise the objects used in the court are simply unaffordable for ordinary people, and a large part of them are these official kiln porcelain.
On page 1183 of the fourth volume of the Complete Works of Tang Ying, "Please set the example of the change in the price of subcolor porcelain with du min kilns", it can be seen from the time point in time that in the fourteen years from the beginning of the seventh year of Yongzheng to the seventh year of Qianlong, the Ministry of Internal Affairs has been selling official kiln porcelain in Chongwenmen, some years are more and some are fewer, and sometimes the porcelain that has been backlogged in the warehouse for many years is a huge amount, as is the case with the Qianlong second year listed above.
From the fact that Chongwenmen sells official kiln porcelain, it can be seen that although the palace utensils are generally not used by the people, after all, it is mainly silver to maintain a very luxurious royal life, and it is necessary to sell these large amounts of unused inventory of official kiln porcelain into silver two to maintain a luxurious royal life.
Nearly three hundred years ago, most of these official kiln porcelain bought by the merchants from the court, most of them have no way to verify the direction, due to the long time and historical turmoil, damage and loss should be countless, but many good grades should be well preserved by the merchants, after all, the price of good porcelain at that time was also quite high, some as high as a few silver, equivalent to the ordinary people's salary of one or two years, ordinary pieces for the people are not cheap. Therefore, merchants should buy these "luxury goods" not only for use, but also as an asset investment collection to pass on to future generations is their main purpose.
A hundred years after the sale of official kilns in the Ministry of Internal Affairs (after 1840), China entered a humiliating modern history, with years of war and turmoil, in order to avoid war and thieves, the families of those dignitaries and dignitaries often had to prepare to relocate their families, and many of these valuable collections were also secretly hidden underground by the owners (most of the things hidden by ancient people were cellars), especially porcelain, which was inconvenient to move. After another hundred years of the most humiliating and difficult period of the Chinese nation, it was not until the founding of New China that China ended its history of being bullied and humiliated by the great powers. But one or two hundred years ago, many things were already human, some family histories were broken, some information was not passed on, how many families in China can maintain a complete family tree with a history of more than three hundred years? It took more than half a century for reform and opening up to completely awaken the land that had been sleeping for hundreds of years, and the whole country broke ground and turned the world upside down. Many of the cellars of that year have also been slowly discovered, because many of the cellar kiln porcelain is nearly twenty or thirty years to see the light of day, there is no obvious trace of use and wear, there is no more than one or two hundred years of historical pulp, such porcelain has also suffered some traditional appraisal criticism, especially this kind of flawed official kiln porcelain, it is precisely because of these flaws, often by some experts with "a little negation method" to shoot off.
Dig out the truth and restore history. Especially in our era of information development, false theories and distorted facts are absolutely untenable, and the key is to dare to question and be diligent in research. Lies will be punctured, and the truth will be revealed.