Laixi City, located between Qingyan and Yantai, originally belonged to the jurisdiction of Yantai, and after being assigned to Qingdao, it continued to exist as a county-level city. A few years ago, Laixi and Pingdu City, together with Pingdu City, did not have a strong sense of existence in Qingdao, nor did they enjoy the economic radiation of Qingdao, just like difficult brothers and brothers, basically relying on their own strength, self-planning, and self-development.
However, Laixi is closer to Laiyang in the history of Jiaodong, Laixi is by no means a nameless person today, and its regional influence cannot be underestimated, just to say that Laixi Water Collection was once known as the first largest market in Jiaodong. The Laixi FuShunde Old Building today is the semicolon set up in Qingdao by the largest money house in Yantai that year.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > has experienced vicissitudes, and the century-old building has an extraordinary history</h1>
When it comes to the ancient buildings in Laixi City (formerly Laiyang County), the first to bear the brunt of it is the "Fushunde" located in the old city. This old building, built in 1933, officially named "Fushunde Qianzhuang", is close to a hundred years old and still stands in a dangerous position in the middle of Xinglong Street in Laixi City.
From a distance, the overall style is simple and elegant, with a unique Republican flavor. The whole building has two floors, brick and wood structure, sitting north facing south, green tile roof. In addition to the main building, three main houses and seven east and west wing rooms were built behind the building, which were connected with the building, with a total construction area of 300 square meters, and the whole constituted a courtyard, which was also the classic paradigm of architecture in the Republic of China period.
Fushunde Qianzhuang does not exist suddenly, and has an extremely deep background of origin. Searching shandong financial historical materials, you can find that the name of "Fushunde" is actually a semicolon with a long history of big money, and its headquarters is in Yantai. Qianzhuang runs with the economy, and the reason why he chose to set up a semicolon in Laixi should be related to the first largest market in Jiaodong here.
Fushunde's old building, the reason why it was able to choose a site in the center of Laixi Old Town, his first owner was very powerful, and it can be found that it was Zhao Minghui, a rich man in Laiyang, Yantai. Fushunde was the first two-storey brick and wood building in Laixi, and its original purpose was as the first exchange money house in Shuigou touji at that time, and at its peak the business radiated the entire area of today's Jiaodong.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > uneasy status quo, northeastern laborers to innkeepers</h1>
Speaking of "Fushunde", the story has to start from the period of the Second Opium War.
At that time, the Qing government was decadent and incompetent, and Tsarist Russia was insatiable, forcibly occupying more than 10 million square kilometers of land east of the Ussuri River that originally belonged to China, from the sea to the sea, north of the Heilongjiang River to the Waixing'an Mountains, and including the important sea outlets in the northeast region. Later, Tsarist Russia established a military port in Vladivostok and built a railway in the three eastern provinces, and the rapid expansion of Chinese territory began.
A large number of infrastructure development will inevitably require a large number of laborers, and the Shandong region, which is close to the three eastern provinces, has become the main export place for labor in the construction of the northeast. At that time, the main route for Shandong people to break into the Guandong was from the Jiaodong Peninsula sea road to the Liaodong Peninsula, so Yantai became a must-pass place (there was no Weihai city at that time). According to the historical data of that year, many Shandong people went out through Yantai to seek a living, went to Dalian, Lushun, Manchuria, and went straight to Vladivostok, becoming coolies in the expansion of Tsarist Russia.
Among the Chinese laborers in Vladivostok, there are also smart people who are uneasy about the status quo, this person is called Liang Fu, Zi Shan Tang, is a resident of Laiyang Wandi Town Escort Cliff Village, during the local work, he found that many coolies are alone outside, need clothes, shoes and socks and other daily necessities, so he gave up hard work and became a trader, specializing in selling clothes and other daily necessities from his hometown to the local area. During the business period, he saw that many Chinese workers were shrinking their clothes and food, sending the hard-earned money home to raise old wives and children, the long distance was very inconvenient, the safety was also a problem, and Liang Shantang, who was good at discovering business opportunities, also operated the task of carrying money and letters to the villagers. Because they are all fellow villagers and have a high degree of credibility between them, Liang Shantang never owes money to silver, and important items are delivered in person, so the business is getting better and better.
Over the past few years, Liang Shantang has accumulated a lot of capital, and in the first year of xuanun reunification at the end of the Qing Dynasty (1909), his hometown of Yantai has opened up a commercial port and become a four-way cargo distribution center, and merchants and merchants have gathered endlessly. Liang Shantang had a unique vision and discovered new business opportunities, he chose a site in the middle of Yantai South Avenue, invested 5,000 silver yuan and partnered with people, opened an inn, specializing in receiving foreign merchants for food and accommodation, and also operating groceries.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > keep pace with the times, and the accommodation inn becomes a money exchange house</h1>
At that time, there were many kinds of currencies used in China, the value of the currency was chaotic, in order to facilitate the use of merchants, he also engaged in foreign exchange business in the hotel, initially this business was mainly for the northeast region, the name was called "Fushunde". Initially, it was still mainly accommodation, and also engaged in foreign exchange business, to say that Liang Shantang is well-run, honest and reliable, especially in Yantai commercial port and the northeast region of the fastest development of money and banknote exchange, from which the profit is huge.
Around 1930, Liang Shantang built a new small building in a prominent position on Chaoyang Street in Yantai, directly named "Fushunde" Silver Horn, and the plaque was inscribed by Hua Shikui, a famous calligrapher in Tianjin Wei at that time. The "Fushunde" silver general cabinet set up branches in Yantai, Northeast and Jiaodong, and gradually specialized in the collection of money, the big treasurer was Liang Shantang himself, and the general manager was his son Liang Zifu.
The inn's grocery store became qianzhuang silver number, which was also due to the financial situation in China at that time. For example, Heilongjiang used the current day, Jilin used official silver tickets, Liaoning used Fengtian tickets, Dalian used gold tickets, and entered Yantai, Shandong, recognized the Republic of China foreign money and Qing copper dollars. With this layer of obstacles, the coins of the northeastern provinces cannot circulate in Shandong. Even if the local laborers send money to their hometowns, their relatives get their hard-earned money, and the cost of buying things is not good.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > safe and reliable, "Fushunde" unique way of operation</h1>
In between, Liang Shanchang took a clever approach to solve these problems, he set up many branches in the northeast and Jiaodong, equivalent to today's branches, after the northeast branches received the money, the money bank was converted into the currency system of the receiving place according to the market price of the currency exchange, and then the local currency that could be circulated was sent to the payee.
When it comes to the delivery of money, "Fushunde" has a set of strict operating procedures, and all the money handled is delivered to the specific payee in accordance with the requirements of the entrustment, and the amount of money sent is strictly confidential. The recipient of the entrusted delivery specifies who it is, and can only be handed over to him personally, and nothing else can be received on his behalf, even if the parents, wives and children cannot collect it on his behalf. With these regulations, "Fushunde" has a good reputation in the industry, exchange is safe and reliable, and the business has developed rapidly, and there are more than 60 semicolons and agencies in Shandong Peninsula alone.
It is said that at that time, the "Fushunde" silver number adopted a joint stock operation method, with a total of 12 constituents in the whole share, with the Liang family accounting for 60%, the Xin family and the Zhao family accounting for 20%, and two minority shareholders accounting for 10% each. Laixi's "Fushunde" semicolon, one of the shareholders, Zhao Minghui, was founded in the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933) in Laiyang County Shuiji Town (now Qingdao hosting Laixi Shuiji), which gave birth to today's century-old "Fushunde" old building.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > turbulent situation, "Fushunde" will eventually be difficult to continue</h1>
According to the "Overview of Modern Chinese Architecture", the "Fushunde" in the early twentieth century was very influential in the country, and it is said that at its peak, the total assets reached tens of millions, and the annual income was nearly four million silver dollars, which was a veritable leader in the private financial industry. The semicolon spreads throughout the northeast, not counting, but also Beijing, Tianjin, Jinan, Qingdao, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong and other major cities, and the business is prosperous and consistent.
Good times don't last long. In 1937, the Japanese invaded the territory, which seriously affected the operation of "Fushunde", the business soon shrank, Laixi's semicolon was also poorly managed, the silver number was closed, the building had to be leased to the local use, and the "Shoukang Hospital" and "Puai Hospital" were opened successively.
Among them, the "Shoukang Hospital" run by Jiang Mengjiu, a native of Ganghetou Village, Shuiji Town, also served as an underground contact point, and Jiang Mengjiu, as the main person in charge, covered his identity here in the name of practicing medicine, but actually organized a local anti-Japanese salvation movement and became a bridgehead for the struggle against the enemy in Jiaodong.
In the spring of 1940, the Japanese invaded Jiaodong and occupied Shuiji, they took a fancy to the location and scale of the old building of "Fushunde", occupied it as a headquarters office, and the silver trumpet became the enemy's pocket until the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan.
In August 1945, according to the regulations of the National Government in Nanjing on the acceptance of enemy property, before the war, banks, silver numbers, and money houses that had not been examined and approved by the financial department of the National Government were not allowed to continue to operate, and at the same time, new numbers were not approved to open. "Fushunde" belongs to private exchange, which is not recognized by the Nanjing government, and only approves the resumption of business as a silver trumpet, and is not allowed to operate foreign exchange business.
In January 1948, the Nanjing government changed the "silver number" to "Qianzhuang", and shortly thereafter, the legal tender depreciated, prices soared, and the national financial industry was seriously impacted. After liberation, in accordance with the requirements of national policy, the "Fushunde" Qianzhuang was declared closed in June 1950.
As a national private financial industry, surrounded by the banks of imperialism and bureaucratic capitalism, the "Fushunde" has been able to achieve a great deal of success with long sleeves and dances, and it has endured for half a century, which can be described as a miracle. Although "Fushunde" is gone, the surviving old building of Laixi still stands in the old city of Laixi, witnessing the glorious past of Shandong's national financial industry.
(Original works, copyright belongs to the headline number "Jiao'ao Notes of the Stone Lion", welcome to forward, do not accept porterial plagiarism reprint.) The relevant graphic materials of the article are from Internet public resources, and infringement is deleted)