Republic of China, brushes, manuscripts, these are the selling points of celebrity ink on the auction floor. A recent batch of lots has appeared that includes these elements. The manuscript is bound on ten lines of red column manuscript paper, and in addition to the title and transcription time, the cover has a red seal of "National Central University Guanfang" and a blue seal of "Wu Youxun", and the inner page also has the seal of "Nanjing University Library", which seems to come from the former Central University Library. The content is mainly copied from rare publications, and a private seal of the plutonium has been diffuse, and it is carefully identified as "Li Xiaoyuan".
Li Xiaoyuan manuscript cover
Inside pages of Li Xiaoyuan's manuscript
On October 16, 1962, Gu Jiegang went to Hu Houxuan's office for small talks, and worked together at Qilu University and Fudan University during the two people's republics, and is now the first researcher of the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Hu Houxuan, who had worked at the Institute of History and Language of the Academia Sinica, unconsciously talked about the deceased in Nanjing. After returning home, Mr. Gu's diary is as follows: "To Hu Houxuan's office, naizhi has known that since liberation, there have been four suicides at Nanjing University, Ouyang Yi, Xu Yitang, Luo Genze, and Li Xiaoyuanye. Xiao Yuan has been meticulous all his life, diligently collecting information, and accumulating countless books and newspapers that are not easy to see in the East for Nanda, and in the past five or nine years, he did not know what kind of mistakes he had made, but he had made such a short-sighted opinion? Smell the cards he wrote, have returned to the institute, if you can organize them into a book? ”
Gu Jiegang wrote a letter to Li Xiaoyuan in 1940
The diary talks about several scholars, Ouyang Yi, a professor in the Department of Biology and a former academician of the Academia Sinica, who threw himself into a well in 1954; Xu Yitang, head of the Department of Sociology and an ethnologist, who died in 1953; Li Xiaoyuan, deputy director of the library, who died in 1959; and Luo Genze, a professor at the Department of Chinese, who jumped off a building in 1960.
Mr. Li Xiaoyuan, former librarian of Jinling University, has long been forgotten by the world. Once, a student majoring in modern Chinese history at NTU, when consulting the republic of China periodicals in the library, found that many of the covers had the "Li Xiaoyuan" book chapter on it. At that time, he didn't pay much attention to it, thinking that it was collected from the old bookstore. Later, I saw that there were many books with the same collection of chapters, and I went to the Internet to check it, "only to learn that Mr. Li was originally our old curator."
Li Xiaoyuanyin
Li Xiaoyuan has a posthumous manuscript "Autobiography", written about the end of 1954 or early 1955, which is very brief and full of the atmosphere of the times, and can be excerpted to narrate the life of Mr. Li. Born in 1897, Li Xiaoyuan "went to private school at an early age and received a lot of feudal influence"; later entered "Jinling Middle School attached to primary school, then entered middle school, entered university, and more than ten years of imperialist slavery education"; "After returning to China, he was responsible for the cataloguing of Western books in the Jinda Library, teaching library courses, not knowing the situation of the country, but he fell into the abyss of imperialism"; finally concluded, "Twenty-six years before and after Jinda's service, plus Jinda's study, studying in the United States, how can you not cultivate the concept of pro-American and admiring beauty?" The liberation of the whole country began on October 1, 1949, and our liberation began only after the merger of Jinda and Jinnuda."
Young Li Xiaoyuan
The "Autobiography" is from the "Li Xiaoyuan Memorial Anthology", which originated from the "Mr. Li Xiaoyuan Academic Seminar" held by Nanda in 1986. This is the first personal commemorative collection officially published by the library academic community after 1949, although it has been "corrected", but the editor recalls that "at the beginning of the initiative and implementation of that year, courage and wisdom were still needed" Nanjing University has a heart, after the first edition in 1988, an updated edition was published in 2008. Among them, there is the "Annals of Li Xiaoyuan", which is recorded as follows: "On December 26, 1959, Mr. Li died unfortunately at the age of sixty-two", the language is unknown; the "Li Xiaoyuan Commemorative Anthology" collects a wide range of reminiscence articles, and the narrative is repetitive, although it is a common disease of the "commemorative anthology", but well-known people such as the old friend Lü Shuxiang (and inscribed the title of the book), the student Qian Cunxun, the colleague Wang Shengzu, the disciple Sun Wang, the descendant Xu Yan, etc., are mainly to review Mr. Li's early experience, and there is not much mention in his later years, let alone the reason for his death.
Li Xiaoyuan Memorial Anthology, 1988 edition
Mr. Li's eldest son, Li Yongtai, mentioned it slightly: "On the night of his death, it was more than nine o'clock, and he still dragged his heavy steps to make one last inspection in the school library. When young people met him, they thought it was still the usual search, who knew that it was saying goodbye to his beloved library, to his career, to the people. Another Zhu Zhenghua, mr. Li's nephew, wrote when recalling his uncle: "I often think: Even if someone like my uncle doesn't go that year, he will certainly not be able to escape the back pass, but he will have left a few years earlier... O uncle! Why did you give up so abruptly, so resolutely, that your sons and nephews are still dazed and miserable! ”
Judging from the words of relatives, the information provided by Gu Jiegang's Diary is more accurate. The same is true of Professor Luo Genze mentioned earlier, Jiangsu People's Publishing House published "Luo Genze Wencun" in 2012, the preface reads: Luo Genze "suddenly suffered from cerebral hemorrhage, and finally died on the evening of March 30, at the age of 60" due to ineffective rescue. On April 4, 1960, Gu Jiegang recorded: "Returning to receive the fierce report from Luo Yuting, Qu had died in the Drum Tower Hospital on March 31, and His friends were weaker and weaker, and they were even more sad. On April 14, 1960, the cause of death was confirmed: "From Zhenxin, Siluo Yuting was too sick to suffer, and the hospital could not treat it, and committed suicide by jumping off a building at the end of last month." Pathetic! ”
Mr. Li Xiaoyuan passed away on December 26, 1959. In the first half of 1958, the whole country launched the "Campaign to Confide in the Party", and Li Xiaoyuan also wrote nearly a hundred "small character newspapers" at that time, which were extremely rich in content. Mr. Sincere attitude, has something to say, shows the true color of simplicity and frankness. The "small character newspaper" part is stored in the archives of Nanjing University, and the "Li Xiaoyuan Memorial Anthology" is included, from which it can be read that Mr. Li was alive.
Regarding the post-founding movement, first of all, Mr. Li's statement is inappropriate, such as "The movement has come one after another, and the party's demands are too high and too urgent." "Since we should be allowed to abandon the bad things and waters far away, why do we often have to dig up and rekindle the ashes of the dead"; "I say to a person who has not corresponded for many years: Now it is 'six relatives who don't recognize'". Speaking of the landlords, "There are those who come from thrifty families and there are feudal bullies who should struggle in a differentiated manner, and ordinary landlords should not be allowed to take charge of feudal responsibilities for two thousand years."; When it comes to the rightists, "When it comes to the anti-rightist struggle, I think it is only a matter of speech, the people's power is so great that we are not afraid of him, give them proper criticism, do not have to fight him like that, or isolate them to educate everyone." Occasional statements are either scratched by the itch of a boot, such as "It was not long before the anti-Rightist movement realized that the People's Daily's June 8 editorial was appropriate and saved many people in time, and without this editorial, there would be more Rightists"; or it was full of comicalness, such as "When the Rightist attack on the Party is very obvious, do not put down the big character newspaper to show our opposition." However, from the perspective of data collection, it is not necessarily correct not to photograph the big character newspaper."
Talking about the old friends, the two are similar in age and have similar experiences, and may have known each other during their stay in the United States. Wen greatly appreciated Li, and had twice invited him to work together (Wuhan University and Tsinghua University), and Li Xiaoyuan thanked li xiaoyuan twice because of his early experience in the library of Northeastern University, "his perception was not good, and bureaucratic politics dominated the school" and "he did not want to work at the national university". After that, Li Xiaoyuan served as the editor-in-chief of the "Jinling Journal" for a long time, and repeatedly asked Wen Yiduo for a draft, and in April 1940, he received a draft of Wen Yiduo's "Saying Silk", which was published in the eleventh volume of the "Jinling Journal" that year. Mr. Wen said in the "small character newspaper": "Wen Yiduo was sniped by secret agents in Kunming, very resentful, and held a memorial service in Chengdu, and there were many links in the meeting. There were so many enthusiastic speeches that many people could not cry. Although I was friends with him, I did not express anything, and I said that these people did not recognize him, so why did they cry like the people were mourning. ”
Journal of Jinling
As for Luo Longji, who had collapsed, Li Xiaoyuan made a plain recollection: "I recognized Luo Longji in New York in March and April 1925, because he knew that I was engaged in a bibliography about China and asked me to make a 'bibliography about the Opium War' for him. I went to the New York Public Library and copied it up for him, and gave it to him the day before I left New York. What this 'bibliography' is, there is no whereabouts. He has never been in touch since his return. After liberation, he saw that he was active in the newspapers and thought he was too spirited. I wanted to correspond with him, but I didn't get through it. When he was in New York, he was known only as a petty politician and never interacted. In this anti-rightist struggle, he was a big rightist, but fortunately he never had contact with him. ”
In term Chinese s of personnel relations, Li Xiaoyuan was full of respect for Hu Xiaoshi, one of the "three elders" of NTU and then the director of the NTU Library, "Director Hu is our curator, and I support it from the bottom of my heart. He was old and knowledgeable, which helped me shallow. In terms of jinshi, he has a deep research. In terms of sinology, I still have some instructions... In short, it is beneficial to our library." And the young man in the library did not understand, thinking that he should not be named when he did not go to the library, "I think this is very incorrect... It will not arouse the disgust of Director Hu, and then the loss will be the library."
Hu Xiaoshi
As for other colleagues, Mr. Li is not without words. Mr. Li Fangxun, a chemist also from Jinling University, was appointed vice president of NTU in 1952. Li Fangxun's professional quality is extremely high, and he was elected as a member of the Faculty of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955, but he did not get along well with Li Xiaoyuan, "No matter what happens, I am willing to find other principals to solve it, I am willing to wait a day or two late, wait for other principals to solve, I am not willing to visit President Li"; old colleague Wan Guoding commented that Li Xiaoyuan is square in doing things, and it seems worth it. For example, when President Li mobilized the Merger of Jin Dajin Women's University, he said that the new school was a hundred times better than the old school, but the lawn of Xiaofanqiao (that is, the South Garden of Nanjing University) was gone, the original flowers and plants were gone, President Li did not count when he spoke, and Li Xiaoyuan was a little unhappy.
Li Fangxun
In 1954, a comrade Yan Zhongyi was appointed by the party committee of the school to assist Li Xiaoyuan in presiding over the daily work of the library. Comrade Yan was born in the Department of Political Science and Education of East China Military and Political University, and although he was only in his early thirties, he had nearly ten years of party experience and served as the propaganda director of the Nanjing Municipal Party Committee. Mr. Li mentioned the problem of "having office and no power" and broke the window paper that "asked for money or not, but party members wanted to go to" and "from now on, all personnel problems and funding problems should be taken care of." However, Yan Zhongyi is not an ultra-left fanatic, Mr. Li made a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the two, "My relationship with Secretary Yan is: 90%-95% is a good cooperation between the two, and the remaining 5%-10% is due to the poor connection of the uncommunication." Time can be combined." Mr. Yan later became a scholar and published a number of library papers in the 1980s.
Li Xiaoyuan values nothing more than the library collection. There was a collection of "First Letters of Heavenly Studies", and he not only clearly remembered the number (twenty-one kinds of thirty-two volumes), but also said that it was circulated (purchased by the Institute of Culture, and then transferred to the Great Library), and he was angry about the aftermath. It turned out that in 1934, when Fu Kaisen donated a collection to Jinling University, he wrote to this book, and the president at the time, Chen Yuguang, was a researcher of organic chemistry, had a flexible mind, and used "stealing chickens and also asking for a handful of rice" to persuade Mr. Li to borrow the book, but unfortunately it has not been returned. It is said that Fu Kaisen was the founder of Hui Wen College (merged with Hongyu College in 1910 to form Jinling University), and he has long served as a director of the board of directors of Jinda University, and has donated all his personal collections, Mr. Li still remembers this set of books after twenty-four years, after the change of dynasty and the change of school name, which can indeed be called the evaluation of the old president Kuang Yaming for his "cherishing books as fate, loving the museum as home".
Fukaisen
Nanjing Normal University, which is preparing for the 115th anniversary of the school, is based on the Normal College of Nanjing University and the Department of Education of Jinling University. The art department of Nanshi University very much wants to take the art books from the Nanda Library, which annoys Li Xiaoyuan, who said: "It is an international practice that art books are not lent out of the library. For seven or eight years, if (the Southern Division) concentrated on the consistent search and purchase, it would not be difficult to replenish. We opened a reading room for teachers, and they were welcome to come, but they didn't come. Borrowing is not still individualism; there is a reading room without looking, or individualism; not making a plan to purchase, specifically shouting to others, what is this style! Mr. Li really treats the school property as a private property, and he is angry and does not fake the color, and even "it is not good to sit outside in a meeting."
The Nanjing Museum is even less selling. In 1952, President Zeng Zhaoyi borrowed cultural relics from Nanda and declared that "this was greeted by Ke Qingshi", but more than a year later, Nanbo had no intention of returning them, and "the borrowed things, the photos of the images, and the imitations of the imitations were not mentioned to our museum." Li Xiaoyuan could not sit still, just in time for the adjustment of the department, he submitted the loan of the museum to the "Founding Cultural Relics Book Sorting Committee", and repeatedly called to return, still invalid. In 1953, Zeng Zhaoyi came to the Nanda Library, and he proposed to return it. Zeng was very strong, and only said that he would ask "Sun Shuping (then party secretary and vice president) to come and ask for it." After Zeng left, Mr. Li was greatly angered, saying that "this is power, there is no justice", "this is the ideological style of Zeng Guofan". But so what? All Mr. Li could do was "I will not go to the museum again." No matter how strong he was, he was no more than "a high-talented short-lived person who is sorry, and the white wall fly can be a pity", and committed suicide by jumping off the tower at the Linggu Temple in Nanjing in 1964.
Zeng Zhaoyi and Zeng Zhaoyi are brothers and sisters
The Southern Tang Dynasty painter Wang Qihan's "Ear Picking Map" (also known as "Survey Map"), donated by Fu Kaisen, can be regarded as the treasure of the Nanda Library, and this cultural relic alone, Mr. Li wrote four "small character newspapers". Some of them are still old, for example, in the "Three Antis Movement", is it necessary to exhibit "Ear Picking" on display? Who is responsible in case of a breakdown? In 1958, the Nanjing Museum took calligraphy and paintings to the Shanghai Museum to hold an exhibition, and came to Nanda to borrow "Ear Picking". A museum staff member said that he was an expert in calligraphy and painting and knew how to keep it, and Mr. Li said that we could not send anyone and did not allow it. The staff member said, what you are worried about, are you afraid of its "squeamishness"? If you can't do it, he can contact the party committee. Finally, at the insistence of Mr. Li, "Ear Picking Diagram" was sent by taking a photo enlargement method. Upon receipt, the staff member wrote a letter and returned the copy to the school party committee. Who is this staff member? The lack of naming in the "small character newspaper" does not conform to Mr. Li's style, and may be hidden by the editor. Mr. Li finally commented on him, "worthy of being the son of the general", combined with the previous words and deeds, it seems that the beginning is not small. Mr. Li knows very well that the matter of "Picking Ears" has made him a "big tree that beckons the wind", "now it is blowing four or five winds, and in the future it will be blowing eight winds, and it must be possible to get the name into the newspaper", but the "Ear Picking Map" is a national treasure, it is "squeamish", and it should be taken care of, "only worthy of the six hundred million people".
"Ear Picking Diagram"
After Li Xiaoyuan's death, Nanjing University held a memorial service for Mr. Hu Xiaoshi, Director Hu Xiaoshi delivered a eulogy, President Guo Yingqiu attended and spoke, and the nanda deceased in the 1950s was not thin. As mentioned above, after Professor Ouyang Yi committed suicide, according to Nanda Wang Juefei's recollection, after the accident, the school leaders were worried that they would be reprimanded by their superiors for failing to implement the party's intellectual policy, so they took the initiative to review it, and "burst into tears and panicked", while Ke Qingshi, the secretary of the municipal party committee at the time, lost his temper and said that "it should be dead", "demonstration", and "should be criticized". The spirit of the school leaders was immediately relaxed, and when conveyed, they said, "This is a manifestation of not being responsible for himself and not being responsible for the people." However, this was almost a family statement, and Ouyang Yi was not criticized after his death, and a funeral committee composed of fifty-one professors was set up, and a pamphlet entitled "Tribute to Professor Ouyang Yi" was published. The report of the Propaganda Department of the East China Bureau forwarding the report of comrades Sun Shuping and Chen Yiren of Nanjing University on the suicide of Professor Ouyang Yi of the Biology Department of the University is also very rational: "This incident reflects that some old professors are deeply influenced by the old social thoughts and their feelings are very fragile, so that once they encounter certain unexpected things, they are prone to pessimism and despair." In the future, the Greek institutions of higher learning will be particularly vigilant, strengthen the unity and political and ideological education of the old professors, pay more attention to their work and life, and prevent the occurrence of similar incidents. ”
Tomb of Ouyang Yi
The "Li Xiaoyuan Memorial Anthology" also photocopied Mr. Li's will, which was written on the eve of his death. In addition to explaining family affairs and instructing his children, with regard to his own books, Mr. Li made the following arrangements: "All the books are donated to the library, and some of them are not returned to the family as the living materials of his wife"; "The manuscripts I have compiled and the catalog of Western Literature on China, I hope that the library will keep them well, and if someone can compile them, they can expand the compilation and donate everything to the people."
The descendants faithfully fulfilled the last wish of the husband. In January 1960, Li Yongtai and Li Yonghui donated nearly 30,000 copies of their father's Chinese and foreign books and periodicals to the library of Nanjing University; in February 1961, Li Yongtai donated more than 100,000 cards and card cabinets (a total of 36 boxes) of Westerners on China to the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and Gu Jiegang's diary mentioned that "the cards he wrote have returned to the Institute"; in the same year, Li Yonghui donated the folding fans, inscriptions, and posters left by his ancestors to the Fine Arts Department of Nanjing Normal University; in 1963, Li Yongtai donated more than ten kilograms of manuscripts to the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
Figure 13 Li Xiaoyuan's will
In the early morning of November 2, 2002, Mr. Xue Bing was visiting a used book stall on Nanwangfu Street in Nanjing, and saw a copy of "A Brief Catalogue of Books and Periodicals Donated by Mr. Li Xiaoyuan", and Mr. Xue "glanced at it, that is, he knew that it was a rare material, and once he missed the opportunity to see it again, he was anxious to negotiate with him." This is the original catalogue registered by the NTU Library when it received Lee's collection, and was compiled by Shi Tingyong. The Compendium not only lists the types and quantities of books, but also lists the title, editor, publication time, publisher, and other information of each book, and indicates the valuation. The Compendium also lists a broad category of "those who have not been included in the catalogue to be selected", including slides, card catalogues, manuscripts (mostly librarianship lectures), and transcripts. The compilers believe that these materials are "scattered and varied, and its contents, in connection with the study and research of library operations, have any reference value, which must be reviewed in detail and cannot be determined in a hurry." And these manuscripts and cards are mr. Li Xiaoyuan's unfinished business in his life, hoping that the library will "keep it well" and "expand the compilation", but he did not expect that in less than a year, even whether there is reference value has become a problem.
What does Mr. Lee look like? In the eyes of the younger generations, from the appearance, he has never been seen wearing a suit, before the liberation was always a long shirt, robes, after the liberation is a Zhongshan suit, and never heard him talk about "YES" and "NO". He returned from studying abroad and shipped back a large number of cards, but what he gave to his father-in-law and mother-in-law was a handful of red-lacquered Chinese chopsticks bought in the United States. He hates pulling and pulling, and relatives and friends who do things like "asking for errands", "guaranteeing", and "being a middle man" dare not go to him, for fear of touching nails. He had emotions, he was at a loss for the configuration of "three librarians and one secretary (one country and three dukes)"; the field he was familiar with suddenly became unfamiliar, and folklore materials such as "Cai Fei Lu" actually became yellow books; he was estranged from the outside world, and when he was ideologically reformed, he first heard the "united front", "thought it was a military organ, went to a meeting in the afternoon, told his family at lunch, and may not come back tonight"; to the fashionable slogan "Thick the present and thin ancient", he said that "the result will be forgotten for the ancestors", In March 1957, the leader moved, and the scope of subscriptions to the Reference News expanded, and he began to subscribe, "but it made the thinking more confused, and quickly stopped reading"; as for the unpredictable Soviet politicians such as Molotov and Bulganin, "suddenly one day can no longer see his name", he can only say "I don't understand".
But he still had passion and was still willing to make a voice, and when he was elected as the first member of the Nanjing Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in 1955, he put forward the motions of "protecting the nanjing city wall" and "protecting the cliff carvings of Nanjing Qixia Mountain"; under the remarks of "looking at library work, it is not necessary to learn, anyone can do it", in 1956, at the National Conference on University Libraries held by the Ministry of Higher Education, he still repeatedly stated that "university libraries should be academic institutions", which is the insight of a scholar.
Middle-aged Li Xiaoyuan
Such a simple, duanfang, gengjie scholar, posterity respected his last wishes, and the ashes were scattered into the Yellow Sea. Later, his ashes and the ashes of his wife Zhu Shuzhen were buried together in the Pujue Temple in the southern suburbs of Nanjing, "Wuyuan Yuqingtang Li Cemetery".