The ancient civil servant retirement system appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, formed in the Han Dynasty, developed during the Tang Dynasty, and perfected in the Song, Yuan, and Qing Dynasties. The retirement of ancient Chinese officials, also known as "Zhi Shi" and "Zhi Zheng", is very elegant. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that the word "retirement" was first used by people.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > what was the retirement age of ancient officials? </h1>
As we all know, the retirement age for civil servants is now 60 years for men and 55 years for women. So, how old did ancient officials retire?
In this regard, each dynasty and generation has different regulations. According to the records of etiquette, during the Zhou Dynasty, the doctor could retire at the age of 70, which can be called a lifelong system according to the life expectancy at that time. This system has always been used, and it was only during the Ming Dynasty that the ancient system was broken and became a civil and military official who retired at the age of 60. During the Qing Dynasty, on the basis of retaining the Ming Dynasty system, the retirement age of officials below the rank of staff was adjusted to 54-46 years old, and the retirement age of low-level military attachés was greatly advanced, and the smaller the official, the earlier he retired.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > how much was the pension of ancient officials? </h1>
Successive dynasties attached great importance to retirement benefits. In terms of political treatment, according to the records of etiquette, during the Zhou Dynasty, Qing Dafu retired as "Guo Lao", and general officials retired as "Shu Lao". During the Wei and Jin dynasties, after retirement, officials were given advisory jobs. During the Tang Dynasty, a farewell ceremony was held for retired officials to be sent back to their hometowns, and more than three officials still participated in politics and deliberations after retirement.
During the Song Dynasty, officials were allowed to be promoted to the first rank upon retirement. During the Ming Dynasty, it was allowed to participate in various banquets and sacrifices at the original rank, and some officials were allowed to be promoted to the first to second level to retire. In terms of economic treatment, although there is no current five insurances and one gold, each dynasty and generation have their own way of paying pensions.
During the Han Dynasty, officials were allowed to receive one-third of the original fenglu pension when they retired. During the Tang Dynasty, officials did not have a pension, but they could get a certain amount of land to retire. The Song Dynasty followed the Tang system, which was later adjusted to pay half of the original Pension. During the Ming Dynasty, pensions were generally not paid, and appropriate subsidies were given to officials who were in real difficulty. The Qing Dynasty basically followed the Ming Dynasty system.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > it can be seen that although the retirement systems of successive dynasties have varied, they have two things in common:</h1>
First, compared with the average life expectancy, the retirement age is relatively late, basically living to the old age, working until the old.
Second, the political treatment after retirement is greater than the economic treatment, and in order to truly maintain the quality of life when in power, it is more dependent on the savings during the reign, and the subsidy after retirement is very small.
Therefore, compared with today's retirement system, as a retiree of a public institution, it can be said that it is very happy. On the one hand, the contribution base greatly exceeds that of corporate retirees and farmers, and on the other hand, the growth rate is far greater than that of the other two types of retirees. We take the retirees in Shanghai who are over 65 years old, have 30 years of service, and the retirement pension in 2019 is 6,000 yuan as an example, then the increase in the pension of the retired personnel is: 75 + 20 + 6000 * 2.3% + 1.5 * 30 = 278 yuan, while the increase in the pension of the personnel of organs and institutions is: 75 + 20 + 6000 * 3.5% = 305 yuan, the difference between the two is 27 yuan, 9.7% higher than the enterprise personnel. Compared with peasant friends, the increase is even higher.
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