<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" > Xia Jianwei</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > No. 997</h1>
Mourning poems, generally refer to poets mourning the poems of deceased relatives and friends, and in ancient Chinese poetry literature, mourning poems are used to mourn the deceased wife of the special genre, the Western Jin Dynasty literary scholar Pan Yue three mourning of the deceased wife poems, became the founding work; there is no lack of imitators in the past, and has become a theme, after more than a thousand years of expansion, the lyrical emotions and personnel of the mourning poems are richer and more profound, which not only reflects the inheritance of Chinese poetry, but also reflects the inherent changes and development of poetry, and provides a clue for us to understand the poet's psychology and his family.
Shi Yanzhang (1618-1683), a native of Xuancheng, Anhui, also known as Shangbai, Yushan, Also known as Oyster Zhai, late trumpet, famous poet of the early Qing Dynasty; the poem is on a par with the Song Dynasty of Laiyang, Shandong, as "Southern Shi Northern Song", and also into the list of "Seven Sons of Yantai" and "Six Greats of the Early Qing Dynasty", and his poetry number is "Xuancheng Style". He is the author of the 50 volumes of the Xueyutang Poetry Collection, the 28 volumes of the Xueyutang Anthology, and the works of "The Poetry of The Dragon Zhai", "Miscellaneous Records of the Matrix Zhai", "Yanlin Shiyi", "The Ice Yuan of the Trial Courtyard" and so on.
Academics have always attached great importance to the study of Shi Yanzhang and his poetry, and the results have been very rich; but for Shi Yanzhang's family, there are few results, and this article tries to use his "mourning poem" as an excuse to talk about the marriage and family situation of this famous poet and pay attention to his life.
On September 21 of the eleventh year of Shunzhi (1654), Shi Yanzhang's wife Mei Shi died of illness at the Xuancheng home at the age of 36, and Shi Yanzhang was not by his wife's side at the time, and he could not say goodbye to her, so Shi Yanzhang was heartbroken. "Mourning for the Dead Room Plum Pleasant" Cloud:
Pan-general march road, line of resignation. Zhizi Ji Gao Tang, Bin Yu Lin Chang Qu. Looking back at the household, Gu Wangli hesitated. In the past, the female was cooked, and now it is also returned to Huang Yuan. What a benefit to Jia Jia, Di Jia Liang has already been killed. Swift merchants raise the curtain, and the snow is obscured in the corner. The garden tree has nesting birds, who are not talking about it. The slight fang is easy to drift, and the wound is casual.
Two
There is no resentment, and the same is not the same. Troubled and drowned, worried about the middle intestine. Qiu Er greets the descendants, and the silk is still clean. The children are in Chongquan, and the mother and child are separated for a long time. The dead will gather, and the living will never come together. I dreamed all night, laughing and choking. The color is more than ordinary, and it is more than a pleasant cut. The deceased will be lifeless, and the worries will be dropped out. [1]
Leap Chapter is the best at five-word ancient poetry, "one chant and three sighs", interpreting the feelings for the deceased wife deeply, Mei Shi has no children, and what is the reason for Yushan to repeatedly mourn the deceased wife? Combined with the clues provided in the poem, in the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), Shi Yanzhang married the daughter of Mei Zhixuan (Zi Qiyuan), who was the same age as Yushan, the daughter of the Mei clan of Xuancheng Shuidong, and a descendant of Mei Ji, a courtier of the Song Dynasty, and passed down to Mei Zhixuan in the Qing Dynasty.
The Mei and Shi families married each other more frequently in the Qing Dynasty, and the daughter of Shi Yu (Shi Yanzhang's uncle) married Mei Zhixuan's nephew Mei Qisheng and began the "marriage of the world".
The Annals of Yushan say: "There are four mourning poems[[of Yushan]",[2] but only two mourning poems are recorded in the Xueyutang Poetry Collection; the other two poems, for some reason, are not published in the collection of poems. The previous year, Yushan's grandmother died, and now she is widowed, and her political future is uncertain, and the poet is troubled in his heart. Poetry is limited by words, feelings have not yet been vividly expressed, Shi Yanzhang also wrote "Sacrifice to the Dead Wife Mei An Humanities":
The deceased wife Mei'an died in the moon, Shi Zi will march north, lay the foundation of wine, cry for the text, write my mourning, and do it with determination. Its words are:
Yuhu! Erfeng is not wronged; Erfeng is in virtue, and he thinks so. The domain is heavy in the disease, and the promotion is in the year. Yu Hu was hurt, but he did not have time to see his uncle, and when he talked about the first Tai'an people, he did not taste a drooling. The family is poor, the hairpin is out of no difficulty, Er is reticent, Yu Fu is sick, he does not return for several months, and he is not very cute, if he stays in a rebellious traveler, Yu tastes that er has no Joy, and his heart is also private. One male and one child, the difference is strong, the child is fruitful, especially not like the martyr, and all are killed. Wu III passed on alone, Er was several years old, Ling Ding was lonely, and Er Ong tried to persuade Na Yan. Yu Chengju was raised in the township, and wanted to take a concubine for personal gain, and Erzhi said: "If a concubine has a son, will he not be more than a concubine?" Yu was hesitant to say anything. Later years later, there was a side chamber, Er was not jealous, and his son was loved, and the disease was cured, and then Yizhi Erxianya.
When Er first lost his son, he became a chronic disease and was cured for a long time. I and my brother Ke Shanyin, dreaming of a woman saying goodbye, not going to worship and leaving, familiar with her people do not know each other; and the body is leisurely, cloud clothes and feathers, the first mother's actual guidance, and the hand draws her bun on the hairpin, and gives a certain name: "This female hairpin has a broken mark, but The beautiful jade is also good to hide." Yu Jue sighed: "So the hairpin is about to be hairy, the smoke is interrupted, my wife is not eternal, and her clothing is not human?" "If the moon is more than a month and the death is gone, is it different from the people?
Yu Gengyin was sick and angry, and the wives did not dare to come near, and Er's death alone had to be separated, and Er's illness was healed, and he could not be with the trick, which was the thinness of the rest of the retribution. The glory of the funeral of Er Er, the first Tai'an person Shang Fu Also. It hurts! [3]
Shi Yanzhang's sacrifice text further describes his marriage and life, yushan and his wife Mei Shi married, once gave birth to a daughter and a son, when the Qing army was moving south, Xuancheng panicked, Shi Yanzhang's family fled to the Huayang Mountains 70 miles south of Xuancheng to take refuge, this place is the junction of Xuancheng, Ningguo, Jing County, Jingde County. At that time, a pair of Shi Yanzhang's children were sick at a young age, and with the elderly and frail grandmother, life was very difficult.
Then even greater misfortune struck, one of his sons and daughters died of illness, and Mei Shi lost her children, and the blow was so great that she "became a chronic disease and could not be cured for a long time." After that, Mei Shi could not get pregnant, and in the traditional society of "no filial piety has three, no queen is greater", she has to bear a lot of pressure. Mei Shi was inconvenient to open his mouth, but through his father, he asked him to persuade his son-in-law Shi Yanzhang to "Na Yan". At least in Shi Yanzhang's pen, his wife Mei Shi is reasonable and makes greater concessions, and Mei Shi is indeed a respectable woman.
In Shi Yanzhang's concept, there are three kinds of psychology that are very firm and unswerving throughout their lives. The first is the inheritance of Zude, including Zu Shang's teaching career, which is his "spiritual driving force", and there are many commentators. The second is induction. At the critical moment, some people and things appear in the dreams of Yushan, indicating that what has been arranged in the underworld cannot be changed; so obey the will of Heaven without remorse. The death of his wife's illness has been revealed in previous dreams, "So the haircut is also about to be interrupted, and my wife is not forever," the grandmother who has passed away first, Wu Taiyi, guided Mei Shi, from the point of view of dress, has ascended to the Immortal Realm, and everything is worth it. It is reasonable to follow the arrangement of heaven, so that the guilt in Shi Yanzhang's heart will naturally be alleviated, and he will be comforted, accept the facts, and no longer complain, which is Yushan's way of doing things. The third is the results. As a Confucian, Yushan believes that human nature is inherently good. "The house of good will have a remnant of celebration; and the house of the unkind will have a remnant of disaster." From his own experience and his family's experience, he was even more convinced.
In the sixth year of Shunzhi, the 192nd jinshi of the third class in the Shi Yanzhang, Xia returned to his home for recuperation due to illness, which lasted more than a year, and he was on the verge of death many times, and then turned the crisis into safety. [4] Especially at the time of the Ding Revolution, the rule of the Qing government had not yet been consolidated, policies changed, people's hearts were unstable, and the road of eunuchs was even more difficult. Then "Lide and do good" is a good medicine for killing Ji. Shi Yanzhang is a human official and often follows this law. This is a traditional Confucian philosophy of doing things.
Of course, Yushan's feelings for his wife did not dissipate because of time, but on the contrary, they were repeatedly strengthened. Seventeen years after Mei's death (1670), Yushan buried his coffin on the side of the tomb of his grandmother in Yuliangshan, south of the city, and wrote "The Tomb of Mei Yiren, the Book of the Dead Wife":
Pleasant Mei clan, home on the creek of Shuidong, commonly known as "Xitou Mei clan", the father of the virgin public zhixuan, the mother of Wu, are all virtuous. Born on December 26, 2017, Yiren was the same age as Shi Zi, returned seventeen years later, and Shi Zi died on September 21, and died on September 21, Shunzhi Jia Died, and was buried in the west of Sungai Former Residence. In the ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, gengshu winter in November, he was buried on the side of the tomb of the first Tai yiren in the southern jade onion mountain of Zhu County, and the cover was seventeen years after his death.
Jun is a hostage, Andrahan laughs. Yu read outside, tasted for several months and did not return, Jun exhausted the makeup and hammer to buy books for Yu, did not taste sullen. The neighbors are poor and unsuspecting, begging for millet and millet, begging for cloth and cloth. Having a daughter and a son, all are wise and dead, and sorrow becomes a disease, and the death is considered to be death. However, the concubines have a kind gift, sit up and eat and drink together, and if they match each other, they are not suspected. If he regards his son as his own belly, the sickness is caressed, and he lies on the pillow. All the women inside and outside sighed and thought it was beyond reach.
There are seven Chinese New Year's Eve, and Gai is seen in the general register and not subordinate to the official. Now that he has been blessed by Qin En, he has a crown and a veil, a bener spring soil, and a king who still knows evil? When the king first entered, he was sad not to catch his ancestors, and his words were drooling. Now It is too pleasant to be in the first place, and the sacrifice is from the Feast, and it is close to the Ru family, so Ru Zhiye. At first, he wanted to be buried here with His mother Wu Taijun, but the Brothers of Ru bought land and buried it instead of burying it. Mourning ru is childless, so the book and the table on the tomb. [5]
In terms of content, this article is basically the same as seventeen years ago, and Yushan strives to do his duty to comfort the "Mei Yiren" under the spring (compared to the "Mei'an people" seventeen years ago). Mei Shi is "a thick hostage, a smile of Nenehan", supports her husband, and has no complaints; she is kind-hearted, poor and charitable; she is generous and kind to concubines. And the day does not leave the year, "there are seven Chinese New Year's Eve, and gai sees the general registration and is not as subordinate to the official. Now that he has been blessed by Qin En, he has a crown and a veil, a bener spring soil, and a king who still knows evil? "Now that The Ancestor is too pleasant, the sacrifice is from the Feast, and it is close to the Ru family, so Ru Zhiye." If it can be done, Yushan has tried his best to do it.
It is gratifying that both of Yushan's sons are married. Eldest son Shi Yanchun (1648—?) ), from the stepmother Lee clan; second son Shi Yanke (1655-?) ), from the side chamber of the Jiang clan, unfortunately there are few records about the Li clan and the Chiang clan. Although none of them were Mei's own children, Yushan believed that Meishi must be very happy about this, which was also her wish before she died.
bibliography:
[1] Shi Yanzhang's Collected Poems of Xueyutang, Vol. IV.
[2] The Annals of Mr. Yushan, Vol. 1.
[3] Shi Yanzhang's Collected Works of Xueyutang, vol. XIX.
[4] The Annals of Mr. Yushan, Vol. 1.
[5] Shi Yanzhang's Collected Works of Xueyutang, vol. XXII.
(The author is an associate professor at the School of Grammar and Law of Hefei University of Technology, and a director of xuancheng History and Culture Research Association)
Production: Tong Daqing.