"The Biography of the Painter" ~ Part 13
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the ancestor of the Pure Land Sect, Huiyuan Monk, who believes that the basic positions of the three schools of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism are the same! </h1>
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Master Huiyuan (334–416), commonly known as Jia, was a high-ranking monk during the Eastern Jin Dynasty of China, a native of Loufu County, Yanmen County (present-day Ruyue Village, Dafang Township, Pingfang Township, Yuanyuan, Shanxi).
Huiyuan, commonly known as Jia, was born into a family of scholars and eunuchs. From an early age, he was intelligent and diligent, and he was not comparable to ordinary children. At the age of thirteen, he was a student of all generations, and accompanied his uncle Ling Hushi to study in Xuchang, Luoyang and other places, and read a large number of Confucian and Taoist classics.
Emperor Yonghe of Jin Mu was ten years old, when Hui Yuan was twenty-one years old, still in the secular world as a Confucian, the Western Jin Dynasty after the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings", Wuhu moved south, forcing Sima Rui to move across the jiangnan and establish the Eastern Jin Dynasty, China entered the "Five Hu Chaos China" period, social turmoil, Hui Yuan had to make plans to escape the world, he prepared to cross the Jiangdong, from learning from Fan Xuanzi, who lived in seclusion in Yuzhang. However, at this time, the Central Plains fell into great chaos again, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was in the Northern Expedition, and the Southern Road was blocked, so that Hui Yuan could not go south as he wished.
At that time, Dao'anLi Monastery was located in Taihang Hengshan to promote Buddhism. Dao'an, born in Xiang Mendi, his parents died early, and he lived by his brother since he was a child, because of his deep learning, his views on Buddhism were different from ordinary people. Hui Yuan heard that he was promoting Buddhism in Hengshan, so he took his brother with him. After ascending the mountain, he listened to Dao'an preach the Prajnaparamita Sutra, "suddenly enlightened", sighed and said: "The nine streams of Confucianism are all chaff ears!" "With his younger brother, he threw his hair and became a monk, and got the name Hui Yuan and Hui Zhi. Readers may not be able to move their hearts materially, and they are most easily deceived by thought.
After Hui Yuan was ordained, although he was poor and had no resources, and even his clothes could not be prepared, he always studied hard. "He is not a strong leader, and he often wants to take the general regent and take Dafa as his own responsibility." Hui Yuan had only been teaching Dao'an for three years, and at the age of twenty-four he began to teach the Prajnaparamita Sutra. If pranayama speaks of "reality", the audience is often confused. One audience questioned Dao'an's "Prajnaparamita Sutra", and Hui Yuan used "Zhuangzi" as an explanation, so that the audience suddenly realized that in China, Zhuangzi was deeply rooted in intellectuals. From then on, Dao'an only allowed Hui Yuan to read works other than the Buddhist scriptures, and could quote books other than the Buddhist texts to explain. Hui Yuan's skillful teachings were based on the use of Chinese knowledge to dissolve the profound Dharma, and Hui Yuan wrote his own understanding into a book, and after Hou Qin read Hui Yuan's "Treatise on the Nature of the Law", he exclaimed: "If the side does not see the sutra, it is secretly in line with reason, is not wonderful!" ”
In 378, Former Qin besieged Xiangyang, and Liang Prefecture assassin Shi Zhuxu kept Dao'an from going out, and Dao'an let the disciples disperse first to avoid the scourge of war, and the disciples preached to the four directions. Before leaving, Dao'an exhorted his disciples one by one, but did not say a word to Hui Yuan. Hui Yuan knelt down in front of Dao'an and asked, "Master, why did you not discipline me alone?" Dao'an said, "You don't need to ask for another advice, nothing in the world can make you worry!" In the Battle of Xiangyang, after the former Qin emperor Jian Jian conquered Xiangyang, he said: "When a division of 100,000 people attacked Xiangyang, only one and a half people were gained. This person refers to a generation of senior monks, Dao'an. Hui Yuan led dozens of people to the south and temporarily stayed at the Shangming Temple in Jingzhou to make plans.
In 381 AD, Hui Yuanyuan and Hui Yong agreed to go to The Luofu Mountain in Guangdong to practice and promote the religion, passing through Xunyang to see the lushan peak forest idle and beautiful, enough to rest in the shadow of the Dao, which is the benefit of the practice, Hui Yuan immediately made a wish, leading his companions to swear: "If you make it appropriate to set up a fine house here, when you wish for divine power, that is, out of the good spring." Then, Hui Yuan dug the ground with the tin staff in his hand, and suddenly the clear spring gushed out, so that the hall was built, the name of the Dragon Spring Elite House, and the tin was stationed here. Shi Huiyong lived in Xilin Temple, and seeing that the Longquan Jingshe could not accommodate everyone, he asked Hui Yuan to go past Xilin Temple, and Hui Yuan was a monk on both sides, thinking that it was inconvenient to live in one place. Therefore, Hui Yong went to Jiangzhou Assassin Shi Huanyi and said to him, "Monk Hui Yuan has great wisdom, he has just begun to spread the Fa in the Longquan Jingshe, there are disciples who come to get close to him, and there will definitely be more scholars to follow him in the future. Huan Yi accepted Hui Yong's suggestion, vowed to build Donglin Temple, to make a dojo for Hui Yuan to propagate the Dharma, and with Huan Yi's full financial support, donglin Temple was established on the east side of Lushan Mountain, which is one of the famous birthplaces of the Pure Land Sect of Buddhism.
At that time, the Shamen monks saw that the emperor had to pray, and Hui Yuan wrote five articles of "Shamen Disrespecting the King", which explained the truth that monks do not worship the emperor, he said: "Those who are monks can escape the world to seek their aspirations, and change their customs to achieve their way." If you change the customs, the service seal shall not be the same as the world's canon; if you are reclusive, you should be noble. "To promote the aspiration of renunciation and to praise the merits of monasticism is nothing more than to make the world have the heart of a monk, and also to make the monks self-respect and self-reliant." The robes were not the garments of the dynasty, nor were the bowls of the temple, and the monks were outsiders and should not be demanded of them with worldly rites.
In 399, when Huan Xuan was conquering Yin Zhongkan, the army passed through Lushan, and some military personnel passed on Huan Xuan's words to Hui Yuan, asking him to come out of Tiger Creek to see him, and Hui Yuan did not come out of Tiger Creek, saying that he could not get out. Huan Xuan arrogantly entered the mountain himself, refusing to salute Hui Yuan, Hui Yuan's appearance was majestic, there was a bodhisattva appearance, which made people feel awe at first sight, Huan Xuan naturally saluted unconsciously. Huan Xuan was also a learned man, a calligrapher of the upper numbers, and he himself loved calligraphy and painting very much. Huan Xuan used the phrase "the skin and hair of the body, the parents who receive it, do not dare to destroy the injury" in the "Filial Piety Classic": "Do not dare to destroy the injury, why cut it?" "If you honor the Book of Filial Piety, how dare you drop your hair?" Hui Yuan also quoted the "Filial Piety Sutra" and replied: "Stand up and walk on the path." "For the sake of the path, this is the only way, it is the Filial Piety Sutra that taught me. Huan Xuan listened with great admiration, and after descending the mountain, he said to his entourage: "A person like Yuangong is something I have never seen in my life, and he is indeed a great monk and a great master!" After Huan Xuan usurped the throne, Hui Yuan sent a letter to Huan Xuan, and Huan Xuan issued an edict establishing the rule that monks do not respect the emperor, which has since become a Chinese statute. Moreover, according to Hui Yuan's will, he used the imperial power to establish a system for selecting and eliminating the monks.
Hui Yuan was in Lushan, saw that yunwu tea could be used as a drink, and still transformed this wild tea into domestic tea, "Since the Jin Dynasty, the monks of the temple have successively planted it. "And with this tea to entertain people from all sides, tea chanting, narrative talking, all-night up to Dan, led to Donglin Temple become the center of southern Buddhism." Tianzhu monks, looking up at the wind, "east to the head of the auditor, dedication of the heart of Luyue." Lushan Donglin Temple and Chang'an Runaway Garden Kumarosh Translation Field, as the center of Buddhism in the north and south, echo each other. Buddhism holds that all dharmas are born of causes and conditions and have no self-nature, so they are "empty."
During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the landscape poems of Hui Yuan, Zong Bing, Tao Yuanming, Lu Xiujing, Xie Lingyun, Bao Zhao, and others have become a climate and are admired. In the mid-summer of 400, Hui Yuan led more than thirty disciples from Donglin Temple to visit Shimenjian in Lushan Mountain, and after arriving at Shimenjian, the disciples were so excited that they chanted poems one after another. Hui Yuan wrote "Preface to the Poetry of The Lushan Daoists You Shimen" for his poems, which is the earliest famous piece of landscape travel in the history of Chinese literature that has been determined by historians. Hui Yuan also wrote a poem "Lushan Daoist Poetry of You Shimen":
Super-excitement is not the basis, and the sense of reason is self-generating.
Overhearing the stone gate tour, strange singing and ghostly feelings.
Qiao Siyun drove, looking at the cliff and thinking of Zengcheng.
Riding on the long rock, I don't feel that the quality is light.
Correct the head of the Lingque, ruoling taiqing.
Sit on the false wheel and turn to the Middle Sutra.
The gods and immortals are materialized, not as if they were both.
In 402, Huiyuan's influence became more and more prosperous, and Donglin Temple became a famous dojo, and believers all over the world were inspired by this, including Pengcheng Liu Yimin, Yanmen Zhou Xuzhi, Yuzhang Lei Cizong, Xincai Biyingzhi, Nanyang Zongbing, Zhang Jishuo, etc., all of whom were famous people in the world, and when Shi Junjie gave up world fame and fortune, they came to pay homage to Huiyuan, which shows the energy of Huiyuan. Hui Yuan observed their true hearts, knew that they were truly cultivators of life and death, and said to the public, "When the kings come, can they not be unintentional in the Pure Land?" Therefore, with Liu Yimin and one hundred and twenty-three others, in front of the Statue of the Immeasurable Life Buddha in Lushan Banruotai Jingshe, Jianzhai swore: "All the people work together to cultivate the Pure Land Dharma, in order to symbiosis in the Western paradise world." He also stipulated: "Because of the different root organs of the people, the merits are different, and those who have to be reborn in the Pure Land of Bliss first need to help promote the latecomers in order to achieve the purpose of the land of bliss of the Buddha with the same life." He also ordered Liu Yimin to write the "Wishing Text" and engrave it on the stone stele. The planting of white lotus in a pond in front of Donglin Temple is based on what chinese Buddhist history calls this assembly the "White Lotus Society", or simply "Lotus Society", and is confirmed to be the beginning of the Pure Land Sect in China. The Pure Land Sect, which was later established, was also called the "Lotus Sect".
In 410, Lu Xun, the son of Hui Yuan's classmate Lu Gao, led more than 100,000 peasant troops from Guangzhou to the north, occupied Jiangzhou, and entered the mountains to visit Hui Yuan. Hui foresaw that Lu Xun's son was visiting, remembering the deceased, and was overjoyed, so he treated Lu Xun warmly and happily told Lu Xun about his childhood. A monk said to Hui Yuan, "Lu Xun is a national kou, and if you associate with him, I am afraid that there will be trouble." Hui Yuan said, "I have no choice in my Dharma, and the whole world knows it, let alone people of insight in the imperial court?" There is nothing to be afraid of connecting with the masses of the world. Soon, Lu Xun was defeated by Liu Yu. Liu Yu's army pursued Lu Xun through Jiangzhou, and Liu Yu's men told him that Hui Yuan and Lu Xun were friendly. Liu Yu said: "Those who are far away from the world will not have each other." Liu Yu sent a letter to Hui Yuan to show respect and donated money and rice to Donglin Temple as an offering.
Hui Yuan came to Lushan in 381, for more than thirty years, he could not see the mountain, did not enter the customs, took it as his duty to preach the scriptures and spread the scriptures, welcomed and sent guests to the Boundary of Tiger Creek, and this was absolutely not the case. Emperor An of Jin returned to Beijing from Jiangling, and He Wujie, the auxiliary state, sent a letter to Hui Yuan and advised him to wait for him, but Hui Yuan said that he was ill. Emperor An of Jin wrote to comfort Hui Yuan: "The master has not only cultivated the mountains and forests, but also has not recovered from the disease, and there is no cause for him, which increases his hatred." Emperor An of Jin had invited him down the mountain, but he still said that he was not sick. In his eyes, only within the boundaries of Donglin Temple was the Pure Land. He could not do this, and once wrote "You Lushan":
Chongyan exhaled clearly, and the miracle of Yu Xiuqi was performed.
Xi sang a group of sounds, and sounded out of the mountains.
There are guests who travel alone and forget what they are doing.
Wave your hand to touch the cloud gate, and the spirit pass is safe and sufficient?
The flow of the heart is percussed, and the feeling is separated.
It is The Ninth Heaven and does not strive for the sky.
The same fun is self-equal, and one enlightenment is super three benefits.
In 416, in the twelfth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty's Emperor Yixi, Hui Yuan knew that his fate had ended and died peacefully at Donglin Temple. There were three years in the eighty years and sixty-three years for the monks. Xunyang Taishou Ruan Kan and his disciples buried him in the western ridge of Lushan, and Xie Lingyun wrote an inscription under his disciples.
Based on the Amitabha Sutra, the Immeasurable Life Sutra, the Guan Wu Wei Shou Sutra, and the Theory of Past Lives, Hui Yuan created the mantra of reciting the four characters of "Amitabha Buddha".
Hui Yuan is the author of twenty volumes of the Outline of the Great Wisdom, one volume of The Treatise on the Disrespectful King, three volumes of The Eighteen Branches of Asking the Mahayana Profound Meaning (and The Answer of the Rosh), one volume of the Introduction to the Great Wisdom, one volume of the Abhidharma Order, one volume of the Order of the Three Dharmas, one volume of the Lotus Sutra Of the Myofa Lotus Sutra, one volume of the Treatise on the Ming Retribution, one volume of the Zen Sutra on the Convenience of Practice, one volume of the Treatise on The Debate of Mind Consciousness, one volume of the Treatise on the Nature of the Dharma, one volume of the Treatise on the Teachings of the Shaman Ancestral Service, one volume of the Treatise on the Three Reports of Interpretation, and one volume of the Buddha's Shadow Praise.
Hui Yuan lives in Lushan, there is also a poetic heart, there is a poetic heart, there is a painting, so he takes Lushan mountain as the state of mind, landscape painting, he has a great influence on future generations, from his xie lingyun poetry can be read poetic and picturesque, there is "Jianghuai Famous Mountain Map", the predecessors recorded that Hui Yuanxi wrote poems and compositions for the famous mountains, all of which are related to his ability to paint landscapes, and his landscape paintings have a profound impact on future generations. His disciple Zong Bing, one of the eighteen high sages of the "Lotus Society", Zong Bing's "Preface to Painting Landscapes" is the earliest theory of landscape painting in the world.
Lu Xiuhui works
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Lu Xiuhui's original works, please indicate the author. Welcome to forward sharing, do not use it for business, violators will be punished! </h1>