The Sui Dynasty ended nearly three hundred years of historical chaos, although it only had thirty-eight years, it set up a three-province and six-part system, created the imperial examination system, reformed the prefectural soldier system, excavated the Grand Canal, built Daxing City, and implemented the equalization system, all of which had a wide and profound impact.
Among the two emperors of the Sui Dynasty, it is generally believed that the Sui Emperor Yang Guang was very good at his achievements and was cruel and unkind, while the Sui Emperor Yang Jian revised laws, reformed the official system, dispensed with thin service, and developed the economy, and achieved certain achievements in the field of civil rule and martial arts, and received more praise.
No one is perfect, and the same is true for evaluating historical figures. Yang Jian's first half can be described as an infinite scenery, but the second half of his life made many mistakes, laying hidden dangers for the demise of the Sui Dynasty.
So, how violent was Emperor Wen of Sui in his later years, who had the merits of An Wanshi?
History often gives opportunities to those who are prepared, and some people say that Yang Jian is the easiest emperor to seize the world. As a foreign relative of Northern Zhou, Yang Jian was born into the longxi nobility, and his daughter became empress, he entered the core power layer, and with wisdom and strategy, gradually grasped the power, and finally deposed the young emperor and ascended the throne himself as emperor.
In the position of emperor, Yang Jian reorganized the soldiers and horses, attacked Chen in the south, and unified the world.
Yang Jian, who is brilliant and brilliant, has worked hard to govern the country, worked diligently and loved the people, opened up the territory and expanded the territory, continuously released the social productive forces, and gradually enhanced the national strength. Coupled with the assistance of his virtuous wife, Lonely Garo, people called them the "Two Saints".
But it was such an emperor who created the "rule of the emperor" and was regarded by countless people as the Ming Emperor, but in his old age, his temperament suddenly changed, he was irritable and dim-witted, he listened to rumors, and used severe punishment and harsh laws, compared with the early days of his reign, it was almost like a different person.
Beginning in the thirteenth year of the reign of Emperor Kai (593), the fifty-two-year-old Sui Emperor Yang Jian began to gradually undergo some changes.
In this year, Yang Jian built a Renshou Palace in present-day Linyou County, Shaanxi Province. Calling the summer palace Renshou Palace, Emperor Wen of Sui wanted Dejin to live forever. For this project, Yang Jian attached great importance to it and sent a heavy minister Yang Su to supervise the construction. In order to successfully complete the task, Yang Su, who was entrusted with a heavy responsibility, recruited tens of thousands of migrant workers to build it together. Yang Su supervised the battle day and night, grasped the construction, and the Renshou Palace was completed in two years.
However, because the oppression was too heavy, tens of thousands of recruits died in the construction process. In the fifteenth year of the Kai Emperor (595), when the project was completed, Yang Jian went to the Renshou Palace to inspect it, and it was a hot and hot day, and the result was that "the deceased of the servant were inferior to the Dao, and Yang Suxi burned it." (Zizhi Tongjian) Faced with this situation, Yang Jian was depressed. When he saw the grandeur of Renshou Palace with his own eyes, he who advocated frugality was even more angry, and said angrily: "Yang Su has worked hard for the people to leave the palace and complain about the world for me." ”
Then again, Yang Jian proposed to build a summer palace, and as the head of the project, Yang Su did not dare to go against the opinions of the saint and make claims. And when the task was completed, the emperor was unreasonable and angry, and Yang Su was really wronged.
In the face of this situation, the LoneLy Empress comforted Yang Su and said: "Gong zhi wu and his wife are old, there is no way to entertain themselves, and it is not loyal and filial piety to decorate this palace." At this time, Yang Jian, as if nothing had happened, changed his mouth to praise Yang Su.
The change in temperament made Yang Jian slowly go far.
At the beginning, Yang Jian revised the laws and regulations to govern the country strictly. And now, Yang Jian has personally destroyed the laws he had enacted. Faced with the situation that subordinate officials sometimes did not respect higher-level officials, Yang Jian stipulated that if subordinate officials broke the law, superiors could increase the punishment outside the law at their discretion, which led to "driving each other from top to bottom, and beating up and down." "The consequence of this situation is the rise of official brutality, and law-abiding people often become vulnerable groups."
In the face of the social phenomenon of the increase in thieves, Yang Jian "ordered the thieves to abandon the market more than one dollar, or three people stole a melon together, and the incident was fatal." "Stealing a penny and you're going to be sentenced to death on the streets is obviously very strict." After the introduction of this regulation, there was a situation in which three people stole a melon and were executed together, which was really frightening.
Three lives were exchanged for a watermelon that was not eaten in the mouth, and the cost of crime increased infinitely, causing public resentment to boil. Although Yang Jian later changed these regulations partially, people's hearts became awkward.
In his later years, he listened to rumors and killed innocents indiscriminately, which greatly reduced Yang Jian's image. Shi Wanzai made great achievements in the Sui Dynasty's War against Chen, and after reunification, he worked tirelessly to attack the Turks in the north, and was a famous general. Because Yang Su was framed by rumors, plus when he and Yang Jian spoke, "the words were angry and fierce, and they were on top." As a result, Yang Jian was furious and ordered shi wanzai to be killed violently.
In the matter of passing the throne to Yang Guang, Yang Jian's obedience was very obvious. As the eldest son of Concubine Yang Yong, Yang Yong was originally the best candidate for the crown prince, but after being made crown prince, Yang Jian believed that he had a thick and playful personality and was not enough to inherit the throne. Yang Jian firmly believed that Yang Guang was more human, and coupled with Yang Guang's management, the empress's persuasion, and Yang Su's rumors, Yang Jian deposed Yang Yong and made Yang Guang crown prince instead.
As Sima Guang said, "Suspicion is harsh, believing in rumors, meritorious deeds, and those who are not always preserved; even their children are like enemies, and they are short of them." ”
The deteriorating health and hidden worries about the future made the Temperament of Emperor Yang Jian of Sui Wen suddenly change, laying the foundation for later.
(Authorized release of Trail)