Mr. Wang Zhongji's "History of the Southern and Northern Dynasties of Wei and Jin" in the first volume of the fifth chapter of the second section on Sun Wutun Tianyun: "The larger-scale Mintun is in Biling, and there are tens of thousands of men and women. He also quoted the "Three Kingdoms Zhi Wu Zhi Zhuge Jin Chuan Zhi Zi Rong Biography" as the basis for the "Book of Wu" as the basis: "In Chi Wu zhong, the counties were out of the army, the new capital lieutenant Chen Biao, the wu county capital Lieutenant Gu Cheng, each led by the leader of the company will be tenant Biling, tens of thousands of men and women. ”
Mr. Wang designated The Binling Tuntian as the Mintun ( Min tun ) , when according to the Book of Song and the Chronicle of the Prefecture " , " The Jinling Taishou , Wu Shi divided Wu County to the west of Wuxi . Lieutenant of the Lingdian Agricultural School. Mr. Daowang believed that Sun Wutuntian's organizational structure was similar to that of Cao Wei, so the jurisdiction of lieutenants of the Dian Agricultural School belonged to Mintun . This has been controversial in recent years.
Comrade Gao Min's "Sketch of the Eastern Wu Tuntian System" (hereinafter referred to as the "Sketch") discusses this cloud: "Some people think that this is a mintun tun, but in fact it is still a military tun. Because 'the counties are out of the army', the obvious army... It cannot be considered a mintun because it has 'tens of thousands of men and women', because the family of Sun Wu's soldiers is moving with the army. ”
Comrade Chen Lianqing's "Sun Wu's Tun Tian System" also quoted this historical material from the "Book of Wu", he did not explicitly state the nature of the Biling Hui, but put forward the view that "the pawn farmers are the military tun system, and the tun tian is the min tun system". According to this kind of view, it belongs to the Biling Tun Tian under the jurisdiction of the Lieutenant of the Diannong School, which is naturally of the nature of a military tun.
However, the establishment of The Lingling Tuntian as the Military Tun tian has a new contradiction. The "Sun Wu's Tun Tian System" not only believes that the division between Sun Wu Juntun and MinTun "should be roughly the same as that of Cao Wei", and does not give any explanation for his listing of diannong as a military tun system; the "Brief Discussion" clearly refers to the diannong as a field official of the mintun system, but at the same time believes that the adjacent huitun is a military tun, and does not make any explanation for the fact that the Song Shu Zhou Junzhi contains Biling as the jurisdiction of the lieutenant of the Diannong School. Not only that, the two texts have different interpretations of Chen Biao as "New Capital Lieutenant" and Gu Cheng as "Wu County Capital Lieutenant" who participated in the meeting: "Sun Wu Tun Tian System" Yun: "Chen Biao and Gu Cheng are each a county agricultural official, belonging to the rank of lieutenant officer, but the literature is always called Du Wei ... It is suspected that it is a misprint, but there is no good copy to be proofread. "A Brief Treatise" says: "A county-level agricultural official, it seems, can also be called a lieutenant ... This is why in terms of county-level agricultural officials, Eastern Wu is different from Cao Wei. Recently, Comrade Lin Zhihua wrote: "Lieutenant Xindu and Lieutenant Tuntian of Liyang, Lieutenant of Hushu Diannong, and Lieutenant of Jiang chengdian Are also county-level agricultural officials. If compared with the Cao Wei Tun tian system, these agricultural officials should all belong to the agricultural officials of the Mintun organization. ”
How should the contradictions and differences between the above-mentioned companies be explained? Considering the historical books, Sun Wunongguan generally has to be titled with the words "Tun Tian" and "Diannong" to show the difference. For example, Lu Xunzhi was "Haichang Tuntian Du Wei", Hua Nuo "was originally Shangyu Wei and Diannong Du Wei", and Lou Xuanzhi was "Supervision of Agricultural History". Therefore, it is difficult to convince the new capital and wu county lieutenants to be agricultural officials. The Book of Jin and the Chronicle of Officials and Officials Yun: "Sun Wu and Liu Shu, mostly according to the Han system, although they resumed the temporary order, they did not have the old chapter." "Han system, county set up a lieutenant, "canon prohibited, prepare thieves", Guangwu Jianwu, although he once "dismissed the provincial school", but "restored temporary replenishment". In the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, "only border counties often placed capital lieutenants and subordinate state capitals, slightly divided into counties, and governed by people than counties." (Book of Song, Hundred Officials Chronicles): "The capital of Guangwu Province, and later often the eastern and western capitals." There are barbarians, and there are lieutenants of the subordinate states.
At the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms, most of them were counties with the capitals of various ministries. The establishment of The Daosun Wu Duwei is in line with this. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Zhi, he Qi," records that in the first year of Jian'an, "(Sun) dispatched The Governor of Yongning, Han Yan, to lead (Huiji) as a southern lieutenant, and to discuss (discuss) the promotion of the army. "It shows that Sun Wu was set up as a lieutenant, far before the implementation of Tun Tian. The same biography also said: "(He) Qi Jin Bing Jian'an, Li Du Wei Fu, is the age (scattered) eight years also." It is very reasonable for Mr. Zhongji, the King of swords, to interpret this as the Southern Governor's Mansion. According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Zhi, Gu Chengben's biography of Gu Cheng, Gu Cheng, was once an official in the western part of Wu County; the Book of Wu called him the Capital Lieutenant of Wu County, which should refer to this. Therefore, the positions of Chen Biao and Gu Chengdu were leading officers (concurrently ruling the people) rather than agricultural officials of the Tuntian system.
Chen Biao, the new capital lieutenant, and Gu Chengju, the capital of Wu County, were the leading officers, and the people who participated in the meeting were the "troops" of the counties. The word "Bu Wu" is commonly used in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which has a slightly different meaning on different occasions, or is interpreted as "Bu Le for the army", or as "the army of Bu Le". In short, once the ministry is in the army, it is a military establishment, not a civilian army. Therefore, Chen Biao and Gu Chengsuo understood that Wu Dang, the subordinate of The Tenant Biling, was a military subordinate, and the family members of Sun Wu's army were required to accompany the army, so the "Book of Wu" Yun participated in the meeting and "tens of thousands of men and women". At this time, the Adjacent TunTian is undoubtedly a military tun. However, is it wrong for the Song Shuzhou Chronicle to record that Biling was under the jurisdiction of the Lieutenant of the Diannong Academy? The answer is no.
Recent people studied Biling Tuntian and quoted this historical material contained in the Book of Wu as a history of faith. Not really. Gu Chengben Chuanyun: "(Cheng) was the western governor of Wu County, and together with Zhuge Ke and others, he had 8,000 elite soldiers, and also Tun Jun Zhang Ruan, who worshiped General Zhaoyi Zhonglang, and became a servant. Zhuge Ke consulted Danyang Shanyue, the matter lasted for more than three years in the autumn of the third year of Jiahe, and the winter of the sixth year of Jiahe, "Pingshan Yueshi was completed, and the Northern Tun Lu River was completed." Gu Cheng, because of the merits of Pingshan Yue, was promoted from the western capital of Wu County to the general of Zhaoyi Zhonglang and entered the dynasty as a servant, when it was also at this time. And Chen Biao ben chuanyun. "In the third year of Jiahe, Zhuge Ke led Danyang Taishou to ping Shanyue, to lead the new Andu Wei, and to participate in the situation... The table was in the official for three years, widely opened and demoted, and more than 10,000 soldiers were obtained. When the matter was successful, the people of Poyang, Wu Yan, and others were in chaos, and the city was attacked, and the county shook, and the table crossed the border to negotiate, and the table was destroyed and surrendered. Lu Xun paid homage to the general, the Marquis of Jinfeng, and the Northern Tun Zhangruan. "According to the new Andu Lieutenant, that is, the New Capital Lieutenant, Jinping Wu, and changed the Name of Xindu County to Xin'an County." In the "Biography of Lu Xun", Ping Wu was in Jiahe for six years, coinciding with the time described in Chen Biao's biography, so Chen Biao was promoted from a lieutenant of the new capital to a general, and the matter was also at the end of the sixth year of Jiahe. According to this, Chen and Gu were both lieutenants of Jiahezhong, and at the end of Jiahe, both of them had been promoted. In the Book of Wu, Chen and Gu were appointed as lieutenants to supervise the soldiers, which was inconsistent with this transmission. It is retested to the "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Zhi, Zhuge Ke Biography": Jiahe three years, for the Pingdan Yangshan Yue Incident, Zhuge Ke officials worship the general Fuyue, lead Dan Yang Taishou, Ke to the palace, is to transfer the four counties of the city chiefs, order each to protect their boundaries, Ming Li troops, its conghua civilians, Xi Ling Tunju. But the generals within the division, Luo Bing obstructed, but the fence, did not fight with the battle, waiting for their grain crops to ripen, and the soldiers were slaughtered, so that there was no seed left behind. "According to the four counties, Naiwu County, Huiji, Xindu, and Poyang." Zhuge Ke commanded the military campaign with the general Fuyue under the command of Danyang Taishou, and the four counties were adjacent to Danyang and were ordered to cooperate and return to Zhuge Ke's control. The four counties of the Shushu are the chief officials of the city. Make it "Ming Li Shao Wu". The establishment of this unit is by no means just "to protect the frontiers."
Sun Wu practiced that the more troops were transferred from the city to the mountains, the more the four counties belonged to the city ming and established the troops, when there was a move to be dispatched, "out of the army wu si will be suppressed." Chen Biaoshi was the new capital lieutenant, Gu Cheng was the western capital of Wu County, and it was really a natural thing to lead the congregation under zhuge Ke's "out of the woods" and lead the crowd to suppress it. Zhuge Ke was well aware of the tactics used by the Shanyue people, "when the battle is hooped, if it is defeated, it will be toriki", and it is difficult for the large army to enter the mountains to search and suppress, so he has determined the operational policy of "not fighting with the front", doing everything possible to destroy its production, and forcing it to obey the situation. Such a policy does not require too many combat troops, but the war lasts for a long time, and the problems of logistical supplies and the resettlement of "Conghua" Yamakoshi need to be properly resolved. Therefore, in addition to the dispatch of elite troops "Luo Bingyou resistance to curb the mountain yue, the rest of the troops (including many of the family members of the army) should choose the land to reclaim the land as a lasting solution. The people of Shanyue who were forced to surrender should also follow the traditional policy of "the strong are soldiers, and the winners are replenished", and the elites are replenished, and the rest are compiled into the Tuntian system, which is the specific content of the so-called "their subordinate civilians, all order tunju". Therefore, the Book of Wu refers to the Yunbi Ling Hui, when the lineage is based on the conquest of Danyang Shanyue as the background, the Hui Yu begins in JiaheZhong (Jiahe three years) rather than in Chi Wuzhong.
In the winter of the sixth year of Jiahe, the danyang mountain was more and more pacified, and Sun Wu's regime gained a large population, reaching about 40,000 "Jiashi" alone, and the number of troops led by Zhuge Ke and the generals increased greatly. Since Danyang Shan yue had been so completely pacified, there was no point in retaining a large number of troops in the Biling area. As a result, Zhuge Ke "led the crowd to the mouth of the Lu river and Anhui" and moved to the front-line area of the war against Wei. The Shanyue people who replenished the troops moved with the army, and a large number of victorious and weak people were resettled in the form of counties and counties or participating in the people's tuns. Biling was a new reclamation area, and the shanyue people who stayed in the unlit counties of Sun Wu's regime (Biling Lijun in the second year of Emperor Taikang of the Jin Dynasty) were obviously organized into TunTian households, so there was a Biling Dian Agricultural School Lieutenant. If this inference is correct, then the Song Shu Zhou Junzhi (宋書州郡志) states that "Wu Shi divides wu county west of Wuxi as a lieutenant of the Biling Dian Agricultural School" at the end of the sixth year of Jiahe or the beginning of the first year of Chiwu Yuan.