<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > this is the real Spring and Autumn Qin Mu Gong (15).</h1>
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > chief writer: Idle Lesheng</h1>
On the ninth day of the first month of December in 628 BC, The Duke Wen of Jin died, and the son of the Duke wen of Jin, Duke Xiang of Jin, took the throne, and on the second day, that is, the tenth day of the first month of December, the emperor of the Jin State prepared to send the coffin to the QuwoZong Temple for parking. However, when leaving The City, something strange happened, and a strange sound similar to the cow's cry suddenly came from the coffin of Jin Wengong, and the courtiers were horrified, and Taibu Guo Yan hurriedly counted, and then let everyone bow down to Wengong's coffin, and said: "The king's order is a big thing: there will be an army from the west to cross the border, and if you strike it, you will be victorious." It turned out that at that time, the Qin army was plotting to cross the Jin border and sneak into zheng guo, an ally of the Jin state. The undead spirit of Jin Wengong instructed the Jin army to attack it, and it would be a great victory.
This mysterious event has been debated endlessly by posterity, not to mention why Taibu's buzhi is so accurate, just to say why the sound of cattle suddenly appeared in the coffin of This Wengong, this is too weird, is it really Wengong apparition, or is it that Wengong was actually buried alive by everyone before he died, is there any great conspiracy in it? If someone really plotted to kill Wen Gong, then who was the mastermind?
This series of questions, according to the existing historical data, can not find the answer, nor can find any suspicious clues, all of which can only be guessed out of thin air. There's nothing to do anyway, so let's guess.
The first possibility: Jin Xianggong was actually a big conspirator, he joined forces with some ministers to kill his father Jin Wengong in some way, perhaps Wengong did not die thoroughly but faked death, and as a result, he suddenly woke up again during the burial process, so he struggled to cry out for help in the coffin, taibu Guo Yan in order to cover up this matter, he borrowed the intelligence of the Jin intelligence department in the Qin state in advance to borrow Wen Gong Xianling, first, to find an excuse for the Jin state to start a war against Qin after the Jin state, and second, to use this to fool through the pass and dispel everyone's doubts as soon as possible. Perhaps even the subsequent death of The Ancestor is related to it.
Chinese people love conspiracy theories, so there are many people who are keen on such possibilities. In particular, according to the Zuo Chuan, The Duke wen of Jin died on the day of his death (the ninth day of the first month of December), but was buried on the day of Gengchen (the tenth day of the first month of December), which is obviously not in line with the Zhou rites, according to the "Book of Rites and Funerals"
"The funeral of the king: three days, the staff of the son and the lady, the funeral of the five days, the staff of the doctor and the woman... The Doctor's Funeral: Three Days of Dynasty Funeral... Funeral of a soldier: two days and a funeral. ”
When the princes die, they must stop for five days, the doctor for three days, and the soldiers for two days. How many days did the civilians stop? It must be less than a taxi, specific days, Mr. Kong does not like to take care of you, and he can't be polite. In any case, it was unreasonable for Jin Wengong to go out of the funeral the next day. In such a hurry to enter the collection, there must be some hidden secrets! In other words, Jin Wengong was most likely murdered.
However, this kind of conspiracy theory that makes the Chinese people very excited, once carefully investigated, will find that there are big problems in it. First of all, Jin Xianggong and his ministers did not have any motive to kill, Jin Wengong was already 70 years old, even if he was very old, he didn't have to wait long, there was no need to take a big risk to kill the king.
Secondly, the Jin Dynasty is ruled by the six secretaries, there are many factions, and the interests are complicated, it is impossible for everyone to join forces to kill the monarch, as long as one party does not agree, this matter cannot be done, even if it is done, it is also bloody, and it is impossible to leave no trace in the history books.
However, Jin Wengong had just died, and he was going to carry it to the Quwozu Temple the next day, so why was he in such a hurry? How can this be explained.
The answer is simple.
"Left Transmission of Justice": The scripture of the case is based on the death of the pawn, Gengchen is the tomorrow of the pawn, the soon-to-be-buried, with Qu Wo road far away, so early to the ear.
The Jin Dynasty is different from other princely states, the ancestral temple of the Jin State Quwo is sixty or seventy miles away from the Jin capital Ofi City, and it takes four or five days to carry the coffin all the way, can it be done without starting early?
In addition, is it buried when it is carried to Quwo? No. According to the "Thirty-three Years of the Left Transmission",
"In the fourth month of Xia, Xin Wei defeated the Qin master Yu Yu, and was given the return of Baili Mengmingshi, Xi Qishu, and Bai Yibing, and Suimo was buried with Wengong."
In fact, Zhong'er stopped at the Quwozu Temple for more than three months, and it was not until April of the following year, after winning the battle against the Qin State, that Wen Gong was buried. If Jin Wengong had not died, he could have been in the coffin for a long time, and it would have been impossible not to be discovered. Therefore, those who say that Jin Wengong was buried alive either did not read seriously or indulged in conspiracy theories.
So, probably the second one might be more believable.
The second possibility, perhaps before The Duke Wen of Jin died, knew that Duke Mu of Qin was ambitious, eager to move, and wanted to invade the Central Plains, and he was about to die, and his son Duke Xiang of Jin was inexperienced in ruling, I am afraid that something bad would happen. Therefore, before his death, he consulted with Taibu Guo Yan to make such a show, so that the Jin State would justifiably start a war with the Qin State. After all, Jin Wengong was only enthroned as a monarch with the support of the Qin State, and Jin and Qin had been married and allied for nearly thirty years, Qin Mugong's wife was a Jin woman, Jin Wengong's wife was a Qin woman, the two families broke bones and tendons, if the Jin State suddenly turned his face and hit the Qin army, this is really a bit unreasonable, if you don't play two magical dramas, how to account to the domestic and foreign countries?
No matter what kind of possibility it was, in short, the Qin army marched thousands of miles and wanted to sneak attack zheng guo in the central plains, and these moves had long been discovered by the intelligence department of the Jin state, and the reason why the Jin state was slow to move was actually just hesitation. Until the Qin state sneaked up on Zheng Guo unsuccessfully, it also conveniently destroyed the Jin state's vassal state Shui Guo, and then crossed the Jin border again to return to Qin. The Jin people finally couldn't sit still.
However, the matter was so large that even with the supreme instructions given by the undead of the Duke Wen of Jin, the Jin courtiers still divided into two factions and had a heated discussion about whether to send troops. One faction was the main peace faction led by the general Luan Zhi of the lower army, who believed that the Qin state was kind to the Jin state and could not rush to send troops to destroy the diplomatic relations between the two countries, which would put the Jin state in a dilemma of fighting in both directions with Chu qin; the other faction was the main battle faction headed by the Chinese general Xianxun, who believed that the Qin army's labor division expedition was a great opportunity given to the Jin state by heaven, and it was an unlucky thing to go against the will of Heaven. As for the grace of the Qin state proposed by Luan Zhi and others, this is even more needless to mind, the Newly Mourned State of Jin, the State of Qin did not come to ask questions, but instead marched to the border without borrowing the road and attacked the countries of the same surname in Jin, which was rude to the State of Jin first. If anyone offends me, I will offend, and if one day the enemy is destroyed, so will the plague of several generations! Not leaving the trouble to future generations is the greatest loyalty to the ancestors.
The final result of the argument was that the main war faction was victorious. After all, at that time, the Xian clan, led by the Chinese general Xianxun and the Shangjun general Xian and ju father and son, had actually mastered the military and political power of the Jin state, and the young Jin Xianggong had just succeeded to the throne, and he had to rely on the strength of the Xian family to sit firmly. Besides, the spirits of the ancestors in heaven had deliberately given instructions to all kinds of things, so miraculous, how could they not listen?
Therefore, Jin Xianggong declared: "Qin insulted me alone, because of the loss of my slippery, I will repay it!" Then he dispatched the Jiang Rong army, which lived in the southern jin province, to jointly send troops to prepare for an ambush and sneak attack on the dangerous Kunhan Valley Road to surround and annihilate the Qin army. Jiang Rong was originally a Rong clan living in Qindi Gua Prefecture (present-day Baoji to Longxian County, north of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi), who were expelled by the Qin people and moved east to Jin during the Jin Huigong period about twenty years ago, and the Jin Huigong placed them in the southern part of the Jin state. This time, Jiang Rong was dispatched to fight together, first, because they had a feud with Qin, and second, because Jiang Rong had lived in the Longshan area for a long time and had extremely strong mountain combat capabilities, which could further enhance the probability of annihilating the Qin army.
In addition, in order not to violate the funeral rites, the Duke of Jinxiang made the black armor into a mourning dress style, with Liang Hong as the imperial and LaiJu as the right side of the car, and personally conquered the front line of Kunshan. Since then, unlike the plain white mourning clothes of other countries, the mourning clothes of the Jin Dynasty have been black - this matter has a very far-reaching impact, and there are still some places in Shanxi that still have this folk custom.
On April 13, 627 BC, the Qin army, laden with the joy of the Slippery Kingdom, returned to the treacherous Kunshan Realm it had passed through. As mentioned earlier, Kunshan is a branch of the eastern section of the Qinling Mountains, which is the watershed of the Yellow River and its tributary, the LuoHe River, and a natural barrier from Shaanxi to the Central Plains. Gu Zuyu's "Minutes of Reading the History of Public Opinion" also said: "The wing shore is majestic and the peak is inserted into the sky, and the valley is deep." In the middle of the day-to-day walk, there is no square rail column riding place. "It can be seen from this that the Kun Valley Road is deep and narrow, and the carriages and horses cannot be parallel, and the end is a good place to kill people and destroy corpses. What's worse is that compared with the previous passage, the Qin army has brought a lot of burdens (slaves and supplies stolen from the slippery country), and it is more difficult to pass. As a result, the Jin army of the first generation arrived as scheduled, a massacre, the entire army of 30,000 Qin was destroyed, only Meng Mingshi and three other commanders escaped under the desperate protection of the soldiers, but were still captured by the Jin army.
The Battle of Kun was the most famous ambush and annihilation war in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it was also the first large-scale ambush and annihilation battle example in China's military history, and before and after this, most of the forms of war in the Spring and Autumn Period were two sides concentrating their main forces to face each other squarely and face each other, only seeking a decisive victory or defeat, and not aiming at annihilating the living forces of the other side. Perhaps, the Qin state's love of slaughter in the Warring States period is also related to the fact that it was the first to suffer this great disaster.
In short, the Battle of Kun was a war that changed the turn of history, and the only thing that could be matched in the ambush warfare in the pre-Qin period was probably the Battle of Maling, where Sun Zhen killed Pang Juan three hundred years later. It had a far-reaching impact on the development and changes of military equipment during the Spring and Autumn Period, as well as on the development and changes of China's military ideology and combat forms. In particular, the Qin state has greatly influenced its tactics and tactics.
We found that in all the battles after the Battle of Kun, the Qin army never attacked from afar, but fought steadily and painstakingly practiced siege techniques. In fact, in the Spring and Autumn Period, the princes generally only fought in the field and rarely attacked the city, one was that the siege equipment was not yet developed, and the other was that it could not be attacked for a long time, and it would miss the domestic agricultural production, in short, it was very uneconomical. That's why the "Art of War of Sun Tzu" says: "The upper soldiers cut the plot, the second cuts the traffic, the second cuts the soldiers, and the next attacks the city." However, because of geographical and historical reasons, the Qin state did the opposite, and at the beginning it practiced hard to attack the strongholds, and as a basic method of warfare, it began to slowly encroach on the borders of the Jin state, so in the Warring States period, where the main means of combat was to compete for the city, the siege tactics of the Qin state had gone far ahead of the Six Kingdoms. At this time, there was no opponent of the Qin state in the world, so the Qin state was able to encroach on the Three Jins, annex the six kingdoms, and unify the world.
Unexpectedly, the way out of the east of the Qin State was blocked by the Jin State, and this innate disadvantage finally evolved into a greatest advantage, which is the so-called Diligence can make up for it.
On the other hand, although they achieved a temporary victory in this battle, they openly destroyed the Qin-Jin alliance and changed the original strategic pattern. During the reign of The Duke of Jin, the Qin-Jin alliance, jin had no worries about the enemy on its back, and could use Qin to enhance its strength in the struggle against Chu and ensure its hegemonic position. However, the Battle of Kun, Jin Xianggong and Xianxun pushed the good ally of the Qin state to the enemy, prompting the Qin-Chu alliance and putting the Jin state in an unfavorable position of fighting on both sides. Since then, for more than eighty years, Jin has fought against Chu in the south, and at the same time must also entangle with Qin in the west, and after years of war, hatred and resentment have been difficult to solve, resulting in a relaxation of control over the northern border areas, and the Di, Rong and other tribes outside the border have taken advantage of the void to invade, thus forming a strategic situation in which the Jin state is attacked on three sides.
In fact, in the triangular struggle between Jin, Chu, and Qin for supremacy in the Central Plains at that time, the contradictions between Jin and Qin were not the main contradictions, whether politically, militarily, or geographically, and they did not intensify to the point where they had to fight. Moreover, at that time, Qin did not openly break up, and Jin did not have the strength to destroy the Qin state in a war. There was no need for the Jin state to annoy the difficult opponent of the Qin state because of the temporary benefit. Therefore, from the standpoint of the Jin State, from the perspective of the campaign, the Battle of Kun was a major victory for the Jin monarchs; but strategically speaking, it was a mistake caused by the Jin monarchs and subjects due to the lack of a strong overall view. This mistake had a very serious consequence decades later, that is, the hegemony of the Jin state that had been so hard established by Duke Wen was eventually taken away by the brilliant King Zhuang of Chu. Of course, the State of Jin after all has a strong foundation, shortly after the death of King Zhuang of Chu, the Spring and Autumn Hegemony returned to the Jin, but it was no longer as glorious as before, and it was often challenged by the State of Chu, so the history thereafter was basically the confrontation between the two powers of the North and the South, until the era of the three families dividing the Jin and the seven warring states standing side by side came.
Of course, Qin and Jin, as neighbors with water in their clothes, have too many conflicts of interest, and it is too difficult to establish political mutual trust. The so-called good of Qin and Jin, the foundation has never been solid, and it is actually not surprising that this time it has completely collapsed.