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Coconuts are also known as Xu Yu, Coconut Scoop, Large Coconut, Cocoa Coconut, etc., Coconut of the Palmaceae family is a perennial tropical large tree-like plant. Native to Southeast Asia (it is also said that it is native to the American continent, there is no controversy), the coconut is one of the earliest tropical fruit trees, and the cultivation of artificial cultivation is also earlier, about 4,000 years ago the inhabitants of the Malay Peninsula began to domesticate cultivation. The earliest documentary record of coconuts in China is the "Shanglin Fu" written by Sima Xiangru in the Western Han Dynasty, which is enough to prove that at least 2,000 years ago, China has introduced coconuts. But whether the coconut is artificially introduced, or whether it "comes" by itself, it is worth examining. This is because the morphological structure of the coconut fruit grows like that, in order to fall and drift with the sea to other land and breed and grow, China's main coconut-producing area of Hainan Province is not far from the coconut origin area, so it is not certain that the first coconut in China is that it floats across the ocean and sprouts into a tree there. Coconut in ancient times is loved by the ancients, the left text records that it is quite a lot, there is it in the ancient agricultural books, it is in the pharmacy classics, the romantic poems of the literati rioters also have it, the most representative may be Su Dongpo's sentence "the coconut tree is picked on the qiong pulp, holding a bowl of white jade incense" (Inong really admires this brother after being degraded to Lingnan, others see him eat lychee is very happy, and after he was demoted to Hainan, his freedom, you can also see how strong the comfort of delicious agricultural products is).
Since coconuts are only suitable for cultivation in tropical areas, in ancient times, only the inhabitants of the producing areas and the dignitaries could enjoy the delicacy of this large agricultural product. Since modern times, coconut cultivation has become more and more extensive, and large-scale commercial coconut groves can be seen in tropical agricultural planting areas in Asia and the Americas. In addition to a very small number of green tree species, most of China's coconuts are distributed in the southern tropical regions, of which Hainan Province has the largest planting area, and 99% of China's coconuts are distributed here. At present, The planting area of coconuts in China is more than 500,000 mu, and nearly 300 million coconuts can be produced every year, which seems to be a big number, but it only accounts for about 1% of the world's coconut production.
The situation of coconuts and other agricultural products in China is different from the surplus situation, and the production of domestic coconuts at this stage is far less than the consumption of domestic coconuts. Every year, China imports more than 2 billion coconuts from the main coconut-producing countries, that is to say, only one of the 10 coconuts consumed in China is domestically grown, and the other 9 are all from abroad, and the money is earned by others. To know that the economic value of coconuts is very high, from the planting end of the high coconut harvest period of up to 100 or more, dwarf coconut harvest period can also reach 30 years, a plant of coconut tree annual production of coconut fruit in the harvest period of more than 200, even if the origin of coconut 3 yuan a, the single plant output value is also more than 600 yuan, for agricultural products This economic benefit has been good. From the demand side, coconut meat and coconut water are rich in carbohydrates, unsaturated fatty acids, palmitic acid, protein, vitamins, dietary fiber, calcium, iron, potassium, phenols, alcohols and other nutrients, coconut water thirst quenching, leaf meat fat white sweet, edible value is very high. In addition, since modern times, the coconut processing industry is also booming, and it is widely used in food processing, oil refining, cosmetics and daily necessities processing. Coconut water, copra, coconut paste, coconut sugar, coconut oil with coconut meat as raw materials, activated charcoal and handicrafts with coconut shells as raw materials, and palm ropes and palm mats with coconut fiber as raw materials have a good market situation. At present, the main coconut producing countries are mainly concentrated in Southeast Asia, and a large number of coconuts are exported every year, which brings considerable benefits to local coconut farmers, and with the increase in demand for coconut fresh fruits and the extension of the coconut processing industry, the prospects of the coconut industry are quite optimistic.
So why is it that under the current situation of short supply and demand, farmers have theoretically considerable benefits, and they have not vigorously developed planting? Is the domestic coconut water grown in Hainan not sweet, or the domestic coconut meat is not fragrant, or the domestic coconut cannot be used for processing? Obviously not, in fact, due to the unique geographical advantages, domestic coconuts are superior to imported coconuts in some characteristics, and they are more loved by consumers. The reason why it is good and not expanded is because there are too many other difficulties in the current domestic coconut planting and production process that hinder its development, and then we will take a good look.
<h1>There are many difficulties in the development of domestic coconut cultivation</h1>
First, from the physiological characteristics of coconut
Coconut is a typical tropical plant, there are certain requirements for the growth environment, commercial planting of coconuts require the average annual temperature of the planting area to be above 26 °C, the minimum temperature below 15 °C Coconut tree growth will be inhibited. There are also certain requirements for precipitation, the annual precipitation should be in the range of 1300-2800 mm, coconut or light-loving crops require annual light time to be more than 2000 hours, like loose sandy soil, which is why 99% of China's coconuts are planted in Hainan. According to statistics, there are only more than 2 million mu of areas suitable for commercial cultivation of coconuts in China, and they are basically concentrated on Hainan Island. In a sense, domestic coconuts can be directly described as Hainan coconuts. Although Hainan has a large coconut suitable area, in recent years, typhoons, heavy rains and other frequent bad weather, the impact on the yield and quality of domestic coconuts is really not small. In addition, although the abundant production period of coconuts is produced, the same high-seed coconuts from planting to fruiting to go through 10 years, the income window period is too long; dwarf coconuts can produce fruit in about 5 years but more fruits and small juices are less; and in the planting mode of seeking yield and products, high-seeded coconuts can only be planted 12-18 plants per acre, dwarf coconuts can only be planted 18-25 plants, and the physiological characteristics of these coconuts determine that although the coconuts can be profitable, they will never get rich because of this, blocking the pace of planting development.
Second, from the current situation of coconut cultivation
Single aging and backward development of varieties: China's coconut varieties are mainly composed of the original high-grade coconuts, the introduction of dwarf coconuts, and self-developed hybrid coconuts, of which high-grade coconuts account for more than 90%, dwarf coconuts account for a relatively small proportion, and the proportion of high-quality hybrid coconuts is even more negligible. Some of these tree species are not good in the first place, and some are degraded, and the yield and quality are relatively low. Some coconut groves have even ceased to produce fruit, which is worthless except for greening. Large areas of aging and backward coconut tree species are a difficulty hindering the development of coconut cultivation.
Extensive planting management mode yield is low: at present, in addition to the standardized planting bases that cooperate with coconut processing enterprises (the planting management of some planting bases is actually not fine enough), the coconuts planted by farmers and friends are quite extensive, and some even do not apply fertilizer for many years, let alone the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. This has caused a serious decline in coconut yields, we mentioned earlier that the theory of coconut per plant can produce up to 200 fruits, and most of the coconut trees in our extensive management mode only produce more than 10 fruits a year, not to mention that the price of single fruit can not catch up with foreign imported fruits, even if the price is 2-3 times that of imported fruits, how much can such a low fruit yield fruit farmers have.
Serious occurrence of diseases and insect pests: In the long-term extensive management mode, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in China's coconut producing areas is very serious, the main diseases that harm coconuts are gray spot disease and leaf spot disease that harm leaves, bud rot that harms leaf buds, and dried coconut stem diarrhea blood disease that harms stems; the main insect pests are coconut round borers that suck sap, red palm weevils that eat coconut trees, and hornworms; these diseases and insect pests have caused harm to coconuts for many years and have a serious trend year by year, which is one of the greater difficulties in the development process of coconut planting.
Third, from the perspective of the enthusiasm of fruit growers
The degradation of old tree varieties, from the new to the new breeding to wait for nearly 5-10 years to have a profit; the production of coconuts in the extensive management mode is extremely low, the production areas with high incidence of diseases and insect pests have reached a situation that is difficult to control; coconut trees are more than 10 meters high, and the workload of harvesting coconuts is very large; the price of fresh coconut fruits is not high, we can think of a coconut in the north, and the price of the place of origin is cheaper, which is about 2-3 yuan, and a tree bears more than a hundred fine, and more than a dozen fruits are not enough to hire people to climb the tree. These factors make fruit friends engaged in coconut cultivation less motivated. At the same time, we look at it in reverse, as soon as the planting enthusiasm of the fruit farmers engaged in coconut cultivation is low, they are even less in the mood to finely plant management and actively prevent and control diseases and insect pests; such a vicious circle of repeated, the "tomorrow" of domestic coconuts can be imagined.
<h1>If domestic coconuts want to have "tomorrow", they must push aside the difficulties that hinder development</h1>
The development of domestic coconut cultivation is full of real-time difficulties, which are not easy to solve, but after careful consideration, we will find that there is a closer relationship between these difficulties that block the development of coconut cultivation, any of which is worse, other difficulties will become more serious, but we think in turn, if we start from one aspect to improve it, other difficulties will also be slowly alleviated. Fruit growers engaged in planting and production will be more refined in planting management, coconut diseases may be less, the yield will be higher, the yield will be higher, the enthusiasm will be high, so it is not a virtuous circle. As for the problem of varieties, according to Yinong's understanding, in recent years, the relevant scientific research institutions have been increasing the introduction of suitable varieties and hybrid improvement of coconut varieties, and there have been some high-quality high-yield species for commercial planting (it should be noted that the quality of the original high-variety tree species is not bad, it is management and disease that cause its low yield, and fine planting it can still have better yield and quality). To sum up, it seems that if the development of domestic coconut planting wants to have a good "tomorrow", it only needs an action to "push forward" to block its development difficulties, but this action needs to be made by fruit farmers engaged in coconut planting, relevant scientific research institutions, and enterprises engaged in coconut processing and production at the same time, in order to "push" the future and "push" out of the splendid sky.
<h1>Write in the last expectations and instructions</h1>
China's coconut is mainly planted in Hainan Province, since the ancient Hainan Island has the reputation of Coconut Island, According to the farmer believes that to improve the current Hainan coconut planting and production situation, its value is not only reflected in the agricultural gain, the development of coconut industry and other economic aspects, more importantly, to retain and broaden a piece of cultural accumulation, at the same time this cultural accumulation will also have its unique economic value, Hainan is a tourist resort, such as coconuts and other characteristic agricultural products will help to promote the overall development of the production area. Yinong expects that with the efforts of many aspects, the "tomorrow" of Hainan coconut industry will be wonderful. Finally, I still want to exhort that although Iinong firmly believes that there will be a better "tomorrow" for the development of coconut planting, but in "today" if farmers and friends want to develop planting, then we must be cautious, prudent is not to persuade you not to touch, but to instruct everyone to comprehensively consider various factors to weigh the advantages and disadvantages before making a decision, because whether agricultural production can benefit not only in the agricultural products themselves, but also in the cultivation and production of you and me.
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Detailed, welcome to discuss!