When it comes to paleontology, I believe many friends will think of dinosaurs, because dinosaurs were once the hegemons of this world, but today, dinosaurs we can only see fossils. In addition to dinosaurs, today we can also see a lot of ancient animals and plants, relatively speaking, ancient plants are more than ancient animals, careful friends can find that in the existing ancient creatures, the living animals are mainly marine organisms, and there are very few ancient creatures living on land, and the bee tribe believes that this is mainly related to human interference with ancient organisms.
For marine life, because it is living in the ocean, it is more difficult for humans to interfere, and it is relatively simple for humans to interfere with organisms living on land, which is also a major reason for the extinction of many rare animals. From the perspective of animals and plants, plants are obviously more viable, so we can see more ancient plants, and there are fewer ancient animals.
In fact, there is a relatively common ancient animal around us, that is, bees. How long the breeding time of bees is, many friends may not know, but friends who know about bees are more familiar. Bees are not only an ancient animal with a long breeding time, but also an animal whose genes have not changed much after hundreds of millions of years of reproduction, so how do bees do it? Leaving aside the strict social way of living bees, the way we look at the virus defense method of bees alone today can really be worth learning from us humans. Today's content mainly includes the following aspects.
1. The origin of the bee
2. The breeding method of bees
3. The way bees defend against viruses
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the origin of the bee</h1>
If you want to trace the origin of bees, in fact, from the perspective of modern people, it is very difficult to really trace the origin of bees, but we can understand from the lifestyle and fossils of bees, which may not be very accurate, but we can know a rough time.
(1) Bee lifestyle to judge the origin of bees: The way of life of bees is very complicated, and it is difficult for us to find the origin of bees from the way of life of bees, but we can trace the origin of bees from the life needs of bees. From the perspective of the life needs of bees, bees mainly feed on the nectar of honey source plants, so we want to trace the origin of bees, which can trace the time of development of honey source plants.
Between the honey source plant and the bee, it can be said that it is a complementary result, there is no bee pollination, it is obvious that the plant is difficult to reproduce, so we can understand that the emergence of honey source plants, is the time of the emergence of bees, the main birthplace of angiosperms in North China Ancient Land, North China Ancient Land Geographical Change, completely become a continent, has a history of 280 million years, so at this time, may have bees have appeared.
(2) Judging the origin of bees from fossils: If we cannot judge the origin of bees from the origin of angiosperms, then the most direct way is to judge the fossils of bees. In 1984, archaeologists found the fossils of the ancient bees in Beibozi, Laiyang County, Shandong Province, and the ancient bee fossils found this time have been 130 million years from today, belonging to the Mesozoic Cretaceous era. It can be said that this is the earliest time to discover the origin of bees from bee fossils.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > how bees reproduce</h1>
For the breeding method of bees, today we all say that bees are highly socialized social organisms, in fact, the living habits of ancient bees have some differences with the life habits of bees that we see today, because bees have developed into socialized communities, which has undergone a process, ancient bees are also solitary creatures, but in order to be able to adapt to the development of the environment, slowly become the social organisms we see today.
It is worth mentioning that in many ancient organisms, after the change of history, genes have undergone great changes, but bees are more special, the bees we see today, and the shape of the ancient bees is not much different, that is, although the bees have experienced hundreds of millions of years of reproduction, their genetic changes are not large, so what is the reason?
This important thing is the special mating method of bees, the real sense of domestication of human bees is actually hundreds of years, humans really change the habits of bees, from the perspective of Western bees, Western bees are now highly domesticated bee species, which are not suitable for wild, but once Western bees are also like ancient bees, that is, in the past more than a hundred million times, although people are using bees, they are only using bees on the basis of wild bees. There has not been much change in the genes and living habits of bees, and it is known that the development of modern technology has made a certain breakthrough.
Returning to the above question, what methods do bees use to ensure genetic stability? In fact, this way is very simple, that is, the way we common animals mate today, the mating of bees is very special. In our lives, the mating of animals is almost always closed together to the mating period, they are naturally completed, but the bees are not like this, bee mating relies on the queen bee to release extra-sex hormones to attract males to mate, and the queen bee releases extra-hormones, not to lock the male bees and bees together can be completed, but also needs a condition, that is, in the air. Bees mating in the air, it is obvious that in the backward ancient times, people are difficult to give bees such conditions, which leads to bees must mate on their own, almost will not be interfered with by people, resulting in bees genetic traits can be stable for a long time, until today we invented artificial insemination to change the habit of bees.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > how bees defend against viruses</h1>
For animals, if there is a large-scale death, it is either a natural disaster or a man-made disaster. For bees, there is no war like humans, the possibility of war death is not large, and the enemy, is nothing more than the result of natural selection, the high degree of social settlement of bees, so that they can survive in a complex environment, but for diseases, for animals is a disaster, the extinction of many animals, I have to say that it is related to diseases, such as the plague we often say, in many ancient countries, mysterious disappearance of a lot, such as the legendary Loulan ancient country, the ancient country, In the backward medical conditions, the plague made these mysterious countries disappear, which has to be said to be a scientific explanation.
Friends who know bees know that now our artificially farmed bees are nothing more than bees and bees, and from the harm suffered by bees, in addition to the enemies of bees, it is the disease of bees, we say that the enemy is the result of a species adapting to the environment, the result of the survival of the fittest, and the disease is the animal can be prevented to a certain extent, from the disease of the bee, I don't know if you have noticed, the disease of the bee, such as our common bee cystic larval disease, chalk disease, etc., if you want to infect the bee swarm on a large scale, Basically related to food, that is to say, mainly caused by improper control of things, wild bees are rarely sick, mainly bees control their own food, domestic bees can provide food for bees, many diseases are due to food because of it, such as bee digestive tract diseases, microsporosis are related to bees' food.
So why are wild bees so viable, and how do they defend against viruses or bacteria? This process seems a bit cruel, and it is a bit unfilial from our human point of view, but from the perspective of species protection, it has to be said that the bee way is worth learning.
We all know that bees are highly socialized social creatures, and there is a division of labor in the bee colony, which is similar to cruelty, but behind the cruelty is an indisputable fact, and all cruelty revolves around the development of beneficial species.
In the bee colony, the main working bee is the worker bee, the number of worker bees in a bee colony accounts for more than 99%, there is only one queen bee, the male bee is only produced at a specific time, it can be said that the worker bee is synonymous with the bee, we can see the bees at a glance, basically are worker bees.
The work of the worker bee is divided according to the age of the day, in a bee colony, the worker bee will not appear a slacker, as long as it appears, it will face death. There are various "management agencies" in the bee colony similar to our human life, such as scouting bees, supervising bees, massage bees, medical bees, and so on. When a bee has a problem, the first is the medical bee to "heal", if you can heal, continue to work, if you can not heal, drag out the hive slowly die, about this bee habits, the bee tribe has written in the previous article, interested friends can go to understand, here is not much to say, we continue to say the way bees defend against the virus.
The above bee tribe said that the bees divide labor according to different day ages, there are various "management institutions" in the bee colony, in fact, there is a problem here is the age of the bees, the age of the working bees in the bee colony is not long, during the honey collection period, the age of the working bees is only about 28 days, or even less than 28 days, in more than 20 days, the bees work from the nest to the outside of the nest, experienced the hive cleaning, feeding the larvae to build the nest, collect nectar and other work, the general bees will collect honey until more than 18 days old, According to this data, bees will die about 10 days after starting to collect honey, so in the bee colony, there are often more elderly bees, and the virus defense work in the bee colony is mainly completed by these elderly bees.
For us humans, the older people are, the more irresponsible they are, and they still need to be supported, but bees are different, bees are older and more responsible, and the old bees in a bee colony mainly serve as the guard of the nest door and the reconnaissance work of the outside world. The process is actually very cruel, and these two jobs can be said to be the most dangerous jobs in a bee colony, and the bee tribe believes that this is also the wisdom of the bees.
The elderly bees in the colony often undertake the most challenging and dangerous work in the colony, such as "invading" other bee colonies and scouting new addresses, which can be said to be not dangerous work and will not be given to the elderly bees. So how exactly do swarms defend against viruses? This is mainly reflected in the reconnaissance of honey sources.
We all know that animals are afraid of poisons, what bacteria, germs, viruses, etc. Animals including us are afraid, but as a group, there is always a need for some individuals to take risks, and the bees in the bee colony that risk are the old bees. When the elderly bee as a honey source scout bee, often in the bee colony when there is no honey source when the elderly bee to the wild to scout the bee, after the elderly bee finds the honey source, they first collect some honey source samples back to the hive, and then dance in the hive, and the honey source samples they collected are distributed to the collection bees who observe the reconnaissance bee dance, these collection bees according to the reconnaissance bee dance information, find the honey source and start collecting honey. This is the honey harvesting mechanism in a bee colony.
If we only look at the honey collection mechanism of bees as an interest, it may not seem very interesting, but if we taste it carefully, there is a lot of content in it. Friends who have raised bees know that now breeding bees are prone to pesticide poisoning, but even if the bees are poisoned by pesticides, if it is not a chronic drug or poisoned, the whole group of bees may be destroyed very small, so don't underestimate the division of labor mechanism of the bees, it can be said that the secret of the bee defense virus is here, we can separately look at the honey collection mechanism of the bees on the virus defense measures.
(1) Steps for bees to suffer from the harm of the virus: We first scout the bees If we collect the honey source of the virus, we all know that the virus needs to be contacted or approached to be infected, that is to say, we have been exposed to the source of infection. Bees through the division of labor, first let the bee colony in the reconnaissance bees to contact the honey source, if the honey source is poisonous, these reconnaissance bees will be poisoned outside, the collection of bees will not go to collect, which is equivalent to the bees to defend against the virus first line of defense, belongs to the highly toxic, bees die for a short time.
If the bees collect neutral poisons, the bees will not die immediately after collecting the nectar with the virus, and they can also bring the honey source to the hive. Because the way bees save nectar is to keep it in the honey stomach of the bee, so as long as the reconnaissance bee contacts the honey source, the danger has begun, and the neutral virus scouting bee will not die immediately, it will return to the hive, but the reconnaissance bee that returns to the hive is not able to enter the hive, but also be checked by the guard bee. Guard bees are the bees we see at the door of the hive, every bee that enters the swarm must be checked by these bees, these bees are also experienced elderly bees, they are very familiar with the taste of each nectar, if there is a reconnaissance bee through the nest door, the taste of nectar appears peculiar, such as the smell of pesticides, the guard bee immediately intercepts, the reconnaissance bee can not enter the swarm at all, even if it is the bee of the same swarm, as long as the reconnaissance bee hard to break through also has to fight, The end result is either that the scouting bees themselves die outside or are attacked and killed by the guard bees of their own colonies, so when we find that the bees are poisoned by pesticides, we usually see many bees with pollen clumps on their legs die at the door of the hive. This is the second line of defense for bees to prevent the virus.
When the bees collect chronic poison, this is the most harmful to the bees, if the reconnaissance bees are not intercepted, then the toxic honey source will enter the bee colony, but there is still a protection mechanism in the bee colony, this protection mechanism is mainly reflected in the nutrients in the bee colony, the mechanism is the royal protection of the larvae. In the swarm, the food of adult bees is honey, the nutrition of the larvae is royal jelly and pollen, the food of the queen bee is royal jelly, and the royal jelly is the secretion of the queen bee worker bee, so the queen bee wants to be poisoned, unless all the bees in the bee colony die, because the worker bee only eats honey to secrete royal jelly, if the honey is poisonous, the worker bee may not even secrete royal jelly, and the larvae and the queen bee under 3 days old cannot be exposed to the virus, so in a bee colony, even if it is collected from the wild to the source of toxic honey, The possibility of all the deaths in a short period of time is very small, which is the ultimate defense line of the bees, as long as the internal bees die in large numbers, the bee colony is not far from extinction.
(2) The significance of the elderly bees doing reconnaissance bees: The above bee tribe said that the age of the elderly bees is not more than 10 days, in fact, the bees in the bee colony responsible for the most dangerous work are some bees that are about to die, the death of these bees, the impact on the bee colony is not large, but it has an important significance for the development of the race, it can be said that it is a desperate fight before death, and the worker bees do not have the normal ability to spawn, and dedicate their lives to the entire bee colony until death, which can be said to be what we say about life not bringing, death does not take away, The most important thing is that there is no burden on the bee colony, and the death of worker bees is mostly in the wild.
This is the way the bee colony defends against the virus, it seems to be nothing more than an instinct of insects, but if we taste carefully and carefully understand the life of bees, there are actually many things worth learning, in this seemingly cruel world, there is a warmth that we humans do not have. Many netizens said that understanding the life of bees will make people feel tears, if we really observe carefully, in fact, this is not an exaggeration. On the other hand, we humans, flying in the sky, running on the ground, swimming in the water, can eat, can not eat, through the mouth stuffed, and we humans master the most advanced technology on the earth, rule the whole world, but do not even have the most basic sense of defense, in this regard, the bee tribe feels that we really should learn from the bees, at least when we come into contact with unknown wild animals, can we stuff it into the mouth, modern science and technology can tell us, why use their lives to make a bet? The above is all the content of the bee defense against the virus shared by the grandma bee tribe for a few days, like the friends to pay attention to, forward, leave a message, we explore the magical world of the bee together.