<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" > Chapter 1 Prehistory (about 1.7 million to 10,000 years ago).</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > Yuanmouren (about 1.7 million years ago).</h1>
Discovered in 1965 in Shangnabang Village, Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province, the Yuanmou Ape Man is an earlier human being discovered in China, dating back about 1.7 million years. Only two fossils of the maxillary lateral incisors belonging to the same individual have been found. The well-developed nodules and thick finger-like protrusions of the lower crown of these two incisors are representative of the transition from the slender type Australopithecus to Homo erectus. Fossil animals such as Chinese rhinoceros and saber-toothed elephants have also been found, as well as stone products and large amounts of charcoal chips. These coexistences reflect the fact that the Yuanmou people lived in a warm and humid climate, used stone tools, and may have learned to use fire.
Stone single knife scraper
Fossils of the upper and middle incisors of the Yuanmou people
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" > Lantian people (about 800,000 to 650,000 years ago).</h1>
Lantian Ape Man was found in Chenjiawo and Gongzhuling, Lantian County, Shaanxi From 1963 to 1964. Both belong to the Asian race and are often referred to as "Blue Field Ape Man" or "Blue Field Man". The cultural remnants of the Lantian ape man are mainly made of rough stone tools. These stone tools are mostly found in laterite layers similar to the layers of land from which the remains of apes emerge. Its types include scrapers, choppers, sharpeners, and stone chips and stone balls with traces of use. The shape and characteristics of the sharp object resemble the stone axe, a universal tool used by early humans.
Fossil skull of Lantian man
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="8" > Beijingers (about 700,000 to 200,000 years ago).</h1>
Beijingers live in an era of about 700,000 to 200,000 years. This discovery, for the first time, pushed Chinese history forward by hundreds of thousands of years. The Peking people usually form groups of dozens of people, relying on rudimentary tools and weapons to fight against nature and ferocious beasts, hunting wild animals and collecting plant fruits and rhizomes for food. In the caves where Beijingers lived, there are still a large number of broken and burned animal bones.
The development of early human beings
Peking Ape Man skull
It was discovered in 1921 at Keel Mountain, Zhoukoudian, Fangshan County, Beijing. Later, after many excavations, fossils such as skulls, skull fragments, facial bones, mandibles, and femurs were found. Among them, the first Peking man's skull was excavated in 1929, which shook the global archaeological community. Unfortunately, these precious specimens were lost in 1941. After 1949, after many excavations, some skulls and other bone fossils were found. The Peking man's skull is low and flat, and the forehead is tilted back, higher than the ape man. The average brain volume is 1043 ml, which is larger than that of ape people. The fact that their teeth are weaker and simpler than those of apes indicates that they are better than apes. However, the thicker skulls, the thicker eyebrow ridges, protruding forward, the shorter faces, the forward extension of the snout, and the thicker teeth than modern humans indicate that they have preserved a thick original form.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="13" > ding villagers (about 210,000 to 80,000 years ago).</h1>
The Ding villagers found in Linfen City, Shanxi Province, live 210,000 to 80,000 years ago. The physique of the Dingcun people is a human being between The Beijing people and modern people, belonging to the early Homo sapiens stage. According to the discovery of the Dingcun people's upper inlet teeth, the tongue surface has obviously appeared shovel-shaped, which is the most prominent feature of the modern Mongolian race's upper incisors. The most characteristic of Dingcun culture is stone products. Most stone tools are made by the anvil method, and the corners of the stone chips are too large; some stone tools are made of stone hammers, and the traces of the repair can be clearly seen on the stone chips.
Primitive stone tools
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="17" > Xujiayao people (about 100,000 to 60,000 years ago).</h1>
It was discovered in 1976 in Xujiayao Village, Yanggao County, Shanxi Province, and HoukongYao Village, Yangzhu County, Hebei Province, about 100,000 to 60,000 years ago. It belongs to the end of the Middle Pleistocene or the beginning of the Pleistocene. They generally belonged to early Homo sapiens and were already able to build more advanced stone and bone tools. As many as 14 million stone tools have been excavated, using quartz and flint as the main raw materials. Several tons of animal skeletons have been unearthed at the Xujiayao site, but not a single complete animal remains have been found.
Cave Man at the top of the mountain (about 18,000 years ago)
The cave site of the mountaintop cave is located on the top of the mountaintop of the Beijingers' ruins in Zhoukoudian, Beijing, so the people who lived here were named "Mountaintop Cave People". A large number of late Paleolithic stone tools, bone horn tools and human bone fossils have been excavated here. The Cave People lived 18,000 years ago. The excavated human bone fossils include eight men, women and children, whose physique has been very advanced, basically consistent with modern humans. It belongs to the original race, but is still in the process of forming, with the skull form of Chinese, Eskimos, and Amerindians. Therefore, the cave people on the top of the mountain can also be regarded as the common ancestor of the above several people.
The home of the cave people at the top of the mountain
Composed of residential sites, warehouses and cemeteries, it is the earliest mode of living in China and has a profound influence on the Neolithic settlement model. The earliest cemetery in China was found in the cave at the top of the mountain, indicating that at that time, the concept of burial had been formed. In addition to catching wild animals, the cave people at the top of the mountain also fished as a supplement to food. They made bone needles, learned to sew, sewed clothes from animal skins and tendons, and rich ornaments, such as piercing and dyeing them with animal teeth and small stone beads, indicating that they had aesthetic awareness. The use of drilling and grinding techniques indicates a leap in production skills.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="26" > Paleolithic (about 1.7 million to 10,000 years ago).</h1>
In the Paleolithic Age, human beings underwent the Homo erectus stage, the early Homo sapiens stage and the late Homo sapiens stage in terms of physical evolution; the physical posture gradually evolved from apes to modern humans, and the brain capacity continued to increase. The entire Paleolithic period was marked by the production of stone tools. Stone tools have developed from simple and coarse to regular and small, and the types of stone tools have been increasing, and the speed of change has gradually accelerated. The late Paleolithic also invented bone polishing techniques and bone and stone drilling techniques. From Homo erectus's use of fire and control of fire, to the invention of artificial fire by homo sapiens in the late period, this is a major advance in human history. In the late Paleolithic period, the thinking of late Homo sapiens developed by leaps and bounds, and religion and art appeared in human society.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="30" > written on the first day of the day of the day</h1> plan
Today is October 30, 2021, about decomposing the general history of China and sharing this matter in the form of pictures and texts, it has been calculated for a long time, there is no special purpose, that is, often want to write something, and happen to be interested in history. I have read some history books scatteredly, but most of them are a dynasty such as the Great Song Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, etc., and I have never calmed down to read this Chinese civilization seriously and carefully.
It is also related to the fact that I am now in a bottleneck period in my life, in fact, I am anxious, confused and overwhelmed about the future, but the more so, the more I have to calm down and do something, learn something.
"With copper as a mirror, you can wear a crown; if you use people as a mirror, you can know gains and losses; and with history as a mirror, you can know the rise and fall." I hope that everyone can learn from the gains and losses of predecessors in the long river of history, and in the long river of history spanning thousands of years, appreciate the profound and profound cultural traditions of the Chinese nation, grasp the pulse of history, dialogue with the ancients, and feel history and life.
From today onwards, every day to update a little "historical process", if you are also interested in history, or see how long I can persist, just pay attention to me.
"Life is not in the first meeting, wash away the lead is also calm; young people have Ling Yunzhi, ordinary life is also a hero." 」
Corrections are welcome