July entered the summer high temperature stage, the hot and hot heat of the water temperature continued to rise, the growth rate of aquaculture aquatic products accelerated, fish feeding was vigorous, the metabolites and residual bait in the pond water body increased sharply, the sediment deposition intensified, it is very easy to cause the water body in the ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and other toxic and harmful substances exceeded the standard, resulting in deterioration of water quality, resulting in a large number of pathogenic bacteria and parasites proliferating, becoming the cause of high incidence or concentrated outbreak of aquatic animal diseases. The forecast of aquaculture conditions in Ningxia in July 2021 is as follows:
One
Condition prediction
1. Bacterial diseases are susceptible to columnar xanthobacteriasis (bacterial gill rot), bacterial enteritis, bacterial sepsis, erythroderma and printing disease. The area of concern is high-density farms.
2. Viral blight focuses on the occurrence of koi viremia, koi herpes virus disease, carp edema disease and grass carp hemorrhagic disease.
3. Parasitic diseases are susceptible to rotifers, ringworms and anchorhead loach. The area of concern is the farms in Ningxia.
4. Non-pathogenic diseases are prone to pantang caused by hepatobiliary syndrome and hypoxia. The area of concern is the farms in Ningxia; the regionalism of large water surface aquaculture prevents the occurrence of trichonus poisoning.
Two
Prevention and control measures
(1) Preventive measures
1. Strengthen water quality management. Maintain the transparency of the water body of the breeding pond, regularly fill new water or moderate water change, control the amount of water exchange at 10 to 20%, avoid large-scale irrigation, break the relative balance of the original water body environment, add water or change the water in time to use chlorine dioxide for disinfection; often monitor the pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite of the aquaculture water body, find abnormal timely regulation; disinfect the water body every 20 days, it is recommended to use microbial preparations to regulate the water quality; the oxygen consumption of the water body increases in the high temperature season, in order to prevent the hypoxia floating head of fish, Appropriately extend the oxygenation time to ensure that the water body contains sufficient dissolved oxygen.
2. Strengthen bait management and scientific feeding. Ensure that fresh, harmless, nutritious high-quality feed is delivered. According to the specific conditions of weather and water quality, scientifically regulate the amount of bait, avoid excessive feeding of fish in the high temperature season, take into account the principle of "eating less and eating more meals", and the amount of bait should be controlled at 80% full of feeding, and regularly disinfect the feeding table. Feeding vitamin C, E and immunoglycans once a day for 3 to 5 days can enhance the autoimmunity of the fish body about half a month.
3. Strengthen daily management and pay attention to weather changes. Morning and evening patrol ponds, observe the water quality and the activities and feeding conditions of breeding objects, timely discover possible problems, and prevent and control situations such as outlier swimming alone, swimming imbalance, abnormal feeding, black body color or dead fish, timely diagnosis and treatment, prevention and treatment, prevention of spread, and reduction of losses.
(2) Therapeutic measures
1. Columnar xanthobacterium disease (bacterial gill disease) can be used to concentrate glutaraldehyde, according to the product instructions, the whole tank is spilled 2 times. It can also be accompanied by oral flufrenicol (Note: It is forbidden to sell commercial fish during the drug break period), and feed it in sufficient quantities according to the product instructions.
2. Bacterial enteritis and erythroderma can be treated with Enrofloxacin (remarks: it is forbidden to sell commercial fish during the drug suspension period), 2 times a day per kilogram of fish body, and the amount of bait feeding (100g: 10g) is 0.3g, and it is used for 3 to 5 days.
3, anchor head loach can be 0.18 ~ 0.45g / cubic meter of refined enemy insects full pool spilled, 7 days after 7 days to repeat, 15 days after a full use of a time, each interval days with the water temperature determined, when the water temperature is high, the number of days of interval is less, and vice versa.
4. When the disease of trichonus algae poisoning occurs, organic fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate should be used in time to control the total ammonia content of the aquaculture water body to be stable at 0.5 to 1.5ppm, effectively improve the water quality, reduce the PH value of the water body, increase the beneficial algae to inhibit the trichophyllum algae, and achieve the purpose of preventing and treating the trichoces algae poisoning.
5. Hepatobiliary syndrome can be fed according to the mixture of betaine (30% content) 4g, rhubarb 4g, astragalus 5g, and 5g of green leaf per kilogram of feed, and the treatment course is 10 to 15 days.
July 2021
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
Aquaculture disease predictions
Xinjiang Aquatic Technology Promotion Station
In July, the temperature and water temperature in Xinjiang were high, and aquaculture in Xinjiang entered the peak season. With the increase in the amount of bait, the increase in fish metabolites and residual bait, and the increase in toxic and harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the aquaculture water body, it is very easy to cause deterioration of water quality and frequent occurrence of diseases in farmed fish. The forecast of aquaculture conditions in Xinjiang in July 2021 is as follows:
1. Grass carp hemorrhagic disease: the pathogen is grass carp reovirus, which mainly endangers grass carp fry, the water temperature is easy to occur at 20 ~ 30 °C, 25 ~ 28 °C is the peak of the epidemic, and the main transmission route is horizontal transmission.
2. Bacterial enteritis: the water temperature above 20 °C occurs epidemic, the peak of the epidemic is 25 ~ 30 °C, often associated with bacterial gill rot disease, erythroderma and so on.
3. Wheelworm disease: mainly endangers the seed of various freshwater fish, all fish farming areas in the country, all year round, suitable water temperature of 22 ~ 29 ° C, the main symptom is the sick fish head and mouth around the white, secrete a lot of mucus.
4. Leukoplakia syndrome: the water temperature is easy to erupt at 20 °C ~ 30 °C, and the main object of occurrence is Penaeus vannamei of South America.
5. Small melon worm disease: mainly harmful to rainbow trout.
1. Precautions
(1) Strengthen daily management, frequent pond patrol and diligent observation. Regularly replace the original water quality of the pond, fill it with new water, and turn on the aerator at the right time to increase the dissolved oxygen in the water.
(2) Regularly use micro-ecological preparations to regulate water quality, and use quicklime or bleach powder to sprinkle the whole pond for aquaculture water disinfection.
(3) Scientific feeding: When feeding feed, adhere to the "four certainties" principle of quality, positioning, timing and quantity.
(4) Pay close attention to weather changes during the high temperature season, and take prevention and control measures in time when abnormalities are found. Flexible grasp of feeding amount according to weather, water quality and fish activity feeding.
(5) Timely reporting of the epidemic situation. In the production process, once a large-scale disease and a large number of deaths are found in the farmed species, it is necessary to report to the local aquatic technology promotion agency (aquatic animal disease prevention and control agency) in time, and take corresponding measures to prevent the spread of the disease.
2. Therapeutic measures
(1) Grass carp hemorrhagic disease: there is no effective treatment for the disease, the production should adhere to the principle of "prevention first", the most effective control measure is to inject grass carp hemorrhagic disease vaccine.
(2) Bacterial enteritis: every 15 days, use bleaching powder or quicklime to sprinkle disinfection around the food field. Use Chinese herbal medicine for treatment: You can choose to use Chinese herbal medicines such as Shanqing WuhuangShan, Double Yellow Bitter Ginseng Scatter, Qingban Huang Cedar Scatter, Three Yellow Scatter, Plate Blue Root Powder and Rhubarb FiveFold Zi Scatter, and the dosage is carried out according to the instructions for use.
(3) Wheel worm disease: copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) mixture of whole tank sprinkling, the dosage according to the instructions for use; each kilogram of fish weight use of thunder pill betel nut powder 0.3 ~ 0.5g, mixing feeding, continuous use of 5 to 7 times.
(4) Leukoplakia syndrome: prevention is the mainstay, and the development of the disease is prevented by improving the density of breeding, improving water quality, feeding high-quality feed and other measures.
(5) Small melon worm disease: There is no ideal treatment for small melon worm disease, and taking measures in the early stage of the disease has a certain effect. The hatching time of larvae is usually at night, that is, midnight to early morning, and is sensitive to drugs such as copper sulfate, so it is best to carry out medication at night in order to kill larvae with relatively weak resistance. At the same time of treatment, the tanks and tools for fish culture must be washed and disinfected, otherwise the sac attached to it can hatch and then infect other fish.
Aquaculture disease prediction and forecasting in Shaanxi Province
Shaanxi Aquaculture Disease Control Center
July is the month with the highest average monthly temperature in Shaanxi Province, with an average daily maximum temperature of 33 °C, an average daily minimum temperature of 22 °C, and a water temperature between 25 and 28 °C. Summer is the peak season for fish growth, and various farmed species have a large amount of food and a fast growth rate. The weather is changeable, prone to heavy rain and thunderstorms, we must pay close attention to the changes in the weather and aquaculture water bodies, do a good job of water quality monitoring, timely regulation, and prevent flood pond accidents. The main breeding diseases that are prone to occur in Shaanxi Province are grass carp "three diseases", bacterial sepsis, wheel worm disease, ring worm disease, anchor head loach disease and other diseases.
1. Grass carp: prone to gill rot, enteritis, red skin disease, wheelworm disease, etc., focusing on the main breeding areas in Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi.
2. Carp: gill rot disease, red skin disease, wheelworm disease, etc., pay attention to the main breeding area of Shaanxi Province.
3. Silver carp: bacterial sepsis, anchor head flea disease, focusing on the main breeding area of Shaanxi Province.
4. Seedlings: white-headed white-tailed disease, wheelworm disease, focusing on the main breeding area of Shanxi Province.
1. Strengthen water quality management. Pond aquaculture should maintain the transparency of the water body greater than 25 cm, if the water transparency is less than 25 cm, should be timely water change, each time the water change 10 to 20%, after the water change using chlorine dioxide, iodine preparations and other drugs strict disinfection; often monitor the aquaculture water quality physical and chemical factors pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite; usually pay attention to oxygenation, to ensure that the aquaculture water body sufficient dissolved oxygen.
2. Scientific feeding, to ensure that the bait is fresh and harmless, regularly disinfect the feeding table, reduce the amount of bait, and avoid over-feeding of fish in the high temperature season. Vitamins C and E are fed every 10 days or so to enhance the disease resistance of farmed animals and prevent diseases.
3. Strengthen daily management. Insist on patrolling the pond more than twice a day in the morning and evening, pay attention to observing the water quality and the activities and feeding conditions of the breeding objects, timely discover various adverse factors that induce fish diseases, and take effective preventive measures.
4. Strengthen disease monitoring, pay attention to observing fish activities, feeding and other situations during daily inspections, and deal with the situation of outliers, swimming imbalance, abnormal feeding, abnormal body color or lesions in a timely manner; find dead fish to deal with them in time to prevent the spread of diseases, avoid the decomposition of dead fish carcasses and cause pollution to the water environment, timely collect disease samples and send them to the laboratory of the aquatic animal disease prevention and control station (center) in the county and district, and treat them according to the laboratory test results and recommendations.
Three
Therapeutic measures
1. Treatment of gill rot:
(1) Use Chinese herbal medicine for treatment: you can choose to use Chinese herbal medicines such as double yellow bitter ginseng powder, green plate yellow cedar powder, three yellow powder, plate blue root powder, rhubarb powder, rhubarb coddew powder and rhubarb five-fold seed powder, and the dosage is carried out according to the instructions for use.
(2) Treatment with quinolones: 15 mg to 20 mg of enrofloxacin once a day per kilogram of body weight, for 3 days; or other antibacterial drugs for aquaculture as prescribed by the state, but must be used symptomatically.
2. Enteritis Treatment:
With gill rot or each feeding of thiamphenicol powder (specification of 100g: 5g) 0.35g, for 3 to 5 days.
3. Treatment of wheelworm disease:
(1) Use 0.3g to 0.5g of thunder pill betel nut powder per kilogram of fish weight, mix and feed, and use it for 5 to 7 times.
(2) The whole tank is sprinkled with copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2), and the fresh water makes the pool water 0.7mg/L.
4. Anchorhead Bream Disease Treatment:
(1) Per cubic meter of water, use 20% refined dimethoate powder 0.18g ~ 0.45g water dissolved solution to sprinkle the whole tank. To kill the larvae of the anchorhead loach in the pond, according to the lifespan and reproductive characteristics of the anchorhead loach, it is necessary to continuously drug 2 to 3 times, and the number of days between each interval depends on the water temperature, generally 7 days, and the number of days after high water temperature intervals is less; conversely, it is more.
(2) Potassium permanganate aqueous solution medicinal bath, according to the grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp to potassium permanganate resistance is different, should be treated separately. For diseased grass carp, at a water temperature of 15 °C to 20 °C, use a concentration of 20 mg/L; when the water temperature is 21 °C ~ 30 °C, use a concentration of 10 mg/L, and a medicinal bath for 1.5 to 2 hours. For diseased silver carp and bighead carp, when the water temperature is below 10 °C, use a concentration of 33 mg/L; when the water temperature is 10 °C ~ 20 °C, use a concentration of 20 mg/L; when the water temperature is above 30 °C, use a concentration of 10 mg/L, and the medicinal bath is 1 hour, which can kill the larvae and adults of anchorhead loach.
Aquaculture disease prediction and forecasting in Gansu Province
Gansu Provincial Center for The Prevention and Control of Aquatic Animal Diseases
In July, the average temperature in Gansu is expected to be between 18 °C and 32 °C. Aquaculture will enter the peak production season this month, the harmful bacteria in the cultured water body will multiply rapidly, and the degree of harm caused by bacterial diseases and parasitic diseases will continue to increase. All farms should strengthen daily management to prevent the occurrence of fish diseases, salmon trout farms continue to do a good job in the prevention and control of infectious hematopoietic organ necrosis, the purchase of seeds must go through the quarantine of the place of origin, and it is strictly forbidden to introduce seeds from the epidemic area.
1. Grass carp, carp, crucian carp, silver carp: common susceptible diseases are gill rot, enteritis, printing disease, anchor head loach disease, wheel worm, tapeworm and other diseases. Focus on Zhangye, Jiuquan, Lanzhou, Baiyin, Linxia, Qingyang, Pingliang and other regional farms.
2. Sturgeon: prone to water mold disease, enteritis disease, focusing on The Hanpingzui Reservoir in Wenxian County, Longnan Prefecture, Jiudianxia Reservoir in Zhuoni County, Gannan Prefecture, and Liujiaxia Reservoir in Yongjing County, Linxia Prefecture.
3. Rainbow trout: prone to water mold disease, infectious hematopoietic organ necrosis and other diseases. Focus on Yongchang, Linze, Yongdeng flowing water pond farms and Longnan District Wenxian Hanpingzui Reservoir, Gannan Prefecture Zhuoni County Jiudianxia Reservoir, Linxia Prefecture Yongjing County Liujiaxia Reservoir.
Strengthen daily management, frequent patrols of ponds, and diligent observation. Regularly replace the original water quality of the pond, fill it with new water, open the aerator in a timely manner, increase the dissolved oxygen in the water, regularly use micro-ecological preparations to regulate the water quality, and use quicklime or bleach powder to sprinkle the whole pond for disinfection of the aquaculture water body. During the high temperature season, we pay close attention to weather changes and take prevention and control measures in a timely manner when abnormalities are found.
1. Prevention and treatment of enteritis: enrofloxacin 10 to 30mg per kilogram of fish body, mixed with feed feeding, once a day, for 7 days.
2. Prevention and control of printing disease: 8% chlorine dioxide 0.1~0.3g per cubic water body, sprinkle the whole pool once every 15 days.
3. Prevention and control of wheel worm disease: the whole pool is poured with alcohol to make enemy insect solution, the concentration is 0.1 ~ 0.2g / cubic meter, 3 ~ 5 days for a course of treatment.
4. Necrosis of infectious hematopoietic organs
Prevention methods: quicklime or bleach powder is used to disinfect breeding facilities, means of transport, breeding tools, breeding water, etc., and to isolate and raise diseased fish to limit the spread of the virus. Chinese herbs such as rhubarb can be added to the feed to increase the immunity of the fish body.
Epidemic treatment: Farms that have been infected with infectious hematopoietic organ necrosis should be immediately isolated and farmed; production tools and means of transport should be strictly disinfected, dead fish buried deeply, and must not be discarded at will; sick fish are not allowed to be shipped and sold, and the epidemic situation is reported in accordance with relevant procedures.
Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Aquatic Technology Promotion Station
According to the forecast of the Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory, the average temperature in mid-June 2021 is mostly low in northern Xinjiang, slightly lower in most of southern Xinjiang, and slightly more precipitation in most of Xinjiang. It is expected that the temperature in most parts of Xinjiang will be slightly lower in July, and the water temperature for aquaculture will also be slightly lower. July is the peak season for fish growing, with large feeding volumes, high water temperatures and deteriorating water quality. According to the disease monitoring data of previous years, July is in the period of high incidence of fish diseases, this period is dominated by bacterial diseases, accompanied by a certain amount of parasitic diseases, management and water quality monitoring should be strengthened, the amount of feeding should be controlled, effective measures should be taken to regulate water quality, and fish disease prevention should be done.
1. Grass carp: prone to red skin disease, enteritis, gill rot, freshwater fish bacterial sepsis, etc., focusing on the first, fourth, sixth, eighth and twelfth divisions.
2. Carp: prone to gill rot, etc., focusing on the first, fourth, sixth and eighth divisions.
3. Crucian carp: prone to bacterial sepsis of freshwater fish, focusing on the sixth, eighth and tenth divisions.
4. Silver carp: prone to gill rot disease, freshwater fish bacterial sepsis, etc., focusing on the fourth, sixth and eighth divisions.
1. Strengthen feeding management, moderately increase the amount and frequency of water exchange, use microbial preparations to regulate water quality, and maintain good water quality conditions in breeding ponds.
2. Regularly disinfect the water body, sprinkle the whole pool with quicklime 1 to 2 times (after turning into lime milk and sprinkle), the concentration is 15 ~ 20mg / L, or disinfect with chlorine dioxide, the dosage is according to the instructions.
1. Gill rot disease: it is recommended to mix allicin or thiamphenicol for 3 to 6 days, and the dosage refers to the instructions.
2. Bacterial sepsis of freshwater fish: The disease is currently mainly preventive, it is best to inject or soak the water-loving aeromonas vaccine before the fish species are in the pond, and use it according to the product instructions. If the disease occurs, it is recommended to sprinkle the whole pool of chlorine dioxide (see the instructions for use) and use it again every other day; at the same time, the pure Chinese medicine powder "three yellow powder (that is, rhubarb, yellow cedar, skullcap are 50%, 30%, 20% respectively)", according to the amount of 1% (severe cases can be increased to 1.5%) mixed into the feed feeding, according to the severity of the disease continuous feeding for 5 to 7 days for 1 course, after the symptoms disappear and then insist on feeding 1 to 2 days of bait. Baiting and spraying disinfectant cannot be carried out at the same time, and the bait should be thrown first and then the drug should be poured.
3. Enteritis: It is recommended to feed thiamphenicol powder (specification of 100g: 5g) 0.35g per kilogram of fish body weight each time with bait, 2 to 3 times a day, for 3 to 5 days.
4. Erythroderma: It is recommended to take one of two ways of treatment:
(1) The use of Chinese herbal medicine for treatment, you can choose to use double yellow bitter ginseng powder, mountain green five yellow scatter, root lotus detoxification powder, plus or minus elimination yellow scatter and green white powder and other Chinese herbal medicine treatment, the dosage is carried out according to the instructions for use.
(2) Treatment with sulfonamides, per kilogram of fish body weight daily feeding sulfamine methoxypyrimidine sodium powder (measured in sodium sulfadiazine, specification of 10%) 80 ~ 160mg (the first dosage is doubled), continuous use for 4 to 6 days.
Aquaculture disease prediction in Jilin Province
Jilin Provincial Aquatic Technology Promotion Station
Jilin Province after July with the temperature rises and into the volt weather, the water temperature up to 30 °C, the weather is sweltering and hot at the same time the water dissolved oxygen saturation gradually decreased, in the hypoxia and organic matter action, parasitic diseases, bacterial diseases and other a large number of outbreaks, at this time pay attention to the correct use of the method of timely opening aerator, early detection of fish diseases, etc., do a good job of prevention and monitoring, so as not to cause economic losses. The common diseases and their prevention and treatment methods are analyzed as follows:
(1) Grass carp: prone to grass carp hemorrhagic disease, hepatobiliary syndrome, parasitic diseases (wheelworm, three generations of insects, ringworms, anchor head fleas, fish lice, etc.).
(2) Carp: prone to koi herpes virus disease, gill mold disease, bacterial disease, parasitic disease (wheelworm, three-generation insect, ringworm, anchor head flea, fish lice, etc.).
(3) Crucian carp: prone to bacterial enteritis, bacterial gills, parasitic diseases (wheelworms, three generations of insects, ringworms, anchor fleas, fish lice, etc.).
(4) Silver carp and bighead carp: susceptible to bacterial gills, as well as parasitic diseases such as wheelworms, third-generation insects, ringworms, and Chinese fleas.
1. The breeding pond should be disinfected with tools; the water quality should be adjusted or filled with new water in time, and the pond water should be disinfected regularly with chlorine preparations, iodine preparations or quicklime to maintain an excellent water quality environment; and the oxygen should be started in a timely manner.
2. Appropriately reduce the density of aquaculture, pay attention to weather changes, reduce stress response, strengthen pond patrols, and take timely measures to find the disease.
3. Improve feed quality, add immunogidosaccharides to feed to improve the disease resistance of aquatic animals; control the amount of feed feeding, but do not feed in excess.
4. Purchase quarantined fry and fingerlings to effectively prevent the spread of parasitic diseases, and disinfect them with salt or potassium permanganate bath before stocking.
(2) Treatment methods
1. Viral diseases
At present, there are no effective drugs for the treatment of the virus, and only prevention can be mainly used, or injectable vaccines to improve the immunity of fish.
2. Bacterial diseases
Polyvidone iodine or fishing drugs with high iodine content should be sprinkled in the whole pond, or a large dose of chlorine dioxide should be sprinkled in the whole pond with high chlorine content, so that the fish disease can be effectively controlled. Enrofloxacin and other drugs can be added to the feed for feeding, and at the same time, traditional Chinese medicine preparations such as liver protection and liver protection can be used, and then combined with water quality improvers to improve water quality and control water environment.
3. Parasitic diseases
Parasitic diseases should first be treated from the pathogen, first killing insects and then killing bacteria. Use the national standard insecticidal fishing drug to sprinkle the whole pond. After 1 to 2 days apart, the whole pool is disinfected with chlorine or iodine-containing preparations to prevent secondary infection with bacterial diseases. Avoid significant losses caused by fish disease outbreaks.