Text: Tachiaki Idle Man (Shigeba Shinichi Original Team Member)
In traditional Chinese culture, Zhuge Liang is a near-perfect figure. Later generations, all the families and sects wanted to characterize Zhuge Liang in order to be included in their own schools.
Throughout Zhuge Liang's life (June 5, 181 – October 8, 234), his gentlemanly character and loyalty to "bow down and die later" were recognized as Confucians; his way of governing the country and the policy of "no punishment at the top and no courtesy at the bottom" were recognized as Dharma; his immortal wind Dao bones and the image of "dense as a ghost god, as fast as the wind and thunder" were recognized as Taoists. Zhuge Liang's recognition as a Confucian or a Lawyer has a certain truth; being identified as a Taoist is highly debatable. Zhuge Liang's Confucianism is mainly embodied in the Book of Commandments. The whole book is less than 100 words, but it is full of pure teachings and earnest hopes for his son, and classic sentences such as "quiet to cultivate oneself, frugality to cultivate morality", "non-tranquility has no clear aspirations, non-tranquility can not go far" and other classic sentences have been recited by the world. As the scholar Zeng Shiqiang said: The Fa is just the foundation of Confucianism, and the Addition of the word "by conscience" becomes Confucianism. As in the Analects of shuer: "Aspirations to the Tao, according to virtue, according to benevolence, and to travel in art." Generally speaking, as long as we have a conscience, Confucianism and the Fa are more or less one, and there is no obvious difference.
The reason why Zhuge Liang is said to be the heir of the Fa's ideology and a typical Fa-family is because he has adopted the main ideological line of the Fa-family in the principle of governing the country and the army.
Among the Fa-masters, Shang Martin, Prudent Zhi, and Shen Bu Harm advocated heavy fa, heavy potential, and heavy techniques, respectively, with their own characteristics. Law refers to laws and decrees, which is a sound legal system that must be observed by subjects; potential refers to power, is the power of the monarch, and must monopolize the military and political power; and magic refers to the art of power, which is the strategy and means of controlling the imperial subjects, grasping political power, and implementing laws and regulations, and it is necessary to detect and prevent committing disturbances and maintain the status of the monarch.
Therefore, Shang Martin valued the formulation of rewards and punishments, advocating the use of severe punishments to put an end to crimes; being cautious and paying attention to the situation, paying attention to status and power is the objective condition of the king's subjects, and regarding the monarch's power as the power of the law; Shen did not harm the heavy techniques, preferring the king's control and control of the means and strategies of the subjects, and suggested that the king should rule by means of "looking alone", "listening alone", and "making decisions". Han Fei, as the master of the ideas of the Legalists, took both the various schools, advocated that the three aspects of law, technique, and potential complement each other and should not be abandoned, and also absorbed Taoist thought, put forward the idea of "holding the law and dealing with the situation and ruling the rule", and established a complete theoretical system of rule of law. In particular, Han Fei transformed Lao Tzu's doctrine of "Tao" and put forward the category of "reason", believing that Tao is the general law of the development of all things, and reason is the special law of individual things, emphasizing that people must follow objective laws. In particular, the Shang Martingale Heavy Law can quickly turn a weak country into a strong country, and can lay the foundation for the unification of the world in future generations. The Law of Shang Martin refers to the law formulated by Shang Martin in Qin, and its main contents are: heavy sentences for misdemeanors, rewards for adultery, the implementation of the law of clan condemnation and joint sitting, and the increase of corporal punishment. The Shang martingale transformation method refers to the two changes in 356 BC and 350 BC, and the Duke xiao of Qin appointed shang martingale and changed the system in the Qin state. Its main contents: promulgation of the "Book of Laws", promulgation of the system of the twentieth rank, emphasis on agriculture and suppression of commerce, rewarding farming and weaving, burning Confucian classics, implementing the individual small family system and abolishing the well field system, implementing the county system, moving the capital to Xianyang, unifying the system of weights and measures, compiling household registrations, and implementing the small family policy.
When he was cultivating Nanyang, when Zhuge Liang compared himself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi as a person, he was not recognized by the people at that time, after all, it did not cost any cost to speak; after Mao Lu came out, Zhuge Liang's self-controlled policy of governing the country and the army caused controversy among later generations, and in the end, action was necessary to pay a price. There is no doubt that Zhuge Liang is the Fa or the heir to the Ideas of the Fa. However, which faction of Zhuge Liang's lineage fa masters, or the heavy law or the heavy force or the heavy technique, or the combination of the three of heavy law, heavy potential, and heavy technique, is worthy of scrutiny.
Author's Note: The collection of achievements refers to the integration of the advantages and achievements of all aspects to achieve a degree of completeness. Zhuge Liang, from self-comparison, practice, inheritance of the ideas of the Fa. Especially after entering the army, in the process of assisting Liu Bei's father and son, Zhuge Liang even carried forward the ideas of the Fa family and made himself a master of the Fa family. As the saying goes: blue is better than blue.