On January 13, 2021, the journal of ecology, World Ecology, published an academic article titled "A New Species of the Genus Tricera [jì] in Sichuan Province, China(Pterodactylidae: Pseudacrinidae)". In order to thank the actors Hu Ge and Gu Tianle for their contributions to environmental protection and basic education in the mountainous areas of western China, the author named the new species of the family Nemoura hugekootinlokorum Wang & Meng, sp. nov., which was found in the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in southwest China.
In the article introducing the species, it is written that, following Article 31.1.2 of the International Statute of Zoological Nomenclature (4th Edition), this new species discovered in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in southwest China is named after the pinyin "Hu Ge" of the hu ge name, the pinyin "Koo Tin-lok" of the name of Gu Tianle, and the Latinized suffix "-orum", in order to praise their outstanding contributions to environmental protection and basic education in the mountainous areas of western China.
So, what exactly is the doorway to insect naming?
The naming of animals is a science. A nomenclature is a set of criteria for giving an animal or taxonomical fauna a scientific name and corresponding author and date, and to adjust the relationship between previously given names.
The modern concept of biological nomenclature was pioneered by Linnaeus. In his tenth edition of Natural Systems in 1758, he codified a unified procedure for the application of certain groups of fauna to certain groups of fauna by others, as well as a system he himself had created for plants. This is the two-life method, which gives each animal a simplified name, including a genus name and a species name.
The first letter of the genus name is capitalized, the species name is lowercase, and the surname of the definite species is capitalized with the first letter. Sometimes there is a subspecies name after the species name, which is also lowercase. All of these, constituting the scientific names of the animal species, are written in Latin or Latinized script. In this way, it is used to identify the modern, unique, and clear system of names for each animal.
In 1842, the British Association for the Advancement of Science, which developed what became known as the "Stricklandian Code", some of the general principles of the statute, which were widely adopted, became the general basis of all subsequent statutes.
From the middle to the end of the nineteenth century, national animal naming conventions were made in various countries. By the late nineteenth century, developments required a universal set of international rules. After several proposals and revisions, it was adopted at the Fifteenth International Conference on Zoology in London in July 1958 and published in English and French. So far, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature has set a new standard for international cooperation.
As mentioned above, the scientific names of species in all biological worlds, including insects, are composed of 2 Latin words, one is a genus name and one is a species name. Examples include dendrolimus (genus names) and punctatus (species names), which require the italics Dendrolimus punctatus when written. Genus names are derived primarily from Latin or Greek names, place names, characteristics, original places of origin, or in honor of someone (named after that person). Species names are mainly used to express morphology, characteristics, traits, colors, ecological habits, origins, and uses, and can also be added to personal names (for commemoration) or local names.
Dendrolimus punctatus Walker Horsetail Pine Caterpillar
But sometimes you will find that some scientific names are followed by words (such as Walker), so what the words behind them represent depends on how they are written.
First of all, you should notice that the initials of genus names are uppercase, the initials of species names are lowercase, and early scholars would capitalize the initials of species names, but now all canonical lowercases.
1. If it is followed by another word that still begins with a lowercase letter and is italicized, it represents a subspecies name. For example, Dendrolimus punctatus punctatus (full italics).
2. If it is followed by a word that begins with a capital letter and is in orthography, it means the namer. Of course, the name of the namer will also appear after the subspecies name, such as Dendrolimus punctatus punctatus (Walker), under which there can be many subspecies.
3. You may have noticed that the namer has a parenthesis, this is of special significance, there are parentheses to indicate that the name of the person who put this species, that is, the guy named punchoutatus, in another genus, was moved by later scholars to the genus dendrolimus you see now, which is a recombined name (the name of the scholar who later moved this species is generally not written on the name, and it is necessary to check the information separately). For example, some women in countries and regions, after marriage, the full name is to be changed, the full name before marriage is, her father's surname plus her own name, after marriage, it will be changed to her husband's surname, and her own name does not change. The nominee without parentheses means that the species has not moved the genus.
4. Sometimes there is a special way of writing names, and in the middle of the two words that you usually see, there is also a word with an italic initials capitalized, that is, 3 words. The word sandwiched in the middle is bracketed, unlike the one of the subspecies, and indicates a subgenus (a genus can be divided into multiple subgenera). For example, dendrolimus (dendrolimus) punctatus. Of course, this can also be followed by a named person.
The most complex way to write the masson pine caterpillar is Dendrolimus (dendrolimus) punctatus punctatus (Walker). It represents a species named punctatus by the walker, which now belongs to the dendrolimus subgenus of the genus Dendrolimus, and is considered a subspecies of the punctatus species.
Nemoura hugekootinlokorum Wang & Meng, sp. nov.）
So back to the Hugu fork, this insect. Take a look at its English name Nemoura hugekootinlokorum Wang & Meng, sp. Nov. Divide it into several levels.
1. Nemoura is a genus name.
2.Hugekootinlokorum is the English name of Hu Ge and Gu Tianle, with the Latin suffix of orum added to it, becoming a species name for praise.
3.Wang & Meng is the last name of the discoverer
4.sp.nov. is Latin species nova, English new species, new species
In addition, compared with the perfect international animal naming regulations, China's insect naming work started late. For a long time, the application of names was extremely uneven. For example: Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen). Before the third century BC, it was called a mantis [zhōng], and in a historical record in the Chronicle of History, it was called a locust, and it has been used since then. A German entomologist named it Acrydium manilensis Meyen in a paper published in 1835. In the early twentieth century, Chinese scholars called it differently, calling it the East Asian Flying Locust, the East Asian Flying Locust, the Chinese Flying Locust, the Migratory Locust, the Asian Flying Locust, and so on. It was not until 1956, the publication of The Name of the Insect, that it was unified. This shows how important it is to establish a unified, common, scientific name. This is the first step in the classification of animals of any kind, and only after giving the unmistakable names of these animals can we use this as a starting point to find common characteristics between species of the same genus or distinguish the differences between different genera species, and then conduct a deeper study.
Entomology, as a branch of zoology, is subordinate to the international principle of animal nomenclature. According to international regulations and combined with China's national conditions, the book "Insect Names" has become the naming rules for insects in China. Four principles for the validation of names are listed in the sequence:
(1) The original name and the common name shall be retained if it is common and inconsistent;
2. Formulate the middle name according to the characteristics, habits or origin of the adult or larvae of the species;
3. The host name should be used as much as possible, and when there are multiple hosts, the most important of them will be selected
4. Try to formulate the middle name according to the etymology or meaning of the original text.
The formulation of principles makes the naming of insects well-founded, and the titles of Chinese tend to be short, clear and systematic.
bibliography:
HOU Jiang. 1994. Origin of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the Status of Insect Nomenclature in China. "Sichuan Cultural Relics". p.61
Sogou.com.https://wenwen.sogou.com/z/q838158668.htm?ch=fromnewwenwen.pc
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