The history of Shanxi is made up in this way
Shanxi has a long history and has an important and unique position in Chinese history. As the birthplace of the Chinese nation, the melting pot of national integration, the longxing land of the Tang Dynasty, the base camp of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the center of the War of Resistance Behind enemy lines in North China, Shanxi is famous in China and overseas for its unique geographical location, resolute and simple spiritual outlook, and glorious and great achievements.
In ancient times, Shanxi was the origin of the first dawn of mankind, and the fossil of the "Century Shu Ape" of Yuncheng Yuanqu pushed forward the time of the appearance of the ape by 10 million years; Shanxi was the starting point of the transmission of the Chinese sacred fire, and the burning bones of the Ruicheng Xihoudu cultural site pushed forward the history of human fire found in China by 1 million years; Shanxi is the "straight root" in the general root system of the Chinese nation, and the site of Xiangfen Tao Temple has erected a great monument of 5,000 years of Chinese civilization. Yao Shunyu's activity center is in Shanxi, Yaozhi Pingyang, Shunzhi Pusaka, Yu Zhi'an Yi, creating the political center of the ancient era and the world's envied Xia culture. Yao Shun's Zen style and Dayu's water-controlling spirit are deeply rooted in the blood of Yanhuang people, and have become the virtues passed down by word of mouth of the Chinese nation, the benchmark for judging political prosperity, and the driving force for future generations to struggle.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shanxi was first the seat of the Jin State, one of the five hegemons, and the three Jin Dynasties after the separation were all great powers in the world. From the powerful restoration of emperor Wen hou of Jin, to the powerful restoration of Emperor Wen of Jin, to the succession of Wen Shaowu to the expansion of xinjiang and territory by The Duke of Jin, to the fact that Duke Wen of Jin abandoned his grievances and ren xianju to do good deeds and help, rectified the administration of officials and rewarded reclamation, reformed the military system and stabilized the government, laid the foundation for the century-old hegemony of the Jin state, accumulated the experience of abandoning debts and thin debts, relieving the lack of stagnation, light and easy roads, trade and leniency, sharp weapons and wisdom, and the use of good life in the province, showing the ruling mind of the ancestors, pioneering and enterprising, and benevolent governance.
The Battle of Changping between Qin and the State of Zhao in Shanxi in the process of unifying China was a crucial battle in the history of the Warring States in which the two countries with the most powerful power to unify China competed for the initiative, and it was also a turning point in the world from national war to reunification, which greatly accelerated the process of reunification. After Qin unified China, the First Emperor made three rounds of jin, placing five of the thirty-six counties in Shanxi. After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, the tragic epic poems of Wei Qing's Seven Huns and Huo's Sixth Northern Expedition were performed. Emperor Wu made seven tours of Shanxi, six after the earth, and wrote the magnificent "Autumn Wind Speech". The wei and Jin divisions shrouded the sea, until the northern and southern dynasties were divided, the "Five Hu Chaos", frequent wars and chaos, and the destruction of civilians, but objectively contributed to the trend of national integration. In the history of the formation of the Chinese nation, Shanxi is the melting pot of national integration, the main activities of the inward migration of ethnic groups are in Shanxi, the integration began in Shanxi, and then became Shanxi, especially the powerful Tuoba clan and other northern nationalities gathered in the land of the Three Jins, creating Shanxi to become a big stage for national conquest and national integration.
After the Sui Dynasty experienced the sudden decline of Longjian, the Tang Dynasty rose up at the right time. Shanxi was the place where Li Yuan raised his army and the source of the Tang Dynasty. After the "rule of Zhenguan", the Tang Dynasty achieved the only empress Wu Zetian in Chinese history. Wu Zetian designated Jinyang (Taiyuan), known as the "elite soldier of the world" and revered as "the foundation of the king's industry and the foundation of the country", as the capital of the country, interpreting the important position of Shanxi. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, Li Longji, who had the talent of the heavens and the earth, won a good reputation in Luzhou as a "virtuous government, good officials and subordinates, and love for the people". After Li Longji returned to the throne, he humbly accepted advice and made great efforts to govern the Tang Dynasty into a "Kaiyuan prosperous world" with stable political situation, economic prosperity, and cultural prosperity. In the stable political environment of the Tang Dynasty, agriculture, handicrafts, and commerce in Hedong Province have developed greatly, becoming a granary of "the capital of the state" and a market street of "the use of the country".
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, wars were frequent, and the masses rose up together, forming several separatist forces in the Yellow River Valley, which gradually became five generations and ten kingdoms. In the Five Dynasties, the Later Tang, later Jin, and Later Han dynasties were all Shatuo Dynasties established based in Taiyuan, and the Northern Han Dynasty in the Ten Kingdoms was in Shanxi. In the chaos of division, Shanxi became the main town of the strong clan that competed for the world, and "the prosperity was followed by the service, and the decline was the first to rebel", showing the advantage of the strong who should fight and dominate.
After Chen Qiao mutinied Zhao Kuangyin and established himself as emperor, the Zhao song regime fought a 19-year-long struggle and conquest with the Northern Han regime in Shanxi. Zhao Kuangyin sent troops to the Northern Han Dynasty three times, and even used cruel methods to irrigate Jinyang, but the city of Jinyang remained unmoved, and the conceited Zhao Kuangyin did not realize the conquest of the Northern Han dynasty and the unification of Shanxi until his death. After Zhao Guangyi succeeded to the throne, he personally marched and exchanged the methods of "besieging the city to fight for aid" and attacking and shooting wildly, and finally took Jinyang. The Khitan and Jurchen peoples on horseback in the north, which border Shanxi, were able to conquer the war and have always coveted the Central Plains, and Shanxi has borne the brunt of it as the most deeply disturbed area. Due to the long-term conquests during the Song and Liao dynasties, especially the wars of the Northern Han Dynasty, Shanxi became a well-known ancient battlefield, leaving behind a large number of ancient war sites.
During the Jin Yuan Period, after Yan Aku was called Emperor Jianjin, he invaded the south twice on a large scale, and everywhere he went, the lives were ruined, and the people did not have a good life. The people of Shanxi have organized rebels to rise up against Jin, leaving behind an epic poem of anti-Jin that can be sung and wept. After the "Shaoxing Peace Conference", the entire territory of Shanxi was occupied by Jin. Soon, the Mongols on the desert steppe took the opportunity to rise, Temujin unified the desert north, established the Mongol Empire, and began the anti-Jin war, and Shanxi became the focus of the Mengjin contention. Temujin personally conquered Datong in Western Beijing twice, and the Mongol army carried out a strategic occupation of Shanxi five times until the destruction of Jin unified the north. The protracted tug-of-war caused great damage to Shanxi and brought unspeakable suffering to the people of Li. However, it is precisely in this rapidly changing and turbulent historical change and great fusion that the people of Shanxi have accepted the relocated ethnic groups again and again, formed a rich and diverse regional culture, and demonstrated the vitality and vitality of inclusiveness in the baptism of sword and fire.
After Zhu Yuanzhang established Daming in Nanjing, he adopted a series of policies to consolidate his rule; after the "Wanli Qingzhang" alleviated the burden of "landless grain collection," the policy of resettlement and reclamation was implemented, and Shanxi, which was less damaged by war, became the main area for migrants to move out, and the number of immigrants who took the Large Locust Tree in Hongdong as the meeting point reached dozens of times, and the number of people was nearly one million, and they were immigrants who had been emigrants for a long period of time, organized, planned, large-scale, and large-scale in China's history. Large-scale migration not only effectively promotes land development and resource utilization in the Central Plains, but also effectively promotes economic and cultural exchanges between regions. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, in order to prevent the invasion of remnants of the Yuan forces, the government set up a "nine-sided" town on the northern border defense line that stretched for thousands of miles, thus forming a huge military supply market and providing opportunities for the rise of Jin merchants. The implementation of the "Kaizhong Law" by the Later Ming government also provided policy guarantees for the rise of Jinshang, thus opening up the business journey of Jinshang "footprint half the world" and "profit across Europe and Asia". In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the Mongol and Han sides eliminated the war and "sealed the tribute to each other", which provided an opportunity for the prosperity of Jin merchants for secondary development. Jinshang firmly grasped these once-in-a-lifetime favorable opportunities, operated in good faith, pioneered and innovated, and soon developed its business scope to all parts of the country.
After the Clearance, Shanxi was the main anti-Qing province in the north. After Jiang Wan, the commander-in-chief of Ming Datong Town, surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, he rose up against the Qing Dynasty, giving birth to the raging fire of the anti-Qing resistance in Shanxi. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial court adopted a relatively relaxed policy on Mongolian-Han trade, which created an opportunity for Shanxi merchants to march into the vast area of the desert north and south of the desert, and promoted the rise of Shanxi merchants in Mongolia. After the signing of the "Kyakhta Treaty" between China and Russia, Jin merchants relied on the pivotal position of Sino-Russian trade in Kyakhta to enter a heyday, not only in the northern and western border areas, but also in the major cities in the south and east; not only became the largest merchant gang in the country, but also developed from domestic businessmen to foreign businessmen, going abroad, and wedging into the international markets such as Central Asia, Russia, Korea, and Japan. The peak of Jinshang's development was the establishment of ticket numbers. Pingyao businessman Lei Lutai founded the "Rishengchang" ticket number, trying to replace the gold and silver payment methods that have been practiced for thousands of years with financial instruments. "A piece of paper of letters passed on remotely, ten thousand two silver set", in a short period of time, won the reputation of "Huitong World" and "Kyushu Lilai".
In modern times, Shanxi was the first province to contribute to the democratic revolution. After the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, Shanxi was the only revolutionary province north of the Yellow River. In the early days of the Republic of China, Shanxi experienced the brief chaos of Jin Yongchao and Jin, and after the establishment of Yan Xishan's rule, various economic and social undertakings were on the right track, especially the achievements in village government construction, and were designated as a national model province by the Beijing government. The Second Theater of Operations was announced by the Nationalist Government as a model theater, especially after the Eighth Route Army went to the shanxi anti-Japanese front, the Xinkou Campaign launched by the Second Theater to resist the Southern Invasion of the Japanese Army was a model of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, crushing the dream of the Japanese army to destroy China in three months. After the fall of Taiyuan, Shanxi gradually became a strategic fulcrum of the battlefield behind enemy lines in North China. Under the strong occupation of North China, East China, Central China, and South China by the Japanese Army, the Nationalist army still controlled part of the territory in Zhongtiao Mountain and southwestErn Jin, and the Eighth Route Army even opened up three major guerrilla base areas behind enemy lines from the land lost by the Nationalist Army, namely Jin-Cha-Ji, Jin-Sui, and Jin-Ji-Luyu, and was deeply trapped in the ocean of the Japanese army's people's war. During the eight years of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the people of Shanxi made tremendous sacrifices and made major contributions to the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War of the Chinese. In the early days of the Liberation War, in order to win the fruits of victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the CCP boldly launched the Shangdang Campaign and won the political chips in chongqing negotiations. After the outbreak of the all-out civil war, Shanxi became the strategic rear of the external operations, successively mobilizing a million peasants to support the front, 100,000 young people to join the army, and 10,000 cadres to go north to the south; and successively launched the Yuncheng Campaign, the Linfen Campaign, the Jinzhong Campaign, and the Taiyuan Campaign on the inner front, in order to destroy the momentum of decay, end Yan Xishan's rule in Shanxi, and effectively support the liberation war of the whole country.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Shanxi became one of the four major industrial bases in the country, and shanxi had one of the 156 projects built with the assistance of the Soviet Union. During the period of socialist transformation, Shanxi took the lead in setting up agricultural cooperatives on a trial basis, providing valuable experience for the national agricultural co-operation. During the period of national economic readjustment, in order to solve the problem of grain shortage, Shanxi formulated the goal of building "two fifteen million mu of high-yield and stable-yielding fields." In the process of asking for grain from barren mountains and bald ridges, a large number of advanced models of agricultural production emerged. After the reform and opening up, Shanxi has gradually become the energy base of the whole country, and the transfer of tens of billions of tons of coal has greatly supported the modernization of the whole country.