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Confucianism and Taoism are the two major sources of traditional Chinese culture, and under the long-standing ideological infiltration of the two schools of Confucianism and Taoism, the unique feelings of Chinese literati entering the world and being born have emerged. Among the ancient Chinese literati, one was with the lofty dream of governing the country and the world, wanted to enter the career path, and relied on their own ability to govern to benefit one party and realize their own political ideals; the other was to be attached to the mountains and rivers, they were either tired of the dangers of the official field, or they had no ambition for a long time on the road of career, so in the profound reflection, Huai Gui became the feeling born in their hearts.
From the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming "knotted in the human realm, and there was no carriage and horse noise." Asked Jun He Neng'er, his heart was far away from himself. "To Meng Haoran" In the white clouds of the North Mountain, the hermit is self-pleasing. Looking at each other, they began to ascend, and their hearts flew with the geese. "Then Wang Wei" sat alone in the fence, playing the piano and screaming for a long time. The people of the deep forest do not know that the bright moon has come to take pictures. "We have seen one reclusive poet after another dashing and handsome figure, so what is it like to live in seclusion?
I have carefully selected two very representative landscape idylls for you, taking you to taste this "one place of retreat and two places of idleness", and today, I will taste the first of these two poems for you.
In addition, if you are interested in this series, I will continue to combine our real life later, interpreting Tang poems and Song ci for you, welcome to pay attention not to get lost, comments leave your opinions, I will definitely listen carefully and improve, thank you for your support!
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Donggao looked at the twilight and leaned on what he wanted.
The trees are all autumn colors, and the mountains are only falling.
The shepherd boy drives the calves back, and the hunting horses return with the birds.
Looking at each other without acquaintance, long song Huai Tse-wei.
When this poem is read, it gives people a sense of sadness. Why is that? This must start from the experience of the poet Wang Ji.
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Wang Ji lived in the late Sui and early Tang dynasties, and he was fond of drinking, and he greatly admired Ji Kang, Ruan Zhi, and Tao Yuanming, who were debauched hermits, so after serving as a deputy county magistrate for a period of time in the last years of the Sui Dynasty, he resigned from his official post and retired to the countryside.
After a turbulent war and turmoil, when it came to the Time of the Tang Dynasty Taiping, he was invited to be a consultant again, and finally he pushed back home to recuperate and went into seclusion again.
The poem we want to enjoy today is written by Wang Ji at the turn of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, when he lived in seclusion during the special period of world turmoil, and in this special period of changing dynasties and generations, we can imagine what kind of mood the poet would be? His former state as an official was overthrown by new political forces, and although the Sui Emperor's mediocre rule was unpopular, what would the new regime look like? When will the turbulent times end and will the people be freed from their suffering? As a literati, should he be loyal to the Sui Dynasty or should he regain his political ideals in a new dynasty? These wanderings are the ones that all literati in turbulent times would have, and this poem expresses the wandering mentality of the poet.
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"Donggao is thin and twilight, and he wants to rely on it." Two allusions are used:
Dengdonggao wrote poems with Shu Xiao and Qing Liu -- Tao Yuanming's "Return to Xi Ci"
Moon stars are rare, black magpies fly south, three turns around the tree, what branches can be relied on? -- Cao Cao's "Short Song Line"
Wang Ji's hermitage is located in Donggao Village, Hejin County, Shanxi Province, so the "Donggao" in the first link is also a pun.
The poet finds resonance in Tao Yuanming's "Return to the Past", the same career path can not be angry and abandon the official to return to the hometown, the same desire for a free and secluded life, but then, the poet is struck by the wandering expressed by Cao Cao's "Short Song Line" and falls into a state of melancholy.
When he looked at the distance and wandered, he saw the surrounding scenery, "The trees are all autumn colors, and the mountains are only sunset." A desolate autumn scene shrouded in this autumn scene, he saw "the shepherd boy driving the calves back, the hunting horses and the birds returning." The autumn evening wind in the background reflects the shepherd boy in the near distance and the hunting horse galloping in the distance, the dynamic and static scenery shine together, and a beautiful scenery of the pastoral pastoral style is displayed in front of the poet's eyes, and suddenly, the poet's inner loneliness and fear are relieved.
However, at this moment, the writer suddenly focused his eyes on the strange face of the shepherd boy, and the loneliness instantly surged into his heart, taking him away from the scenery in front of him and returning to reality, he said, "There is no acquaintance with each other, and the long song is huaiwei." He thought that he lived here alone, had no relatives and friends, and was so lonely that he could only sing the "Cevi" in the poem to talk about masturbation.
"Cai Wei" is a poem in the "Book of Poetry, Xiao Ya", which tells the experience of the retired soldier on his way back to his hometown, inspired by the strong emotion of homesickness, he went alone, hungry and thirsty, he recalled the hard military life and the fierce war scene, and could not help but think of a thousand mixed feelings, and sincerely exclaimed that sentence:
My heart is sad, I don't know I'm sad!
The poet nostalgic for the poem "Cevi" is to compare himself with the zhengfu in the poem, the same lost and returning, the same tired and tired, and the same mix of feelings.
At the same time, in the "Chronicle of Bo Yi Lie", it is recorded that after the King of Wu cut the silk, two brothers of the Shang Dynasty, Boyi and Shuqi, fled to the Shouyang Mountains, determined not to eat the rice of the Zhou Dynasty, only to eat Wei, and finally wrote a poem when they were about to starve to death:
Denpisi Mountain, Caiqiwei.
Violence is easy to be violent, and I don't know what it is.
Shennong, Yu, and Xia are not shy, and I am safe and sound?
Yu Yu, the decline of fate!
Later, the Tang Dynasty poet Meng Jiao was touched by this story and wrote the famous poem "Feeling Nostalgia":
Jucai Tiandao pro, Shouyang who Tsai Wei.
Go to the wilderness, the sunset when the west returns.
In "Wild Hope", the poet's "Cai Wei" is also a pun, alluding to this allusion, expressing concern about the new dynasty, that is, the pattern of the world after the Tang Dynasty replaced the Sui Dynasty, and deeply worrying about the fate of the country, the nation and oneself.
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Wang Ji is a representative of the ancient Chinese literati who worried about the world before the world and enjoyed the world after the world, he lived in seclusion in the local area, but he was concerned about the fate of the country, at the same time, his poems changed the extravagant style since the Jin Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty, returned to the inner world of the most authentic poets, and opened up an excellent head for the development of Tang poetry.
Today we interpret Wang Ji's "Wild Hope" lyrical poet's feelings of returning to the countryside, the poet ascended to the far horizon, looked at the four wildernesses, pitched liuhe, could not help but be full of sorrow, expressing the feelings of loneliness and loneliness and the feelings of home and country full of worries, however, more than a hundred years later, on the occasion of the tang dynasty, a poet Wang Wei, who was also full of seclusion, with the same emotional theme, expressed his own unique feelings of retreat, two are also the five laws of the theme of pastoral poetry, the same narrative structure and sentimental way, However, it expresses completely different emotional and ideological connotations.
Stay tuned for the next Tang poem analysis, which will take you to appreciate the pastoral poems of "one place to retreat and two places of idleness":
Interpreting the Tang poem "Weichuan Tianjia" for you, one place is hidden and two places are idle (Part 2)