Zheng Banqiao (1693-1766), formerly known as Zheng Xie, character Kerou, number Li'an, also known as Banqiao, known as Mr. Banqiao, Jiangsu Xinghua people, ancestral home suzhou. Qing Dynasty calligrapher and painter, writer.
Kangxi Xiucai, Yongzheng Ten Years Raised, Qianlong First Year (1736) Jinshi. Guanshan Dongfan County, Weixian County Ling, with remarkable political achievements, later lived in Yangzhou, sold paintings for a living, and was an important representative of the "Eight Monsters of Yangzhou".
In his lifetime, Zheng Banqiao only painted orchids, bamboo, and stones, and called himself "the orchid of the four hours, the bamboo of a hundred festivals of evergreen, the undefeated stone of eternity, and the unchangeable person of thousands of autumns." His poetry, calligraphy and painting, known as the "Three Absolutes", was a representative literati painter of the Qing Dynasty. Representative works include "Xiuzhu XinhuangTu", "Qingguang Photography", "Lanzhu FangxinTu", "Gangu chrysanthemum spring map", "Cong lan thorn map", etc., and authored "Zheng Banqiao Collection".
Poetry and painting are three masterpieces
The art of calligraphy
Zheng Banqiao calligraphy, mixed with the li body into the line kai, called itself "six and a half minutes book", known as "Banqiao body". His paintings are mostly based on orchid grass bamboo stones, and the calligraphy art of Zheng Banqiao, who has almost become his soul, is unique in the history of Chinese calligraphy.
Inferred from the "Xiaokai Ouyang Xiu "Autumn Sound Fu" written by him at the age of 23 and the "Xiaokai Fan Quality Poem" written at the age of 30, it is inferred that Itabashi's early learning books began with the European body. Its font is neat and vigorous, but slightly restrained: this is related to the uniform and beautiful pavilion style that prevailed in the book world at that time, and used it as the standard font for the examination of scholars. In this regard, Zheng Banqiao once said: "The fly head Xiao Kai is too evenly stopped, and the long fear of the work book damages the spirit." "He rarely wrote it again after he was 40 years old. Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy is most praised for its "six-and-a-half-cent book", that is, the "Banqiao body" with the "Han Eight Points" (a kind of Lishu) miscellaneous people, rows, and grasses.
The art of painting
Zheng Banqiao was born in Shuxiang mendi, the late Kangxi Dynasty mid-year Xiucai, Yongzheng ten years in the middle of the year, Qianlong in the first year of the jinshi, from the age of fifty successively served in Shandong Fan County, Wei County Zhi County for twelve years. The idea of "gaining the ambition to add zeal to the people" led him to take measures such as "opening warehouses and giving loans" and "donating incorruptible money to lose" against the common people who had been suffering from famine for many years, which caused dissatisfaction among corrupt officials and evil and inferior gentry, and he was demoted. After that, he made a living selling paintings. Zheng Banqiao's life has experienced ups and downs, tasted sour, sweet and bitter, and seen through the cold of the world, and he dares to incorporate all this into his works. Zheng Banqiao's inscription poems have got rid of the traditional simple poems on the basis of poetry or painting on the poem, he must be titled with poems every time he paints, and the title must be good, to achieve the "image of the painting" and "the meaning of the poem is difficult to paint", the poetry and painting are reflected, infinitely expanding the breadth of the picture, Zheng Banqiao's inscription poems are concerned with real life, have profound ideological content, he uses words like guns and swords, needles and disadvantages, just as he said in the "Lanzhu Stone Map": "There must be a text that reveals the world and the earth, the words of shock and thunder, the talk of gods and ghosts, and the paintings of no ancient and modern, Not in the ordinary way either. ”
In addition, Zheng Banqiao was influenced by the Confucian idea of "cultivating oneself and ruling the country and the world", requiring himself to "first be a good person with clarity and reason", to become an official, and to "make meritorious contributions to the heavens and the earth, and to maintain the health of the people". In terms of literary creation, it is also advocated that "the reason must be attributed to the sages, and the literature must be cut to daily use" and "the master's article, not the slave article". Many of his poems depict the lives of poor people and expose the brutal greed of the rich and the xu officials. In painting and calligraphy, he deeply felt that "using pen and ink for people to play well" was a shameful "common thing", and proposed: "Everyone who paints orchids, bamboo, and stones is used to comfort the laborers of the world, not for the peace and security of the world." ”
In his creation, he tried his best to make his works ethically and morally educational. Dealing with tradition and predecessors, it advocates "learning half and moving half" and "teaching and not being in the signs". That is, "do not mud the ancient law, do not cling to their own opinions, only live." Valuing one's own creativity and "refusing to lean down from one's own." He attaches great importance to the direct observation of nature, with real feelings to germinate the meaning of painting, once said: "Fan Wu painting bamboo, no teacher, more than the paper window powder wall sun and moon shadow in the ear." Advocating the creation method of "no bamboo in the chest", pointing out the connection and difference between the "bamboo in the eye", "the bamboo in the chest" and "the bamboo in the hand", and describing in detail the creative process from observing the feeling, conceiving and brewing, to the writing and shaping, the insight is unique and unprecedented.
Many of his creative feelings and experiences are found in inscriptions and poems, such as "Tedious and thin, painting is ripe when it is raw", etc., which are very valuable aesthetic views.
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