Abstract: In recent years, the planting area of cold rice has been expanding, and the yield and quality of rice have gradually improved, forming a high-quality and high-yield rice production situation. At the same time, rice pests and diseases also occur frequently and increase year by year, which has serious restrictions on the yield and quality of rice. In rice cultivation, the prevention and control of pests and diseases plays a vital role and has a prominent impact on the development of the rice industry. Combined with the practical experience of rice production in cold land, this paper analyzes the planting and pest control techniques of cold rice.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >1, select a good seed </h1>
In the process of selecting species, according to the climate and soil characteristics of the region,
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >2, treat seeds </h1>
After selection, it is necessary to screen and pick out seeds with insufficient impurities and maturity to increase the purity of the seeds.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >3, seedling preparation </h1>
Seedlings should be carried out in greenhouses or greenhouses, choose to build seedling greenhouses in places with flat terrain, leeward to the sun, and convenient transportation, and the seedbed should choose fertile soil with acidicity, and add an appropriate amount of rice seedlings to mix to make a nutritious bed soil, and the size of the seedbed is determined according to the number of seedlings.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >4, seedling sowing </h1>
Early April is the suitable sowing period for rice seedling fields in heilongjiang cold land, and sowing should end in late April.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >5, field fertilization </h1>
First, apply a good base fertilizer
Base fertilizer should be applied before planting, mainly using farm manure as the base fertilizer,
Second, apply tiller fertilizer
Tillering fertilizer should be applied after the seedlings are greened after planting, and 25 kg of ammonium sulfate, or 7.5 kg of urea, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate, 7.5 kg of potassium sulfate, and 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate can be applied per mu.
Third, apply good control fertilizer
When it is found that the rice seedlings are unevenly grown and yellow leaves appear, 1 kg of urea can be applied per mu to supplement the nutrition of the rice field.
Fourth, apply fertile ear fertilizer
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >6, field weeding </h1>
The weed species in the rice field mainly include rice barnyard, barnyard grass, water sedge, thousand gold seeds, Li's grass and so on. Barnyard agents, or benzothia oxalamine, dichloroquinoline acid and other agents can be used to eliminate barnyard weeds.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >7, moisture management </h1>
The water management of cold rice seedlings is very important, after the tillering period, shallow water irrigation should be carried out, in case of high temperature and drought weather, the amount of watering can be appropriately increased, in general, the depth of the water layer in the rice field should be maintained at about 5 cm.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >8, disease control </h1>
(1) Standing blight
This disease is a serious disease at the seedling stage, and once it occurs, it will cause large areas of seedlings to die.
(2) Rice blast
This disease can be divided into seedling plague, leaf plague, festival plague, ear neck plague and grain blast and other types, which are determined according to the site of incidence, and seedling plague is easy to cause seedling plague before the 1 leaf stage, and leaf blast can occur from the 3 leaf stage to the panicle stage.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >9, pest control </h1>
(1) Borers
Borers can cause harm in the seedling stage, tillering stage, pregnant panicle stage and ear breaking stage of rice, so that rice forms dry heart seedlings, dry pregnant ears, white ears, etc., so that rice plants have a weak growth or death phenomenon.
(2) Leafminer flies
Leafminer fly is a pest with a relatively high incidence in rice fields, mainly targeting the young leaves of rice, affecting the healthy growth of rice, and even causing large-scale death of rice plants, resulting in a significant reduction in rice yield.
(3) Armyworm
Armyworms mainly use larvae to bite the leaves of rice, causing poor growth and even death of rice plants.
In summary: in the planting of rice in cold lands, attention should be paid to the selection of excellent varieties, the appropriate treatment of seeds, the cultivation of strong seedlings, the strengthening of fertilization and water management, and the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. I hope that this paper will be helpful for rice cultivation and pest control.