Taiwan is an inalienable part of our great motherland. In ancient times, Taiwan and the mainland were originally connected. Later, due to the movement of the earth's crust, part of the land connected to the sea sank into the strait, and Taiwan became an island.
Map of Taiwan
Judging from the archaeological findings on the island of Taiwan, the culture of the mainland of the motherland has been transmitted to Taiwan in the Paleolithic Age. A large number of cultural relics such as stone tools, black pottery, faience pottery and Yin Dynasty two-wing copper pendants have been excavated from various parts of Taiwan.
Painted pottery
According to ancient documents, Chinese mainland military and civilians crossed to Taiwan to reclaim and operate the island of Taiwan, dating back to the Three Kingdoms period more than 1700 years ago. In 230 AD, Sun Quan, the wu lord, sent the generals Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi to lead 10,000 water troops across the sea to Taiwan. This was the beginning of Chinese mainland residents using advanced cultural knowledge to develop Taiwan. In Wu Ren Shen Ying's "Chronicle of Linhai Water and Soil", he recorded in detail the production and life patterns of Taiwan at that time. By the Sui Dynasty at the end of the 6th century and the beginning of the 7th century, the contact between the mainland and Taiwan increased. According to the Sui Dynasty Emperor, he sent people to Taiwan three times to "visit and observe foreign customs" and "comfort" local residents. At that time, there were already trade exchanges between the mainland and Taiwan. In the 600 years from the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, the coastal people of the mainland, especially the residents of Quanzhou and Zhangzhou in Fujian Province, in order to avoid the scourge of war and war, flowed into Penghu or moved to Taiwan to engage in reclamation. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Penghu was placed under the jurisdiction of Jinjiang County, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, and was sent to garrison the army and civilians. Economic, political, and cultural ties between the mainland and Taiwan have become increasingly frequent.
The Yuan Dynasty further strengthened the administration of Taiwan. In 1292, Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, sent Yang Xiang, the deputy of the sea ship, Wu Zhidou, a member of the Ceremonial Department, and Ruan, a member of the ZhenBu, to Taiwan to "Xuanfu". In 1335, the Yuan Dynasty officially set up the "Inspection Department" in Penghu, which was in charge of the civil affairs of Penghu and Taiwan, and was subordinate to Tong'an County (present-day Xiamen) in Quanzhou, Fujian. China's establishment of a special political apparatus in Taiwan has also begun.
After the Ming Dynasty, the people of the mainland and Taiwan had endless exchanges. During the Reign of Emperor Ming Dynasty, the navigator Zheng He, the "Eunuch of the Three Treasures", led a huge fleet to visit the countries of Southeast Asia, staying in Taiwan to bring crafts and agricultural products to the local residents. So far, folklore has it that the specialty of Fengshan in Kaohsiung, "Three Treasures Ginger", was left over from Zheng He. After the 15th century, the Wokou continued to harass the southeast coastal areas of China, and the Ming government added "guerrillas" and "Spring and Autumn Flood Guard" in Penghu, and at the same time stationed troops in Keelung and Tamsui Ergang.
Zheng He went to the West
By the end of the Ming Dynasty, mainland residents began to migrate to Taiwan on a large scale, which greatly promoted Taiwan's socio-economic and cultural development. At that time, in order to resist the oppression of the government, Fujian people Yan Siqi and Zheng Zhilong led the residents of Fujian and Guangdong to move to Taiwan, engaged in farming and trade on the one hand, and organized armed forces to resist the invasion of the Wokou and the Dutch on the other hand.
Ming Dynasty weapon Three-Eyed Rifle
At the beginning of the 17th century, the Dutch broke the colonial hegemony of the Spanish and Portuguese and came to the East to actively participate in the plundering of the colonies. It encroached on Penghu twice in 1602 and 1622. In 1624. The Ming government sent troops to drive the Dutch colonists out of Penghu, captured the Dutch generals, and the rest fled to southern Taiwan. Two years later, the Spaniards invaded Taiwan from Luzon and occupied the area around Keelung and Tamsui. In 1642, the Dutch seized the Spanish stronghold in northern Taiwan, and Taiwan has since become a Dutch colony.
The Dutch colonists occupied Taiwan for 38 years, and successively built a city and a Fort of Pavunja (Chi Chi Lou) in Taiwan as the center of colonial rule. However, its occupation area is actually only a limited area along the southern coast, as well as the two ports of Keelung and Tamsui in the north, and its rule has always been extremely unstable. The Dutch colonists brutally exploited their Taiwan compatriots.
On the 21st day of the fourth lunar month, Zheng Chenggong left part of his troops to guard Xiamen and Kinmen, and personally led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships from Kinmen Zhiluo Bay to Penghu and marched to Taiwan. On the 29th day of the fourth lunar month, the Zheng army landed at the port of Heliao in Luermen, Tainan, and with the active support of Taiwan compatriots, launched many fierce battles with the Dutch army, and finally besieged the Dutch colonial governor and the remnants of the enemy in the city of Zeelandia. Zheng Chenggong solemnly pointed out in his "Letter of Surrender" to the Dutch colonial governor Yu Yi: "However, those in Taiwan have long been operated by Chinese, and the land of China has also ,...... Now that the rest has come, the earth will be returned to me." After nine months of siege, the Dutch colonial governor had to sign a surrender on February 1, 1662 (the first year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty). Since then, the Chinese people have reclaimed the treasure island of Taiwan, which was occupied by the Dutch colonists.
However, soon after Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan, he unfortunately fell ill and died on the eighth day of the fifth lunar month in 1662 at the age of 39. Subsequently, his sons Zheng Jing and Sun Zheng Keshuang ruled Taiwan for 22 years. Three generations of the Zheng clan ruled Taiwan, rewarding sugar and salt production, establishing industry and commerce, developing trade, opening schools, and improving the agricultural production methods of the alpine people. These measures have promoted the rapid development of Taiwan's economy and culture. This is an important period of development and development in the history of Taiwan, known in history as the "Ming and Zheng Era".
In 1683 (the twenty-second year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty), the Qing government sent troops to attack Taiwan, and Zheng Keshuang led the people to submit. Since then, Taiwan has been under the direct rule of the Qing government. After the Qing government unified Taiwan, it established 1 prefecture and 3 counties in Taiwan the following year, which belonged to Fujian Province. Taiwan has been brought back under the unified jurisdiction of the Chinese central government, and its political, economic, cultural, and other aspects have become closer to the mainland, and it has become an inseparable part of the national reunification whole.
From 1760 (the twenty-fifth year of the Qianlong Qing Dynasty), there was a climax of large-scale migration of mainland residents to Taiwan again, and by 1811 (the sixteenth year of Qing Jiaqing), excluding the compatriots of the mountainous mountain tribes, the number of Taiwanese residents had exceeded 2 million, an increase of nearly 10 times compared with the time when the Zheng father and son ruled Taiwan. With the development of production and the growth of the population, the Qing government successively added administrative agencies in Taiwan. In 1885 (the eleventh year of Qing Guangxu), Taiwan was established as a province and Liu Mingchuan was sent as the first inspector. Liu Mingchuan recruited residents from Fujian, Guangdong, and other places to relocate to Taiwan and carry out large-scale development, successively setting up the General Bureau of Reclamation, the General Bureau of Telegraphs, the General Bureau of Railways, the Bureau of Ordnance, the Bureau of Trade and Commerce, the Bureau of Mines and Oils, and other institutions; building forts and straightening out defense; erecting electric wires, establishing posts and telecommunications; laying railways, opening mines, building merchant ships, and developing industry and commerce; building Chinese and Western schools, and developing culture and education. Some of these construction projects were still pioneering in the country at that time. For example, the Taiwan Railway is not only one of the earliest railways in the country, but also built by China itself
Taiwan Railways
With the decline of feudal rule, the struggle of the Taiwan people against the tyranny of the Qing Dynasty and the exploitation of feudal landlords has also been rising, and it echoes the anti-Qing struggle of the people on the mainland. Facts have shown that almost all the larger insurrection organizations were imported from the mainland. For example, the largest peasant uprising in Taiwan's history in 1786 was led by Lin Shuangwen and Zhuang Datian, leaders of Taiwan's "Heaven and Earth Society," after the mainland people's anti-Qing secret group "Tiandihui" was introduced to Taiwan. The rebel army numbered in the hundreds of thousands. The Qing government mobilized troops from Zhejiang, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces to suppress it, which lasted for 1 year and 2 months, and was first pacified. Before and after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom established the capital of Nanjing, the Taiwan Heaven and Earth Society and the Small Knife Society echoed it and revolted many times. Since the Opium War in 1840, Taiwan and the provinces along the mainland have become the forefront of China's anti-imperialist struggle. During the Opium War, Taiwan compatriots mobilized and organized an anti-British militia group twice as many as the local soldiers, and donated money and money to go to the country to suffer. Together with the officers and men, they repelled the invading British army, smashed the enemy's plot to invade and occupy Taiwan, and won the victory in the anti-British struggle. At that time, Yao Ying, a soldier in Taiwan, wrote in her "Book of Liu Zhongcheng who Was Arrested and Entered the Capital": "The land of Taiwan's armor is unremitting in ascending, the people of good righteousness, and the salty struggle to kill the enemy... Those who have to guard the rock frontier and gain peace, and those who do not bother the inland treasure and arrow, all rely on the strength of the Wen warriors." After the Opium War, The Taiwan compatriots also repelled many invasions by the United States, France, and Japan.
Opium war
In the second half of the 19th century, Japan embarked on the path of capitalist development through the "Meiji Restoration", striving to become a great power and stepping up its aggression against China. In 1894, it launched the Sino-Japanese War, and the corrupt Qing government signed the humiliating Treaty of Maguan with Japan on April 17, 1895, ceding Taiwan and the Penghu Islands to Japan. Taiwan thus became a Japanese colony and began a 50-year period of Japanese occupation.
During World War II, in order to cooperate with the militarist policy of advancing southward, Japan further developed all kinds of military-related industries in Taiwan, expanded the proportion of industry in the total product of the whole island, and gradually changed Taiwan from a traditional society dominated by agricultural economy to a semi-capitalist and semi-feudal social form based on industry and commerce.
After 1906, under the influence of the bourgeois revolutionary movement that arose on the mainland of the motherland, The Taiwan compatriots continued to hold patriotic armed uprisings against Japanese colonial rule. Famous ones are: the Beipu Uprising in Hsinchu in 1907, the Linpu Uprising in Nantou in 1912, and the Miaoli Uprising in 1913.
In January 1920, directly influenced by the "May Fourth" Movement, young Taiwanese who studied in Japan first founded the "New People's Association" in Tokyo, and published the "Taiwan Youth" magazine modeled on the "New Youth" in Beijing, and carried out the enlightenment propaganda of nationalist ideas, "Don't forget Taiwan", "Taiwan is China's Taiwan, the nation is China's nation, and the land is China's land."
According to historical facts, international agreements during World War II reaffirmed that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China's territory. On December 1, 1943, the Cairo Declaration, signed by China, the United States and the United Kingdom, stipulated that "the territory stolen by Japan from China, such as Manchuria, Taiwan, and the Penghu Islands, shall be returned to China."
On August 15, 1945, Japan announced its acceptance of the terms of the Potsdam Proclamation and its unconditional surrender. After 14 years of arduous resistance, the Chinese people have returned Taiwan to the embrace of the motherland and put an end to the humiliating history of Taiwan compatriots enslaved by Japanese imperialism.
Japan surrendered in World War II
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the people of the whole country longed for peace, the realization of democracy, and the construction of an independent, autonomous, and prosperous new China; but the Kuomintang government attached to the United States launched a nationwide anti-communist civil war. The Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan after defeat in the war, in a vain attempt to separate Taiwan from Chinese territory, and in order to safeguard the country's territorial integrity, the Chinese Communist Party adopted a policy of peaceful liberation but not renunciation of the use of force.