This man opened the Longhai Line to ensure the victory of the Battle of Shuangduiji
Marshal Chen Yi famously said after the end of the Huaihai Campaign: "The victory in the Huaihai Campaign was pushed out by the masses of the people with a cart." General Su Yu also said: "The victory in the East China Battlefield, especially in the Huaihai Campaign, is inseparable from the small carts of the people of Shandong and the shells produced in Dalian. After the East China Field Army captured Jinan in 1948, it completely opened up the communication lines in the Shandong area, and the grain from Shandong and the military materials from Dalian were continuously sent to the front, and only then did the artillery of the Sanye Special Column consume 30,000 shells a day.
As for the Central Plains Field Army, during the days and nights of encircling and annihilating the Huang Wei Corps, the Erye Military and Political Office opened up the Longhai Line under the leadership of Yang Guoyu, and the combination of Sulu Yuwan peasant cars and the railway and road transport network created a logistical support miracle that was not inferior to Sanye.
At the beginning of the Battle of Shuangduiji, after Liao Yunzhou led the troops to revolt, Nakano lost no time in attacking the Huang Wei Corps, and it was once estimated that the battle could be resolved in two or three days, but the actual situation was not optimistic, and the Huang Wei Corps relied on superior firepower and stubborn defense. In the previous period, Nakano first leapt thousands of miles into the Dabie Mountains, and almost discarded all his heavy weapons in order to move quickly along the way; then, in order to consolidate the base area, he transferred some troops to enrich the local troops. This has led to a great shortage of personnel and firepower, especially a serious shortage of artillery.
At that time, Nakano's entire army had only two field guns of 75 mm caliber, forty-two mountain guns, and about two hundred shells; two hundred and seven mortars, about two hundred and fifty shells, and only one shell per gun on average. In order to change this unfavorable situation and ensure that the Huang Wei Corps can be eaten in time, the Central Military Commission urgently transferred millions of rounds of ammunition, 300,000 kilograms of explosives, 150,000 grenades and other materials to the front line.
Against this background, as early as October 1948, at the meeting of the Nakano General Front Committee, Liu Deng decided to send Yang Guoyu to the Transportation Headquarters of the Central Plains Military Region in Luoyang to participate in the work of opening up the line of communication. Chief of Staff Li Da also approached Yang Guoyu and said
"The current situation is like this, there are some materials we can already be self-sufficient from the Central Plains, but ammunition, especially artillery shells, still depends on North China, transported by train, large and fast, of course, it is the best." ”
In 1948, the Kuomintang forces in East China began to shrink the communication line near Xuzhou, and the main force of the Nakano army marched eastward, liberating Zhengzhou on October 22, and the troops of the Yuwan Soviet Military Region then recaptured Kaifeng. In this way, north China military materials do not need to be transferred through Luoyang, and can be sent directly to Zhengzhou and Kaifeng. Yang Guoyu led a small group of elite personnel into Zhengzhou and began to open up the Longhai Line.
By this time, the Battle of Huaihai had already begun on November 7, and the situation between the enemy and us had changed rapidly. In order to match Huaye to annihilate Huang Botao's corps, Nakano launched the Battle of Suxian and on the 15th conquered the Kuomintang garrison base of Suxian, captured a large number of military supplies, cut off the communication line in Bengbu, Xuzhou, and isolated Du Yuming's clique. At this time, Huang Wei's corps marched east from the Zhumadian area of the Pinghan Line and advanced toward Mengcheng and Suxian, but the situation was extremely urgent, and Erye needed a large number of ammunition and food supplies. Yang Guoyu took great risks and decided to open the railway from Zhengzhou to Shangqiu on the Longhai Line, and set up a military station in Shangqiu near the Xuzhou battlefield. With the cooperation of local comrade Tian Yumin, Yang Guoyu was the head of zhengzhou station in the old China Farmers Bank.
"Comrade Tian," the old railway official wenly took off his gold wire glasses, wiped the lenses with the suede skin he had taken out of his suit pocket, and put them back on, before saying, "You have never heard of driving a train like this, which has never been heard of in ancient and modern China and abroad!" ”
Of course, Yang Guoyu knew that although there were no large enemy troops in this area, from time to time they would encounter sporadic small groups of enemies, and in order to crush the enemy's attempt to use the railway reinforcements, the Yuwan su guerrillas were still carrying out a sabotage battle along the railway line, and the Longhai Line Railway was in a state of paralysis that was unmanaged. However, if we fail to get military supplies to the front lines, the consequences are equally dire. Thinking of this, Yang Guoyu said: "There are still several locomotives in the station, may as well drive out to try?" ”
"Lightly said!" The person in charge did not know Yang Guoyu's identity, smiled contemptuously, and turned to Lao Tian and said: "I listened to the Xinhua News Agency broadcast, and you Communist Party warned against destroying all factories, enterprises and transportation equipment." Now there are only three locomotives in the station, and if I destroy one, I am afraid that my life will be in danger! Besides, the current situation of this railway is also impossible to open to traffic! ”
Yang Guoyu was furious, stood up and said firmly: "Sir, don't you claim to listen to the Communist Party?" Well, I tell you, trains are not pushed, cowhides are not blown, and there is no way to fight ahead without ammunition! Destroyed one front, and two more, anyway, had to leave at five o'clock this afternoon, and I was responsible for everything! ”
Lao Tian also became serious: "Yes, Noji has orders, and everything is mainly to ensure military transportation." ”
The old official couldn't sit still, and pointed at Yang Guoyu and asked Lao Tian: "What is he doing, his tone is so big, is it you who is in charge or he is in charge?" ”
Lao Tian said: "He is the plenipotentiary representative of the Field Command, and now that he is in the period of military management, he has the right to handle all affairs here and here!" ”
Yang Guoyu walked to Lao Tian's side and said, "You can't delay for a minute, you should notify the station, dial nine wagons, and load the car immediately!" ”
The old official was embarrassed, took off his gold wire glasses again, and said, "Good! Good! I let the flight crew prepare to depart. However, I can only be responsible for the site is fine, out of Zhengzhou, can not afford to wait...
Zhengzhou Railway Station. Yang Guoyu entrusted the task of moving the front of the car and directing the loading of the car to Staff Officer Zhang. He whispered to Yang Guoyu, "It's all bullets and shells!" ”
Yang Guoyu asked, "What do you mean?" He said, "I have no bottom in my heart, this thing is not a joke!" ”
After Staff Officer Zhang left, Yang Guoyu pondered that as the head of the Transportation Command of the Military Region, he had to plan the overall situation together and think about the worst.
Yang Guoyu walked back and forth on the platform with his hands behind his back, silently summing up in his heart, and making various assumptions: First, the enemy situation suddenly changed, and the train could be surprised by the enemy; second, in the Shangqiu area, there were still remnants of the enemy, and the train could not enter the station; third, the railway was impassable and could not pass; fourth, the stations along the way were unmanaged and the situation in front of them was unknown; fifth, there was a misunderstanding with the guerrillas of our army, and unexpected things happened. Finally, Yang Guoyu spread out the map on the bluestone slab on the platform, carefully considering the situation on the battlefield: the general direction of the battle situation had been determined, and the enemy's large army was assembling in Xuzhou, not to the west; if it encountered a small group of enemies, a company of guard troops carried with him could also resist for a while. The first two most worried problems were solved, and in order to solve the problems in the back, Yang Guoyu decided to nag with the train driver Master.
Coincidentally, when Zhang Staff Officer led a train driver over, perhaps introducing Yang Guoyu's identity, far away, the worker master urn shouted angrily: "Welcome, welcome!" ”
Yang Guoyu asked, "Brother, can this train drive?" ”
"Can do!" He shook Yang Guoyu's hand hard: "Two of our three locomotives were on fire day and night, and they were prepared for this!" ”
Yang Guoyu asked again, "Are you sure that you will go to Shangqiu?" ”
The driver groaned for a moment and said, "I'm not sure, but I can try." In case of preparation, the front with a road pressure car to explore the road, but also to bring a road to build the sleeper, encounter a bomb crater or something does not matter, fill it on, afraid of encountering great damage! ”
Therefore, Yang Guoyu urgently asked Staff Officer Zhang to transfer a road pressure car to be responsible for exploring the way, drawing two shifts from the strength of a company and putting them on the two wagons in front of and behind the train, and the rest were scattered to other wagons to guard the ammunition. Yang Guoyu sat in the cab himself and accompanied the driver to drive.
When all this was done, it was already 4:30 p.m. Cold wind struck, Yang Guoyu could not help but shiver, to Zhengzhou before the night rush, has not slept well for several nights, arrived here and worked continuously for more than a day, the body is a bit overwhelmed. However, there is no rest, because the speed of war is often beyond people's expectations, and it is necessary to race against the clock to move forward.
"Uh--" In the piercing whistle, the train rumbled out of Zhengzhou Station, and an indescribable emotion surged into Yang Guoyu's heart, was it excitement and happiness? Or worried, worried? Probably.
Fortunately, from Zhengzhou to Zhongmu, all the way to the green light, the train drove fast. However, after Passing Zhongmu, especially to the east of Kaifeng, it is true that the station is unmanaged, the roadbed is destroyed, and the train must wait until the front is filled before it can go, and the stop-and-go is very slow, squirming like an earthworm.
"Dad! Whoops—"
Yang Guoyu suddenly heard several crisp gunshots. The situation is complicated, and it is not possible to break through. Yang Guoyu urgently ordered the driver to stop. As soon as the train came to a standstill, there were a few more sparse gunshots. Judging from the sporadic sound of gunfire and the single direction, Yang Guoyu concluded that it would not be the enemy. Sure enough, after shouting, a group of people came out from a hidden place in the distance, and asked, as expected, they were railway guerrillas in the Yuwan-Suzhou region.
"It's really dangerous!" The guerrilla leader touched the beads of sweat on his forehead and said, "This year, it will change every now, who expected that we also have trains!" ”
Yang Guoyu smiled and said to the railway guerrillas: "From today onwards, the railways and trains here are all under military control, you must put the red flag at the station, publicize our policy to the old staff, as long as you work well, the salary will be paid!" ”
Bidding farewell to the guerrillas, the train continued eastward. From Kaifeng to Shangqiu, the situation is more complicated. Sometimes, when the station did not give a traffic signal, Yang Guoyu sent people to get off the train to find the station manager who was hiding, talked to the next station on the phone and then drove; sometimes, the road nails were removed, the roadbed was destroyed, and Yang Guoyu reinstalled the road nails and transported soil to fill the pits with soldiers and drivers; sometimes, in order to prevent the front of the mine, he sent people to the front on foot to reconnoiter. In this way, the train stopped and stopped several times, and finally arrived at Shangqiu safely the next morning. That night, the train traveled two hundred and three kilometers, which was the speed of the high-speed railway at that time. Yang Guoyu calculated that if it was still transported by car or horse-drawn carriage, this batch of ammunition would be enough to toss for a month.
Just after getting off the train, Yang Guoyu immediately found a large wooden sign and asked someone to write "People's Liberation Army Shangqiu Bing Station" with nine big characters and hang it on the station. As soon as the sign appeared, there was no waiting for contact, the nearby branch team smelled the wind, and in an instant, the military supplies waiting for transfer were piled up at the station.
On the same day, Yang Guoyu set up a radio station and sent the news of opening the Longhai communication line and transporting the first batch of ammunition to the General Front Committee, and told Liu Deng, Chen Yi, and Deng Zihui and Li Da in the rear. This news was unexpected by Liu Dengchen, the former secretary of the General Committee, and the chiefs sent a telegram instructing them to set up a general military station in Shangqiu, and in the future, not only the materials of the Central Plains Field Army, but also those of Huaye and Jin-Cha-Ji, but also some of them should be transported to Shangqiu for forwarding.
Soon, the Battle of Huaihai entered the second phase, and Nakano surrounded the Huang Wei Corps at the Double Stack. In order to coordinate management, the former headquarters of the military region branch decided to set up major military stations in Shangqiu and Xuefeng, and ordered Yang Guoyu to take charge of the railway and road transportation in Shangqiu.
Shangqiu from morning to night, traffic is busy, the river is endless. In order to vigorously support the front, people used all kinds of means of transport, cars, donkeys, one-wheeled trolleys, four-wheeled cattle pulled taiping carts, to transport all kinds of materials from all directions, turning Shangqiu into a mountain of cannonballs, explosives, grain, and clothing. A heavy burden was placed on everyone at the station, and some comrades could not stand it and wanted to return some of their supplies. Yang Guoyu said to them: "I have seen it on the front line, and the chiefs and soldiers there are looking forward to us transporting grain and ammunition as soon as possible." If we sweat a little more and sleep less, the troops on the front line will be able to shed less blood and destroy the enemy! The comrades of the military station were touched by these words and unanimously agreed to adhere to the six principles: let go and receive, boldly send.
These days, with the accumulation of supplies, the Kuomintang planes have repeatedly circled over Shangqiu, and the threat is obvious, not only so much ammunition, food, clothing and medicine may be destroyed, but also if the supply line of our army is cut off, the consequences will be unimaginable. It is also strange that the enemy's plane did not drop a bomb, and later learned that because the war situation was developing rapidly, the enemy's intelligence work was particularly chaotic, and it was even uncertain whose hands Shangqiu was in.
However, when he received a new enemy briefing in early December, Yang Guoyu's newly relaxed mood tensed up again. The enemy situation suddenly changed, and Qiu Qingquan, Li Mi, and Sun Yuanliang abandoned Xuzhou and fled in the direction of Yongcheng. Obviously, if hundreds of thousands of enemy troops continue to flee westward, then the Shangqiu garrison may be attacked by the enemy at any time. Yang Guoyu immediately issued two orders: "Inform the rear railway to be suspended immediately, and urgently evacuate the mountains of materials piled up on the station." At this time, Yang Guoyu only had one company of troops and an armed automobile regiment at hand, and the strength of the guard defense was seriously insufficient. The two main regiments sent by Noji to guard had not yet arrived, and Yang Guoyu decided to organize some of the well-educated prisoners and guard them on the periphery. Fortunately, the Qiu and Li corps were soon surrounded by Huaye at Chen Guanzhuang, and several regiments of the Sun Corps, which had fled to the east of Shangqiu, fled like birds of fright, along the northern and southern suburbs of Shangqiu, and did not dare to enter Shangqiu City at all.
In January 1949, the Battle of Huaihai was victoriously concluded. Yang Guoyu counted, Shangqiu Bing Station still had 1,811 boxes of bombs, 81 boxes of 82 mortar shells, 2 cases of detonators, 595 barrels of gasoline, 86 barrels of engine oil, 2 barrels of butter and other military supplies.
This is the efficiency of the logistics support of the People's Liberation Army before 1949, a military logistics department without bureaucrats and bloated institutions, that is, a flat organizational structure, revolutionary cadres who complete tasks at all costs. Of course, during the Battle of Huaihai, the people's trolley support system was responsible for transferring materials to various transportation hubs, and then quickly transporting them to the main military stations by railways and highways, and finally transporting them to the front line through various means of transportation. This system was also tempered over two years in the Liberation War, and finally fully demonstrated in the Battle of Huaihai.
While marveling at the miracle of the 600,000 victories over 800,000 in the Huaihai Campaign, we must also see the miraculous work of the logistics department of the People's Liberation Army. At the same time, it was also seen that the Second Department of the Kuomintang Ministry of National Defense and the Secrecy Bureau were seriously infiltrated by lurking red agents, and only then did they let go of the strategic goal of the Shangqiu Military Station, and if the aircraft and airborne troops of the Nationalist Army raided Shangqiu, then the double-pile encirclement war might be a different look.