Author: Old History
First, grew up in the darkest years of the late Ming Dynasty
▲ Grandfather had high hopes for Shi Kefa
3. Fathers take on the responsibility of early childhood education
Shi Kefa's father, Shi Congqing, the character Shubin, the number of the chapter, the highest degree is a county student, that is, we are talking about the Xiucai now, and later has not been lifted. He had a gentle personality and was a well-known filial piety.
As early as the age of six, Shi Kefa's father taught him to read as his son's enlightenment teacher. When his father was young, his grandfather was also full of hope for him: he hoped that he was smart, that he was strong in martial arts, that he had a smooth career, and that he was upright. However, in the blink of an eye, it is already the year of establishment, except for the integrity of the people who have not lived up to their father's expectations, the rest do not seem to be very smooth, after being admitted to the show, there is no big creation. His heart was completely transferred to his son's future prospects.
From an early age, Shi Kefa was "good at reading, and was many times more beneficial to the book", that is, his reading efficiency was often several times higher than that of ordinary children. What does he usually read? According to the study plan drawn up by his father for Shi Kefa, he first read the articles "University" and "Zhongyong", and then read Zhu Xi's "Notes on the Four Books". In the first year, I finished reading the second book of the Analects; in the second year, I read the two Treatises. In the third year, kefa was eight years old, first familiar with Mencius, and asked to explain the Analects; at the age of nine, he read "Mao's Poems" and explained Mencius; at the age of twelve, he began to accept the Five Classics; and at the age of thirteen, he first learned composition. Of course, these books were all required by the imperial examination at that time, and this series of studies was all prepared to make a statement for the sages and to cope with the imperial examination.
The imperial examination system was the system of selecting officials in feudal Chinese society, which originated in the Sui Dynasty and was further improved in the Song Dynasty. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, after Zhu Yuanzhang seized power, although there were many important things to be done, he attached great importance to education and put running schools in a very important position. In the second year of Hongwu [1369 AD], Ming Taizu issued an edict:
"Governing the country is based on indoctrination, and indoctrination is based on schools." Although there is a university in Kyoshi, there is no school in the world. It is advisable to set up schools in all counties and counties, to extend confucianism, to teach disciples, to preach the holy ways, and to make people gradually moond, so as to restore the old kings of the past. ”
Since then, all provinces, prefectures, and counties have set up public schools, called Confucianism. According to the rules, important officials at all levels, from the central to the local level, are mainly selected from among the talents who have stood out in the examinations for the imperial examinations at every level, and it is absolutely impossible for them to enter the career path without passing the examinations. The lowest level of the imperial examination is the prefectural examination. At that time, the readers, young and old, were commonly known as TongSheng before entering the school, and Tongsheng passed the examination at the prefectural and county levels and was admitted to the school. The students who have enrolled are called students, also known as county students, which is what we usually call Xiucai. Only when xiucai who is studying passes the annual examination (equivalent to the current semester examination) and the scientific examination (equivalent to the current graduation examination) will be qualified to take a higher-level examination, the township examination, and then pass the township examination, the meeting examination, and other first-level examinations, and obtain the meritorious name of raising people and entering the army, only then will it be possible to enter the DPRK as an official.
▲Imperial examination
The ming dynasty examinations, the titles are from the "Four Books" and "Five Classics" these books, using the same eight-strand format, the form is rigid, the content is narrow, not allowed to play freely, not only can not reflect the true thoughts and talents of students, but also seriously shackled people's thinking, resulting in a decline in literary style. But it has to be admitted that it is this rigid and rigorous examination that gives every young person a fair chance for promotion.
Slightly older, Shi Kefa seems to have become not satisfied with the rote memorization of the Four Books and Five Classics, but likes to read some other works. Among them, Ouyang Xiu's works are especially loved by him. He believes that Ouyang Xiu's works are "full of quotations, folded in reason, discerning and curved, clean and comfortable, changing back and forth, there are rushes and stops, and all are in the middle of the festival, making people happy and not tired, and the world suddenly obeys the master." The meaning of this passage is probably: the article written by Ouyang Xiu cites many examples, explains a lot of truths, makes people look easy to understand, and makes people not tired of reading. According to Wang Zhizhen, Shi Kefa's aide when he was supervising in Yangzhou later, he often brought Ouyang Xiu's book "History of the Five Dynasties" with him when he traveled to take care of Shi Kefa's travels. When Ding Waiyan left office during his tenure as Inspector of Anqing, he even studied at home and closed doors, "Yu Guren's books all understood its gist, and he was particularly intoxicated, and the Complete Works of Ouyang Wenzhonggong was also. ”
▲ Shi Kefa's calligraphy works
In addition, calligraphy was also a hobby and pleasure of Shi Kefa's childhood. Because the calligrapher and painter Mi Wanzhong, who was known as "Nan Dong Bei Mi" at that time, was in the same year that his grandfather Shi Yingyuan Shun Tianxiang List, that is, he was admitted to the Shun Tianfu People together.
Mi Wanzhong had two hobbies in his life, one was to love calligraphy and painting, and the other was to love stones. His hobbies were very similar to those of his distant ancestor Mi Fu. In addition to his fondness for collecting, he is also good at wielding, and is known as "xingcao to obtain the Nangong family law, which is on a par with Dong Taishi (Qichang)". He is especially good at signing books, and he has been famous for forty years, and his handwriting is all over the world. His calligraphy is mainly inherited, but the artistic personality in his works is still relatively obvious, and in the late Ming Dynasty, although the influence was not as good as Dong Qichang, it was still natural to be called "everyone".
Miwan zhong was fifty years old at the time, between Shi Kefa's grandfather and father. Because of the relationship with his grandfather Shi Yingyuan in the same year (that is, the same as the middle move), coupled with the fact that they are friends, the two families often have contacts. Although he was more than thirty years older than Shi Kefa, for many years, he always regarded Shi Kefa as a young friend who had forgotten his life, and in calligraphy, he had volunteered to give him careful guidance. Therefore, some people later called Shi Kefa "a sentence of execution, a flying wrist, and a seventeen-post character", calling him "a book of works and deeds, solemn and upright, like a person" and "like Dong Siweng (Qichang) and more strong than it".
Later, the book "Biography of Donglin Lie" said that Shi Kefa "had few great ambitions and was good at strategy for the world", indicating that he was not a nerd who read the Four Books, the Five Classics, and some cookie-cutter eight-strand texts from an early age, but needed to read selectively from the imperial court to "seek wizards and seek talents and seek kuangji".
Updated 10-29
Editor: Yan Jingping,"White Wave Love"