The background of the story is that the Xiongnu are arrogant and arrogant, and they have exhausted their insults, and the Han Dynasty can only swallow their anger and swallow, and can only crown the daughters of the imperial clan as princesses, give them to the Xiongnu king as wives, and also give them a large amount of gold and silver, grain, silk, and fine wine. This means that anyway, you are also for beautiful women and belongings, so I might as well take the initiative to give it to you, just beg you not to hit me. The Huns paid no more and naturally agreed. This has continued for decades. By the time of Emperor Wudi of Han, the country's GDP had increased, and the domestic separatist forces had also been eliminated a lot, and Emperor Wudi of Han believed that he could no longer be patient, so he was ready to give the Xiongnu a little color to see.
The Art of War Cloud: The upper soldiers cut the plot, and the second cut the friendship. And the clouds, the soldiers who surrender without fighting, the upper and higher also. Emperor Wu of The Han Dynasty wanted to pull out the thorn in the eye of the Xiongnu, using the art of sun tzu's war—the Han Dynasty had been a grandson in front of the Xiongnu for sixty or seventy years. He did not directly attack Longxi. He thought of the Yueshi people, the tribe that had been driven out of their homeland and the Xiongnu had a deep hatred for each other, and if they could join hands with them and attack the east and west, the chances of victory against the Xiongnu would be much greater.
However, there was a gap between the Han Dynasty and the Yue Dynasty, and although the Social Form of the Xiongnu was not as advanced as the Han Dynasty, they were not stupid enough to let the envoys of the Han Dynasty contact the Yue Clan to beat them together. Emperor Wu of Han thought of a similar method to Prince Dan of the Yan Kingdom: recruit warriors. After the preliminary round, the semi-finals, and the final, in the end, a small Lang official won the top spot, his name was Zhang Qian.
138 BC is an auspicious year. In the same year, Zhang Qian organized a Han Dynasty mission to begin a westward journey. There were more than a hundred people in the whole regiment, and only two of them left their names, in addition to Zhang Qian, there was also a man named Tang Yifu. Mr. Tang is a Hu person, who is said to have a good arrow technique, and the character is Zhang Qian's bodyguard. They originally wanted to secretly cross the Hun territory, but the team of more than a hundred people, the action was very remarkable, and they were quickly locked and captured by the Huns. The Huns found the documents given to the Yue clan by the Han Dynasty from their luggage, and knowing the purpose of their trip, they were furious and sent them to the court of the Western Xiongnu king and imprisoned them. All this is logical and not alarming, but Zhang Qian is so great.
The Xiongnu gave a woman to Zhang Qian as a wife. Thinking about it carefully, the Xiongnu were actually a very humane nation, and when they captured Cai Wenji, they gave her a husband, and when they captured Zhang Qian, they gave him a wife. Li Ling was helpless to surrender, in fact, it was almost like being captured, and the Xiongnu also gave a wife. The Huns seem to have set up a library of husbands and wives, which are specially used to ration captives, so even I very much want to be captured by the Huns once.
Zhang Qiantao's cultivation of obscurity made the Xiongnu gradually let down their vigilance, and ten years later, he and his cousin's father saw an opportunity to slip away. But he did not complete the task, and he had no face to see Jiangdong's father and elder, so he continued the journey of ten years ago, to the west, to the west. They crossed the Cheshi, passing through Ruoqiang, Zhimu, Shumi, Khotan, Shule, and arrived at Dawan. The king here did not have a "big name" frame at all, and when he heard that Zhang Qian and zhang qian were from the Han Dynasty, they were so happy that they smiled and danced with their hands and blushed. Zhang Qian said that he was going to find the Yue people. When King Dawan heard this, he sighed and said, "You don't even know such big international news." The Ōtsuki clan has moved again! ”
The Yueshi people are really a group of bitter children, forced to travel thousands of miles from the tourist resort of Dunhuang to Ili, where they can't get along with the Wusun people. The Wusun people were beaten at once and had to make another great migration. This time, however, it moved south, all the way south of the Amu Darya River, which was then the territory of the Bactrians and is now considered a rogue state by the Americans. Judging from today's territory, they were originally Chinese, and they were beaten into foreigners.
Zhang Qian did not give up without seeing the Yue Clan. He bid farewell to the King of Dawan and continued on his way, going through difficulties and twists and turns, and finally found the Yueshi people. However, the Yueshi people are no longer what they used to be, they no longer occupy the territory of the Wusun people as they used to be, and they have integrated into other peoples, making centrifuges and refining enriched uranium under the leadership of Khamenei. Zhang Qian spoke bitterly, telling them about historical geography, inspiring them to remember the richness of the Hexi Corridor, and reminding them of the past when the head of the King of Yue was used as the author of the night pot, but the Yue people were just unwilling to fight.
Zhang Qian had no choice but to return.
The war with the Huns continued. Zhang Qian suggested that he and Wusun could unite to attack the Xiongnu from east to west. Thus, there was Zhang Qian's second mission to the Western Regions. This time was much larger than the last time, Zhang Qian was still the emperor's envoy, in addition to a number of deputy envoys, but also brought a large number of Central Plains souvenirs, and set off in a mighty way.
According to the reason, Zhang Qian also had to pass through the Territory of the Xiongnu when he looked for Wusun this time, but he did not seem to encounter trouble, and he was very lucky. After they met Wusun, just in time for the internal strife in Wusun, they decided to make trouble with the house first and then settle the feud in accordance with the principle of "outside the country must first be inside", so they said no to Zhang Qian. Zhang Qian hit the wall again, so distressed that he wanted to jump off the building to commit suicide, but Wusun only had a tent and no high-rise buildings.
Zhang Qian sent his deputy envoys to Dawan, Bactria, Shidou, Khotan, Kangju and other countries to carry out diplomatic visits. At the same time as Zhang Qian and others returned to China or later, these countries basically sent envoys to bring their local specialties to the Han court to thank them for their deep affection. This was the original neighboring countries of China's central court "all nations to come to the dynasty", gradually, Chinese thought that the world under the heavens can not be the royal land, except for China are barbarians, are all vassal states, sitting in the well to watch the sky, arrogant, until the heart is bombarded and still refuses to put down the stinky shelf to learn from others.
Say far away, or pull it back. Four years later, Zhang Qian returned to the Han Dynasty and was named Daxing by Emperor Wu of han and ranked as the Ninth Qing, which was quite remarkable, equivalent to the deputy state level. But in fact, in Zhang Qian's heart, I am afraid that he is not so comfortable, as far as his original mission is concerned, it is still a failure, and throughout Zhang Qian's life, the Wusun people have not established an alliance with the Han Dynasty against the Xiongnu. He may lament his bad luck and bad fortune. However, he did not expect, perhaps the Chinese at that time, that what Zhang Qian had done outside of his mission had made him an important figure in the history of the world.
Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions promoted understanding among various ethnic groups. At that time, many of the ethnic groups he came into contact with belonged to the Chinese nation after the Han Dynasty set up the capital protectorate. The exchange of envoys mentioned above should be the initial form, and then, more and more people-to-people exchanges, silk, tea, and salt from the Central Plains were sold to the Western Regions, and the famous horses, furs, carrots and other items and species of the people of all ethnic groups in the Western Regions were also introduced to the Central Plains.
Zhang Qian sent an envoy to the Western Regions and brought back first-hand information on all aspects of the Western Regions, which played an important role in the future national unification and governance of the Western Regions, and at the same time promoted the social structure, economy and cultural development of the Western Regions.
Zhang Qian sent an envoy to the Western Regions, opening up the communication channel between China and the West. The geographical location of the Western Regions is very special, it is a crossroads connecting the east, west, south and north, and even the later Tang monks had to pass through here when they went to the Western Heavens to learn the scriptures, rather than crossing the Himalayas. The road here is very difficult and dangerous, and it belongs to the cecum area for a long time. Zhang Qian's opening triggered a long interaction between the East and the West of Eurasia, and Chinese silk and porcelain were sold from here all the way to Rome.
The cultures of the four ancient civilizations spread to each other and also promoted economic and cultural development. Therefore, Zhang Qian's trip to the Western Regions seemed to be just two trips, but in fact, the effects brought by it have not been terminated to this day. Mr. Lu Xun later lamented: There is no road in the world, and Zhang Qian walked once and became a road. This road is called the "Silk Road".
Zhang Qian walked twice, the first time he went south of the Taklamakan Desert, this road later became the Southern Silk Road, and when he came back, he took the northern edge of the Taklamakan Desert, which later became the Northern Silk Road. The third round trip to the North Road, from Wensu Country through the Xia Pagoda.
Unfortunately, Zhang Qian was very sorry until his death, and his two missions were unsuccessful. Although he later became a world celebrity, some scholars have compared his voyage to the West with Columbus's discovery of the New World. It is said that many multinational companies want to find him as a product spokesperson.