Source: Xinhua Daily Telegraph
The most historically significant 1000 meters in Greater Shanghai
One kilometer away from mr. Zhongshan's "Founding Strategy" is the site of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China
On the coast of the East China Sea, the deep-water port of Shangyang Mountain is like a pearl entering the sea, and it is like a sail facing the wind. It is one of the busiest port areas in the world for container operations, and is the "Oriental Grand Port" that attracts the world's attention.
However, more than 100 years ago, the "Great Port of the East" was only a dream that Chinese could not reach, and when it appeared in the "Founding Strategy" written by Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of China's democratic revolution, it was scorned by many people as "utopian".
Is it "utopian"? The key is who does it. Two years after Sun Yat-sen completed the Founding Strategy, the Communist Party of China was quietly born in a small Building in Shikumen in Shanghai, and a new chapter in Chinese history was opened.
History proves that the Chinese Communists are the staunchest supporters, the most loyal collaborators, and the most loyal inheritors of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary cause!
What is intriguing is that the place where Mr. Zhongshan wrote the "Founding Strategy" is only one kilometer away from the site of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China.
Mr. Nakayama sighed
It was late autumn, and the leaves of the plane trees were yellow. No. 7 Xiangshan Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, former residence of Sun Yat-sen. Mr. and Mrs. Soong Ching-ling stayed here in 1918, and after Sun Yat-sen's death in March 1925, Soong Ching-ling continued to live here until 1937, when the War of Resistance Against Japan broke out before Soong Ching-ling left.
Shanghai is one of the most important cities in Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary career, it is Sun Yat-sen's connections, revolutionary base, broad stage and warm home. In the early days of the revolution, Sun Yat-sen came to Shanghai many times to learn about the situation of the domestic revolution, and he gathered funds and forces for the revolution in Shanghai; in Shanghai, he gathered the world's revolutionary talents, used the media to publicize the revolution and oratory, and opened the door to meet guests, and behind closed doors, he immersed himself in writing books and expounding revolutionary ideas, expounding revolutionary ideas, and planning a grand blueprint for China's economic development in the future; it was also in Shanghai that he conformed to the historical trend, explored a new road of revolution, and brewed the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation.
"Shanghai, which has an open, innovative and inclusive urban character, has created a necessary and ideal environment for Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary activities, which have enriched the connotation of Shanghai in many ways." Xiong Yuezhi, a researcher at the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, said.
Walking into the former residence of Sun Yat-sen, there is a bright study on the second floor, and there are many maps on the walls and cabinets around it. "The furniture here is basically arranged according to the memories of Song Qingling's life, according to the original layout of the 1920s and 1930s. In Song Qingling's impression, her husband's favorite thing to do every night is to spread out a huge map on the ground and bend down to draw the railway, port, etc. by hand. Former residence docent Li Cong said.
This is exactly the scene of Sun Yat-sen's writing "Industrial Plan". From 1918 to 1919, Sun Yat-sen completed two works in this study, "Sun Wen Theory" and "Industrial Plan", and the well-known "Founding Strategy" is the joint name of these two works and the "Preliminary Civil Rights" completed in 1917.
"After the founding of the Republic of China... I have not seen the construction cause going on, while state affairs are in dispute with each passing day by day, and the people are increasingly suffering, thinking in the middle of the night, and they are overwhelmed with pain! The cause of the construction of the Republic of China cannot be regarded as a slower for a moment. Sun Yat-sen wrote in the preface to the "Founding Strategy".
Sun Yat-sen, who had personally seen the prosperity of European and American countries, resigned as the provisional president of the Republic of China and poured a lot of effort into promoting the development of China's industry. He traveled to more than 10 provinces and cities, whether urban or rural, whether factories, ports or railway lines, leaving the footprints of his investigation visits. The results of these expeditions gradually formed his ambitious "industrial plan".
In terms of transportation and the development of commercial ports alone, the "Industrial Plan" proposes "100,000 miles of railways," "one million miles of gravel roads," "the addition of telegraph lines, telephones, and radios throughout the country," "the construction of an ocean port in the central, northern, and southern parts of China, such as the Port of New York," "the construction of various commercial ports and fishing ports along the coast," and specific measures.
"Compared with Kang Youwei's "Theory of Material National Salvation" and Zhang Xiao's 'Theory of Saving the Country by Cotton and Iron,' the "Industrial Plan" has done a more in-depth study of how China can promote the industrial revolution and fully realize industrialization, and put forward the first overall plan." Jiang Yihua, a professor at Fudan University, said.
The "Industrial Plan" of more than 100,000 words, which fulfilled Sun Yat-sen's dream of saving the country through industry, was regarded as "empty talk" at that time. When he spread out a map of China full of railway lines, the Australian journalist William Duana was very dismissive: "This game-like puzzle is simply impossible to achieve." ”
Yuan Zhe, a scholar at Donghua University, after examining the history of the dissemination of the Industrial Plan in the 1930s and 1940s, believes that for a long time after the publication of the plan in 1919, there was no follow-up research by scholars or experts, let alone in-depth discussion, and then encountered political turmoil, so it did not trigger a big discussion on the rejuvenation of the country through industry, nor did it drive an industrial construction from the national level.
The English version of the Industrial Plan was originally titled The International Development of China ("International Joint Development of China Economic Plan"), which shows that Sun Yat-sen not only wanted to introduce advanced Western technology, but also hoped to use foreign capital to rapidly develop China's economy. However, this idea is ultimately "deliberate in falling flowers, and merciless in flowing water". Instead of helping, the great powers overthrew themselves over the then Beijing government, exacerbating the situation of warlord slur and political turmoil in China.
Sun Yat-sen seems to have foreseen such an outcome, lamenting in the preface to the Strategy for the Founding of the People's Republic: "The psychology of the revolutionary party, at the beginning of its success, was enslaved by the saying that 'it is not difficult to know, but it is difficult to act', and it is regarded as empty words, so it gives up the responsibility of construction." ”
This sigh is particularly heavy in history...
"Real revolutionary comrades"
Fortunately, China's history has been changed by true patriots.
Just one kilometer away from No. 7 Xiangshan Road, a major memorial hall of the Communist Party of China is full of people, and the Xinhai Revolution is a striking chapter in the exhibition hall.
In the exhibition cabinet, revolutionary cultural relics such as Zou Rong's "Revolutionary Army", Qiu Jin's personally drafted military regulations and military system of the Guangfu Army, and the army flag used by the Shanghai revolutionaries during the uprising in November 1911 were quietly displayed, and the portrait of Sun Yat-sen hanging on the exhibition wall was like a torch. Many visitors stopped here to look back at the arduous road of salvation and survival, and feel the fiery dream of revitalizing China.
Following Zhan Chen to the depths of history, the gray and dull photos show the historical scene of Yuan Shikai stealing the fruits of the revolution and becoming the president, the beginning of the dark rule of the Beiyang warlords, and the people's livelihood. "Immeasurable head, immeasurable blood, poor purchase of fake republic" - a lament by Cai Jimin, a hero of the Xinhai Revolution, is like a lightning strike, hitting the bottom of the audience's heart.
"The theme of this section is called 'The Illusion of The Republic', which reveals that the establishment of a bourgeois-democratic republic did not bring the expected national independence and social progress to the people." Zhang Yuhan, a research librarian at the memorial hall, said.
Although the Xinhai Revolution did not change the social nature of the semi-colonial and semi-feudal people of old China and the tragic situation of the Chinese people, it greatly promoted the spread of new ideas, forged more advanced Elements in China, and laid an important foundation for the Chinese revolution to usher in a bright future.
In the spring of 1911, Mao Zedong first saw the Minli Bao, run by the League, in Changsha, and soon became an avid reader of it. He carefully studied the political program of the League to "drive out the Tartars, restore China, establish the Republic of China, and equalize land rights" and began to support the revolutionaries headed by Sun Yat-sen. In order to show his determination to resist the Qing Dynasty, he initiated and took the lead in cutting off the braids on his head.
Before Mao Zedong, many founders and early leaders of the Communist Party of China were directly involved in the Xinhai Revolutionary Movement, such as Chen Duxiu, who was the general president of the Yue WangHui, an anti-Qing secret organization in Anhui, and the secretary general of the Anhui Governor's Office after the Wuchang Uprising; Zhu De also said in the article "Memories of the Xinhai Revolution": "I joined the League in 1909 at the Yunnan Daowutang under the influence of Sun Yat-sen's democratic revolutionary ideas. ”
Xu Jiangang, executive vice president of the Party School of the Shanghai Municipal Cpc Committee, said: "When the CPC Congress was held, among the more than 50 early party members across the country, there was a very important force, that is, the members of the Old League association who participated in the Xinhai Revolution. There were also many Communists, such as Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong, Qu Qiubai, Zhou Enlai, Yun Daiying, etc., who did not directly participate in the Xinhai Revolution, but were deeply infected and influenced by the revolution, and they were also regarded by Sun Yat-sen as 'real revolutionary comrades'. ”
According to Soong Ching Ling' recollection, Sun Yat-sen met for the first time with representatives of the Communist Party of China at 7 Xiangshan Road, thus enabling him to adopt a new and unique correct view of the question of the Chinese revolution.
"Sun Yat-sen particularly admired and respected Li Dazhao... When he saw such guests, he often said that he considered these people to be his true revolutionary comrades. He knew that in the struggle he could rely on their clear thoughts and fearless courage. Song Qingling once said.
At the invitation of Sun Yat-sen, Chinese Communists joined the Kuomintang in their personal capacity, helped the Kuomintang complete its reorganization, established the broadest revolutionary united front, and set off a vigorous revolution that dealt a heavy blow to the reactionary rule of the Beiyang warlords.
In January 1924, the First National Congress of the Kuomintang was held, and Li Dazhao was elected as one of the five members of the presidium of the congress. According to the records, Sun Yat-sen once rebuked the right wing of the Kuomintang who opposed the Communists: "It is shameful that Er and others are jealous of the struggles of others without struggling!" ”
In March 1925, Sun Yat-sen, who had exhausted his life's energy for the revolution, left a sincere exhortation that "the revolution has not yet succeeded, comrades still have to work hard", and passed away unexpectedly. The Chinese Communists represented by Mao Zedong inherited Sun Yat-sen's last wishes, continued to struggle with all those who were loyal to his cause, united and led the broad masses of the people to fight with blood and perseverance, won the victory of the new-democratic revolution, and completed the national independence and people's liberation that countless people with lofty ideals in modern China dreamed of.
Dream "over-fulfilled"
On May 27, 1949, Shanghai was liberated; on October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded.
The grand plan of construction that the pioneers failed to reach opened the way for the latecomers to continue to move forward. The great idea painstakingly drawn up by Sun Yat-sen for the rejuvenation of the nation, the prosperity and strength of the country, and the happiness of the people was realized by generations of Chinese Communists on the land of the motherland and endowed with new contents of the times.
Opening the "Industrial Plan" today, the hardships and magnificence of the dream journey are touching. The "Industrial Plan" proposes: "Create a municipal housing center in Pudong, and build a new Huangpu Beach along the left bank of the Xinkai River to increase the value of the new land that it plans to enclose in Shanghai." "In 1990, the state implemented the strategy of developing and opening up Pudong, and today Pudong has become the forefront of China's reform and opening up, and embarked on a new journey to build a leading area for socialist modernization. Another example is the concept of "building forests in northern and central China" in the Industrial Plan, and today, the Three North Shelterbelts are like a green Great Wall, building a functional ecological security barrier for the vast land.
When the "Founding Strategy" was completed in 1919, China only had more than 10,000 kilometers of railways. Today, China's high-speed rail is leading the world, with highways running across urban and rural areas, and seven out of ten "the world's busiest ports" have far exceeded Sun Yat-sen's original idea.
On September 28 this year, the "Shanghai" China-Europe express train departed from Shanghai for the first time, heading west to Hamburg, Germany. This train is loaded not only with clothing, shoes and hats, glassware, auto parts, precision instruments and other "Made in China", but also Sun Yat-sen's Chinese dream of "being the backbone of the Eurasian railway system". "The rich and the poor of the country can be determined by the number of railways, the bitterness of the places, and the distance and proximity of the railways." He wrote in the Industrial Plan.
Once upon a time, Sun Yat-sen conceived of adopting an "open and inclusive" policy and using foreign capital and Western technology to develop Chinese industries. In 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee made a historic decision to implement reform and opening up; on December 11, 2001, China joined the WTO, opening up a new world of opening up to the outside world...
Just in Shanghai, along the "net red punch card" Nanjing West Road business circle, world-renowned luxury brands gathered. Jing'an District, where this road is located, serves as an international consumer city demonstration area, bringing together more than 2,000 domestic and foreign brands. Within the jurisdiction of 37.37 square kilometers, there are nearly 100 regional headquarters of multinational companies.
With an open and inclusive mindset, we will introduce foreign capital, technology and talents. The tide of reform and opening up is rolling forward, and enterprises and cities have changed their appearance.
Once, witnessing the people in the midst of water and fire, hoping to "own for the people, govern for the people, and enjoy for the people" -- the "country where the people are most happy" that Sun Yat-sen longed for," has now historically solved the problem of absolute poverty, embarked on the broad road of comprehensive well-off, and marched with vigor toward the second centenary goal of comprehensively building a socialist modern power.
More than a hundred years ago, in the face of the world's doubts, Sun Yat-sen showed the firm will of a revolutionary: "If I believe in its feasibility, it will be difficult to move mountains and reclaim the sea, and there will be a day of success." ”
Today, the Communist Party of China has united and led the Chinese people, has made great achievements in socialist modernization, and will create more miracles that Sun Yat-sen did not envision on the new centennial journey, and constantly push forward the great historical cause of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. (Wu Zhendong, Guo Jingdan)